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A Bibliography of Soviet Studies of the Ancient Cultures of Latin America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

V. A. Bashilov
Affiliation:
Institute of Archaeology, Moscow 117036, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics CCCP, Mосквa 117036, yπ. Дм. Yπbяновa, 19, Инcтитyт apxeoπoгии AH CCCP
V. I. Gulyaev
Affiliation:
Institute of Archaeology, Moscow 117036, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics CCCP, Mосквa 117036, yπ. Дм. Yπbяновa, 19, Инcтитyт apxeoπoгии AH CCCP

Abstract

The study in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of the earliest history of native Latin Americans falls into two distinct periods. The first, associated with an interest in the ancient Mexican and Peruvian civilizations, can be divided into two stages: the 1920s to the early 1940s, when Soviet scholars first acquainted themselves with antiquities from the region and used them for historical parallels; and the late 1940s and early 1950s, when Soviet historians turned to an analysis of Latin American materials. The second period went through three stages: the first, from the early 1950s to the early 1960s, mainly was dominated by Yury Knorozov, who was engaged in deciphering the language of the Maya, and Rostislav Kinzhalov, who studied their art and culture. During the second stage, the early 1960s to the mid-1970s, more scholars and research institutions undertook studies of the early cultures of Latin America. The thematic range became wider as well, covering—besides Mesoamerica and the central Andean region—the Intermediate region and the Caribbean. The third stage, which started in the late 1970s and continues to the present day, witnesses ethnographers and archaeologists pooling their efforts in studying the region. There were several conferences in which specialists engaged in various fields of Latin American studies participated. Their contacts with foreign colleagues became wider; Soviet archaeologists and ethnologists took part in fieldwork in Latin America. The primary aims today are to introduce Soviet readers to archaeological materials from a number of cultural-historical regions (such as the southern fringes of Mesoamerica, Amazonia, the southern Andes, etc.), to detail Soviet studies of cultural complexes and historical processes in ancient America, and to compare them to the processes that took place in the Old World, with the aim of establishing shared historical “laws” and patterns.

Es posible dividir los estudios escritos en la Union Soviética sobre la prehistoria indígena latinoamericana en dos distintos períodos. El primer, asociado con el interés en las civilizaciones mexicanas y peruanas antiguas, se puede dividir en dos fases. Entre 1920 y los primeros años de los cuarenta, los arqueólogos y los etnólogos soviéticos se conocieron con las antigüedades de la región y las usaron para hacer las comparaciones históricas con otros áreas culturales. Entonces, durante los años últimos de los cuarenta y los primeros años de los cincuenta, los historiadores soviéticos empezaron analizar las materiales latinoamericanas.

El segundo período incluyó tres fases. La primer, desde el comienzo de los cincuenta hasta la década de los sesenta, fue dominado por Yury Knorozov, que descifraraba la lengua maya, y Rostislav Kinzhalov, que estudiaba el arte y la cultura maya. Durante la segunda fase, desde los primeros años de los sesenta hasta aproximadamente la média de los setenta, más investigadores y institutos académicos y científicos empezaron estudiar las culturas latinoamericanas precontactas. La alcance de témas se hizó más general, también, y cubrió la región intermedia y el Caribe, además de mesoamérica y la región andina central. La tercera fase, que comenzó en las últimas años de los setenta y continua al presente, es caracterizada por las investigaciones cooperativas entre los etnohistoriadores y los arqueólogos para estudiar el área. Las especialistas que trabajan en diversos fondos científicos han participado en varias conferencias y sus contactos con sus cólegas en otras países han aumentado. Arqueólogos y etnólogos soviéticos también han participado en trabajo de campo en latinoamérica.

Hoy día, el interés de los soviéticos en latinoamérica tiene diversos propósitos. Ellos quisieran familiarizar el público soviético con las materiales arqueológicas de distintas regiones culturales-históricas (como la perifería sureña de mesoamérica, la amazona, y la región andina sureña). También, ellos quisieran compilar los estudios soviéticos sobre los complejos culturales y los procesos históricos de latinoamérica prehistórica y comparar estos con los procesos que occurieron en el mundo antiguo para que sea posible establecer las patrones y las leyes históricas mutuas.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 1990

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References

Obras Citadas

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