Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T04:18:12.389Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Central-Place Analyses in the la Entrada Region, Honduras: Implications for Understanding the Classic Maya Political and Economic Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Takeshi Inomata  and
Kazuo Aoyama
Takeshi Inomata
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
Kazuo Aoyama
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Analyses of archaeological data from the La Entrada region in northwestern Honduras demonstrate that central-place theory applies to the regional settlement system during the Late Classic period. The configuration of the regional central-place system appears to have been oriented to the local exchange of subsistence goods and to the minimization of energy expenditure in their movement. The distribution patterns of obsidian artifacts vary significantly among the hypothetical sustaining areas of centers, corroborating the reconstruction of a central-place system. This also suggests that political factors affected the circulation of certain materials and that basic economic spatial units in Classic Maya society were relatively small.

Los análisis de datos arqueológicos de la región de La Entrada, departamentos de Copán y Santa Bárbara, Honduras, demuestran que la teoría de las localidades centrales se aplica al sistema regional de asentamientos durante el periodo Clásico Tardío. El Proyecto Arqueológico La Entrada llevó a cabo el reconocimiento completo de un área de 150 km2, el levantamiento y mapeo de casi todos los sitios con estructuras visibles, y excavaciones de sondeo en 37 sitios, lo cual presenta una base de datos adecuada para dichos análisis. La configuración del sistema de lugares centrales sugiere la tendencia a reducir el gasto de energía invertida en el movimiento de gente y el transporte de material. Se asume que los alimentos formaban una parte importante de las finanzas de las entidades políticas mayas. Puesto que los mayas no tenían animales de carga ni vehículos con ruedas, es probable que la ineficiencia del transporte de materiales voluminosos y pesados regulaba la distribución de los centros. Es importante notar que un sistema de lugares centrales, el cual es orientado al intercambio local, se presentó en la frontera entre diferentes áreas culturales. Esto enfatiza la importancia del intercambio local en la sociedad maya durante el periodo Clásico. Además, los patrones de distribuciones de artefactos de obsidiana son distintos entre los teritorios hipotéticos de los centros, lo cual indica que factores políticos afectaban las circulaciones de ciertos materiales y que las unidades espaciales básicas de la economía maya fueron relativamente pequeñas.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 7 , Issue 4 , December 1996 , pp. 291 - 312
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 1996. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Society for American Archaeology

References

References Cited

Abrams, E. M. 1989 Architecture and Energy: An Evolutionary Approach. In Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 1, edited by M. B. Schiffer, pp. 47–87. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Adams, R. E. W. 1981 Settlement Patterns of the Central Yucatan and Southern Campeche Regions. In Lowland Maya Settlement Patterns, edited by W. Ashmore, pp. 211–257. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Adams, R. E. W. 1983 Ancient Land Use and Culture History in the Pasión River Region. In Prehistoric Settlement Patterns: Essays in Honor of Gordon R. Willey, edited by E. Z. Vogt and R. M. Leventhal, pp. 319–335. University of New Mexico Press and Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Adams, R. E. W., and Jones, R. C. 1981 Spatial Patterns and Regional Growth Among Classic Maya Cities. American Antiquity 46:301–322.Google Scholar
AID Resource Inventory Center 1966 National Resource Inventory of Honduras. AID Resource Inventory Center, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Aoyama, K. 1988 Observaciones preliminares sobre la lítica menor en el valle de La Venta, Honduras. Yaxkin 11(2):45–69. Tegucigalpa, Honduras.Google Scholar
Aoyama, K. 1991 Lítica. In Investigaciones arqueológicas en la región de La Entrada, tomo 2, edited by S. Nakamura, K. Aoyama, and E. Uratsuji, pp. 39–204. Servicio de Voluntarios Japoneses para la Cooperación con el Extranjero, Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia, San Pedro Sula, Honduras.Google Scholar
Aoyama, K. 1994 Socioeconomic Implications of Chipped Stone from the La Entrada Region, Western Honduras. Journal of Field Archaeology 21:133–145.Google Scholar
Aoyama, K., and Glascock, M. 1991 Análisis de activación neutrónica (NAA) para identificar las fuentes de obsidiana—prueba ciego de los resultados del análisis visual. In Investigaciones arqueológicas en la región de La Entrada, tomo 2, edited by S. Nakamura, K. Aoyama, and E. Uratsuji, pp. 80–82. Servicio de Voluntarios Japoneses para la Cooperación con el Extranjero, Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia, San Pedro Sula, Honduras.Google Scholar
Aoyama, K, Tashiro, T., and Glascock, M. 1992 Fuentes prehispánicas de obsidiana en el departamento de Santa Bárbara. Paper presented at the 6th Seminar on Honduran Archaeology, El Zamorano.Google Scholar
Arnauld, M. C. 1991 El comercio clásico de obsidiana: rutas entre tierras altas y tierras bajas en el área maya. Latin American Antiquity 1:347–367.Google Scholar
Ball, J. W., and Taschek, J. T. 1991 Late Classic Lowland Maya Political Organization and Central-Place Analysis: New Insights from the Upper Belize Valley. Ancient Mesoamerica 2:149–165.Google Scholar
Baudez, C. F. (editor) 1983 Introducción a la arqueología de Copán, Honduras. 3 tomos. Secretaría de Estado en el Despacho de Cultura y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.Google Scholar
Baudez, C. F., and Becquelin, P. 1973 Archéologie de Los Naranjos, Honduras. 2 vols. Mission Archéologique et Ethnologique Française au Mexique, México, D.F.Google Scholar
Berry, B. J. L. 1961 City Size Distributions and Economic Development. Economic Development and Culture Change 9:573–588.Google Scholar
Blanton, R. E. 1976 The Role of Symbiosis in Adaptation and Sociocultural Change in the Valley of Mexico. In The Valley of Mexico, edited by E. R. Wolf, pp. 181–201. University of New Mexico Pre307ss, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Blanton, R. E. 1978 Urban Systems: A Regional and Diachronic Approach. In Anthropology for the Future, edited by D. B. Shimkin, S, Tax, and J. W. Morrison, pp. 111–114. Research Report No. 4. Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana.Google Scholar
Boone, E., and Willey, G. (editors) 1988 The Southeast Classic Maya Zone. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Bray, W. 1983 Landscape with Figures: Settlement Patterns, Locational Models, and Politics in Mesoamerica. In Prehistoric Settlement Patterns: Essays in Honor of Gordon R. Willey, edited by E. Vogt and R. Leventhal, pp. 167–193. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Brumfiel, E. M., and Earle, T. K. 1987 Specialization, Exchange, and Complex Societies: An Introduction. In Specialization, Exchange, and Complex Societies, edited by E. M. Brumfiel and T K. Earle, pp. 1–9. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Bullard, W. R. 1960 Maya Settlement Pattern in Northeastern Peten, Guatemala. American Antiquity 25:355–372.Google Scholar
Burghardt, A. F. 1959 The Location of River Towns in the Central Lowland of the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 42:305–323.Google Scholar
Christaller, W. 1966 Central Places in Southern Germany. Translated by C. W Baskin. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Cook, S., and Diskin, M. (editors) 1976 Markets in Oaxaca. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Crumley, C. L. 1979 Three Locational Models: An Epistemological Assessment for Anthropology and Archaeology. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 2, edited by M. B. Schiffer, pp. 141–173. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Crumley, C. L. 1995 Heterarchy and the Analysis of Complex Societies. In Heterarchy and the Analysis of Complex Societies, edited by R. M. Ehrenreich, C. L. Crumley, and J. E. Levy, pp. 1–6. Papers No. 6. American Anthropological Association, Arlington, Virginia.Google Scholar
Culbert, T. P. 1991 Polities in the Northern Peten, Guatemala. In Classic Maya Political History: Hieroglyphic and Archaeological Evidence, edited by T. P. Culbert, pp. 128–146. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Culbert, T. P. (editor) 1991 Classic Maya Political History: Hieroglyphic and Archaeological Evidence. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Dacey, M., Davies, O., Flowerdew, R., Huff, J., Ko, A., and Pipkin, J. 1974 One Dimensional Central Place Theory. Studies in Geography Vol. 21. Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.Google Scholar
D’Altroy, T. N., and Earle, T. K. 1985 Staple Finance, Wealth Finance, and Storage in the Inka Political Economy. Current Anthropology 26:187–206.Google Scholar
Demarest, A. 1992 Ideology in Ancient Maya Cultural Evolution: The Dynamics of Galactic Polities. In Ideology and PreColumbian Civilizations, edited by A. Demarest and G. Conrad, pp. 135–157. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe.Google Scholar
de Montmollin, O. 1988 Scales of Settlement Study for Complex Societies: Analytical Issues from the Classic Maya Area. Journal of Field Archaeology 15:151–168.Google Scholar
de Montmollin, O. 1989 The Archaeology of Political Structure: Settlement Analysis in a Classic Maya Polity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Dreiss, M. L., and Brown, D. O. 1989 Obsidian Exchange Patterns in Belize. In Prehistoric Maya Economies of Belize, edited by P. A. McAnany and B. L. Isaac, pp. 57–90. Research in Economic Anthropology Supplement 4. JAI Press, Greenwich, Connecticut.Google Scholar
Drennan, R. 1984a Long-Distance Movements of Goods in Prehispanic Mesoamerica: Its Importance in the Complex Societies of the Formative and Classic. American Antiquity 49:27–43.Google Scholar
Drennan, R. 1984b Long-Distance Transport Costs in Pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica. American Anthropologist 86:105–112.Google Scholar
Evans, S., and Gould, P. 1982 Settlement Models in Archaeology. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1:275–304.Google Scholar
Flannery, K. V. 1972 The Cultural Evolution of Civilizations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol. 3, edited by R. F. Johnston, pp. 399–426. Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, California.Google Scholar
Flannery, K. V. 1976 Linear Stream Patterns and Riverside Settlement Rules. In The Early Mesoamerican Village, edited by K. V. Flannery, pp. 173–180. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Fry, R. E. 1979 The Economics of Pottery at Tikal, Guatemala: Models of Exchange for Serving Vessels. American Antiquity 44:494–512.Google Scholar
Fry, R. E. 1980 Models of Exchange for Major Shape Classes of Lowland Maya Pottery. In Models and Methods in Regional Exchange, edited by R. E. Fry, pp. 3–18. Papers No. 1. Society for American Archaeology, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Fry, R. E., and Cox, S. C. 1974 The Structure of Ceramic Exchange at Tikal, Guatemala. World Archaeology 6:209–225.Google Scholar
Glascock, M. D., Elam, J. M., and Aoyama, K. 1991 Provenance Analysis of Obsidian Artifacts from the La Entrada Region, Honduras. In Archaeometry ‘90, edited by E. Pernicka and G. A. Wagner, pp. 395–404. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Haggett, P. 1965 Locational Analysis in Human Geography. Edward Arnold, London.Google Scholar
Hammond, N. 1972 Obsidian Trade Routes in the Mayan Area. Science 78:1092–1093.Google Scholar
Hammond, N. 1974 The Distribution of Late Classic Maya Major Ceremonial Centres in the Central Area. In Mesoamerican Archaeology: New Approaches, edited by N. Hammond, pp. 313–334. Duckworth, London.Google Scholar
Hammond, N. 1976 Maya Obsidian Trade In Southern Belize. In Maya Lithic Studies: Papers from the 1976 Belize Field Symposium, edited by T. R. Hester and N. Hammond, pp. 71–82. Special Report No. 4. Center for Archaeological Research, University of Texas, San Antonio.Google Scholar
Harrison, P. D. 1981 Some Aspects of Preconquest Settlement in Southern Quintana Roo. In Lowland Maya Settlement Patterns, edited by W. Ashmore, pp. 259–286. University of New Mexico Fress, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Haviland, W. A. 1970 Tikal, Guatemala and Mesoamerican Urbanism. World Archaeology 2:186–198.Google Scholar
Hayashi, N. 1986 Chushinchi Riron Kenkyu [in Japanese, Study of the Central Place Theory]. Taimeido, Tokyo.Google Scholar
Healy, P., McKillop, H. J., and Walsh, B. 1984 Analysis of Obsidian from Moho Cay, Belize: New Evidence on Classic Maya Trade Routes. Science 225:414–417.Google Scholar
Henderson, J., Wallace, I., Wonderley, A., and Urban, P. 1979 Archaeological Investigations in the Valle de Naco, Northwestern Honduras: A Preliminary Report. Journal of Field Archaeology 6:169–192.Google Scholar
Hirth, K. G. 1978 Interregional Trade 309 and the Formation of Prehistoric Gateway Communities. American Antiquity 43:35–45.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. R. 1979 Simulating the Growth of Hierarchies. In Transformations: Mathematical Approaches to Culture Change, edited by C. Renfrew and K. L. Cooke, pp. 117–144. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. R. 1980 Trade and Exchange: Definitions, Identification and Function. In Models and Methods in Regional Exchange, edited by R. E. Fry, pp. 151–156. Papers No. 1. Society for American Archaeology, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. R., and Orton, C. 1976 Spatial Analysis in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Houston, S. D. 1993 Hieroglyphs and History at Dos Pilas: Dynastic Politics of the Classic Maya. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Inomata, T. 1986 La Venta-dani, Florida-dani (Honduras, Copanshu, Santa Barbara-shu) niokeru Sen-Spain-jidaino Settlement Pattern [in Japanese, Pre-Hispanic Settlement Patterns in the La Venta and Florida valleys, departments of Copán and Santa Barbara, Honduras]. Unpublished Bachelor’s thesis, Department of Archaeology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo.Google Scholar
Inomata, T. 1987 A Spatial Analysis of Late Classic Maya Society: A Case Study of La Entrada, Honduras. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Cultural Anthropology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo.Google Scholar
Johnson, E. A. J. 1970 The Organization of Space in Developing Countries. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Johnson, G. A. 1972 A Test of the Utility of Central Place Theory in Archaeology. In Man, Settlement and Urbanism, edited by P. Ucko, R. Tringham, and G. Dimbleday, pp. 769–786. Duckworth, London.Google Scholar
Johnson, G. A. 1975 Locational Analysis and the Investigation of Uruk Local Exchange System. In Ancient Civilization and Trade, edited by J. Sabloff and C. Lamberg-Karlovsky, pp. 285–339. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Jones, C., Coe, W. R., and Haviland, W. A. 1981 Tikal: An Outline of its Field Study (1956–1970) and a Project Bibliography. In Archaeology, edited by J. Sabloff, pp. 296–312. Supplement to the Handbook of Middle American Indian, vol. 1, V. R. Bricker, general editor. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Joyce, R. A. 1991 Cerro Palenque: Power and Identity on the Maya Periphery. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
King, L. J. 1984 Central Place Theory. Scientific Geography Series, vol. 1, G. I. Thrall, series editor. Sage, Beverly Hills, California.Google Scholar
Lösch, A. 1954 The Economics of Location. Translated by W. H. Woglom. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.Google Scholar
Lothrop, S. K. 1921 The Stone Statues of Nicaragua. American Anthropologist 23:311–319.Google Scholar
McBryde, F. W. 1947 Cultural and Historical Geography of Southwest Guatemala. Institute of Social Anthropology Publication No. 4. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
McKillop, H. I. 1989 Coastal Maya Trade: Obsidian Densities at Wild Cane Cay. In Prehistoric Maya Economies of Belize, edited by P. A. McAnany and B. L. Isaac, pp. 17–56. Research in Economic Anthropology Supplement 4. JAI Press, Greenwich, Connecticut.Google Scholar
Marcus, J. 1973 Territorial Organization of the Lowland Classic Maya. Science 180:911–916.Google Scholar
Marcus, J. 1976 Emblem and State in the Classic Maya Lowlands: An Epigraphic Approach to Territorial Organization. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Marcus, J. 1983 Lowland Maya Archaeology at the Crossroads. American Antiquity 48:454–488.Google Scholar
Marcus, J. 1993 Ancient Maya Political Organization. In Lowland Maya Civilization in the Eighth Century A.D., edited by J. Sabloff and J. Henderson, pp. 111–183. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Martin, S., and Grube, N. 1995 Maya Superstate. Archaeology 48(6):41–46.Google Scholar
Mathews, P. 1991 Classic Maya Emblem Glyphs. In Classic Maya Political History: Hieroglyphic and Archaeological Evidence, edited by T. P. Culbert, pp. 19–29. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Metal Mining Agency and the Japan International Cooperation Agency. 1978 Republic of Honduras: Report on Geological Survey of the Western Area, vol. 1. Government of Japan, Tokyo.Google Scholar
Moholy-Nagy, H., Asaro, F., and Stross, F. 1984 Tikal Obsidian: Sources and Typology. American Antiquity 49:104–117.Google Scholar
Morikawa, H. 1980 Chushinchiron [in Japanese, Central Place Theory]. Taimeido, Tokyo.Google Scholar
Morley, S. G. 1920 The Inscriptions at Copan. Publication No. 219. Carnegie Institution, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Nakamura, S. 1991 Conclusiones. In Investigaciones arqueológicas en la region de La Entrada, tomo 2, edited by S. Nakamura, K. Aoyama, and E. Uratsuji, pp. 251–291. Servicio de Voluntarios Japoneses para la Cooperación con el Extranjero, Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia, San Pedro Sula, Honduras.Google Scholar
Nakamura, S. 1994 Desarrollo y decaimiento en la periferia de Copán. Annals of Latin American Studies 14:39–95. Japan Association for Latin American Studies.Google Scholar
Nakamura, S., Aoyama, K., and Uratsuji, E. (editors) 1991 Investigaciones arqueológicas en la región de La Entrada. 3 tomos. Servicio de Voluntarios Japoneses para la Cooperación con el Extranjero, Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia, San Pedro Sula, Honduras.Google Scholar
Pahl, G. 1977 The Inscriptions of Río Amarillo and Los Higos: Secondary Centers of the South310eastern Maya Frontier. Journal of Latin American Lore 3:133–154.Google Scholar
Pires-Ferreira, J. W. 1976 Obsidian Exchange in Formative Mesoamerica. In The Early Mesoamerican Village, edited by K. V. Flannery, pp. 292–305. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Polanyi, K. 1968 On the Comparative Treatment of Economic Institutions in Antiquity with Illustrations from Athens, Mycenae, and Alalakh. In Primitive, Archaic, and Modern Economies, edited by G. Dalton, pp. 306–334. Anchor Books, Doubleday, Garden City, New York.Google Scholar
Price, B. J. 1978 Secondary State Formation: An Explanatory Model. In Origins of the State: The Anthropology of Political Evolution, edited by R. Cohen and E. R. Service, pp. 161–186. Institute for the Study of Human Issues, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Puleston, D. E. 1974 Intersite Areas in the Vicinity of Tikal and Uaxactun. In Mesoamerican Archaeology: New Approaches, edited by N. Hammond, pp. 303–311. Duckworth, London.Google Scholar
Puleston, D. E., and Callender, D. W. Jr. 1967 Defensive Earthworks at Tikal. Expedition 9(3):40–48.Google Scholar
Rands, R. L. 1967 Ceramic Technology and Trade in the Palenque Region, Mexico. In American Historical Anthropology: Essays in Honor of Leslie Spier, edited by C. Riley and W. Taylor, pp. 137–151. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.Google Scholar
Rands, R. L., and Bishop, R. L. 1980 Resource Procurement Zones and Patterns of Ceramic Exchange in the Palenque Region, Mexico. In Models and Methods in Regional Exchange, edited by R. E. Fry, pp. 19–46. Papers No. 1. Society for American Archaeology, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Renfrew, C. 1975 Trade as Action at a Distance. In Ancient Civilization and Trade, edited by J. A. Sabloff and C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky, pp. 3–59. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Rice, P. M. 1987 Economic Change in the Lowland Maya Late Classic period. In Specialization, Exchange, and Complex Societies, edited by E. M. Brumfiel and T. K. Earle, pp. 76–85. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Richardson, F. 1940 Non-Maya Monumental Sculpture of Central America. In The Maya and Their Neighbors, edited by C. Hay, R. Linton, S. Lothrop, H. Shapiro, and G. Vaillant, pp. 395–416. Dover, New York.Google Scholar
Riese, B. 1988 Epigraphy of the Southeast Zone in Relation to Other Parts of Mesoamerica. In The Southeast Classic Maya Zone, edited by E. H. Boone and G. R. Willey, pp. 67–94. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Robinson, E. J. 1987 Interaction on the Southeast Mesoamerican Frontier: Prehistoric and Historic Honduras and El Salvador. BAR International Series 327. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford.Google Scholar
Rowlands, M. J. 1973 Models of Exchange and the Incentive for Trade, with Reference to Later European Prehistory. In The Explanation of Culture Change: Models in Prehistory, edited by C. Renfrew, pp. 589–600. Duckworth, London.Google Scholar
Sanders, W. T. (editor) 1986–1990 Excavaciones en el área urbana de Copán, tomos I y II. Secretaría de Estado en el Despacho de Cultura y Turismo, Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.Google Scholar
Sanders, W. T., Parsons, J. R., and Santley, R. S. 1979 The Basin of Mexico: Ecological Processes in the Evolution of a Civilization. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Sanders, W. T., and Santley, R. S. 1983 A Tale of Three Cities: Energetics and Urbanization in Pre-Hispanic Central Mexico. In Prehistoric Settlement Patterns: Essays in Honor of Gordon R. Willey, edited by E. Z. Vogt and R. M. Leventhal, pp. 243–291. University of New Mexico Press and Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Sanders, W. T., and Webster, D. 1988 The Mesoamerican Urban Tradition. American Anthropologist 90:521–546.Google Scholar
Sato, E. 1991 Cerámica. In Investigaciones arqueológicas en la región de La Entrada, tomo 2, edited by S. Nakamura, K. Aoyama, and E. Uratsuji, pp. 1–38. Servicio de Voluntarios Japoneses para la Cooperación con el Extranjero, Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia, San Pedro Sula, Honduras.Google Scholar
Scheie, L. 1991 The Inscriptions of La Entrada Region, Copán. In Investigaciones arqueológicas en la región de La Entrada, tomo 2, edited by S. Nakamura, K. Aoyama, and E. Uratsuji, pp. 213–216. Servicio de Voluntarios Japoneses para la Cooperación con el Extranjero, Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia, San Pedro Sula, Honduras.Google Scholar
Scheie, L., and Freidel, D. 1990 A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya. William Morrow, New York.Google Scholar
Schortman, E. M. 1993 Archaeological Investigations in the Lower Motagua Valley, Izabal, Guatemala: A Study in Monumental Site Function and Interaction. Quirigua Reports, vol. 3, R. J. Sharer, general editor. Monograph No. 80. University of Pennsylvania Museum, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Schortman, E., and Nakamura, S. 1991 A Crisis of Identity: Late Classic Competition and Interaction on the Southeast Maya Periphery. Latin American Antiquity 2:311–336.Google Scholar
Secretaría de Comunicaciones, Obras Públicas y Transporte (SECOP) 1986 Guía para investigaciones de Honduras. Secretaría de Comunicaciones, Obras Públicas y Transporte, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.Google Scholar
Sharer, R. 1990 Quiriguá: A Classic Maya Center and Its Sculpture. Carolina Academic Press, Durham, North Carolina.Google Scholar
Sidrys, R. V. 1976 Classic Maya Obsidian Trade. American Antiquity 41:449–464.Google Scholar
Sidrys, R. V. 1977 Mass-Distance Measures for the Maya Obsidian Trade. In Exchange Systems in Prehistory, edited by T. K. Earle and J. E. Ericson, pp. 91–108. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Smith, C. A. 1974 Economics of Marketing Systems: Models from Economic Geography. In Annual Review of Anthropology, vol. 3, edited by B. J. Siegel, pp. 167–201. Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, California.Google Scholar
Smith, C. A. 1975 Examining Stratification System Through Peasant Marketing Arrangements: An Application of Some Models from Economic Geography. Man 10:95–122.Google Scholar
Smith, M. E. 1979 The Aztec Marketing System and Settlement Pattern in the Valley of Mexico: A Central Place Analysis. American Antiquity 44:110–125.Google Scholar
Smith, M. E. 1980 The Role of the Marketing System in Aztec Society and Economy: Reply to Evans. American Antiquity 45:876–883.Google Scholar
Soja, E. W. 1971 The Political Organization of Space. Commission on College Geography Resource Paper No. 8. Association of American Geographers, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Steponaitis, V. P. 1978 Locational Theory and Complex Chiefdoms: A Mississippian Example. In Mississippian Settlement Patterns, edited by B. D. Smith, pp. 417–453. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Stewart, C. T. 1958 The Size and Spacing of Cities. Geographical Review 48:222–245.Google Scholar
Tozzer, A. M. (editor) 1941 Landa’s relación de las cosas de Yucatán [Relation of the Things of Yucatán]. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 18. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Turner, E. S., Turner, N. I., and Adams, R. E. W. 1981 Volumetric Assessment, Rank Ordering, and Maya Civic Centers. In Lowland Maya Settlement Patterns, edited by W. Ashmore, pp. 71–88. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Urban, P., and Schortman, E. M. 1986 The Southeast Maya Periphery. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Welch, D. J. 1989 Late Prehistoric and Early Historic Exchange Patterns in the Phimai Region, Thailand. In Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 20:11–26.Google Scholar
Willey, G. R., Bullard, W., Glass, J., and Gifford, J. 1965 Prehistoric Maya Settlements in the Belize Valley. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 54. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Yde, J. 1938 An Archaeological Reconnaissance of Northeastern Honduras: A Report of the Work of the Tulane University-Danish National Museum Expedition to Central America 1935. Levin and Munksgaard, Copenhagen.Google Scholar