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The Archaeology of Dual Organization in Andean South America: A Theoretical Review and Case Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jerry D. Moore
Jerry D. Moore*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, 1000 East Victoria Street, Carson, CA 90747
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Abstract

The concept of dualism has become a major theme in archaeological, ethnohistoric, and ethnographic studies of native South American societies. This article reviews use of the concept by archaeologists and ethnohistorians in the Andes, and considers an ethnohistoric and archaeological case from the Nepeña Valley of the Peruvian North Coast. The review shows that various ideas have been described by the terms “dualism” or “dual organization,” and that archaeologists have interpreted paired sets of remains as the material expressions of dualism. The Nepeña Valley data document a paradoxical case in which the power of local lords, who shared rule, was based on dual organizations, and yet the settlement pattern is clearly hierarchical. This suggests that although dual principles may have formed the social syntax of authority, political power—particularly access to labor—was asymmetric, suggesting, in turn, the need to reconsider the relationship between material remains and complex social principles such as dualism in archaeological approaches to prehistoric social and political organizations.

El concepto de dualismo ha sido planteado como un tema fundamental en estudios arqueológicos, etnohistóricos, y etnográficos de las sociedades indígenas sudamericanas. Este artículo examina el uso del concepto por arqueólogos y etnohistoriadores en las zonas andinas, y considera un caso de dualismo etnohistórico y arqueológico en el valle de Nepeña de la costa norte del Perú. El examen demuestra que una variedad de conceptos ha sido descrita por los términos “dualismo” u “organización dual,” y que los arqueólogos han interpretado restos apareados como expresiones materiales del dualismo. Datos procedentes del valle de Nepeña documentan un caso paradójico en el cual el poder de los señores locales, quienes compartieron reinado, se basó en organizaciones duales, pero sin embargo el patrón de asentamiento es claramente jerárquico. Esto sugiere que aunque la autoridad política estuviese organizada por la síntaxis del dualismo, asimismo la distribución del poder político–y en particular el acceso a recursos humanos—fue asimétrico. Esto a su vez plantea la necesidad de reconsiderar la relación entre restos materiales y principios sociales complejos, tales como el dualismo, en esfuerzos arqueológicos para entender las organizaciones sociales y políticas de las sociedades prehispánicas.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 6 , Issue 2 , June 1995 , pp. 165 - 181
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 1995

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References

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