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An Early Classic Colonnaded Building at the Maya Site of Blue Creek, Belize

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

W. David Driver
W. David Driver*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 92601
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Abstract

Investigations of the civic architecture at the Lowland Maya site of Blue Creek, Belize, have documented an Early Classic building with a colonnaded superstructure. Although one of only six such buildings reported from the Maya Lowlands, this architectural form appears to be a variant of a more common type of colonnaded building. An examination of such structures from a site-planning perspective indicates that columns may have been used by the Maya to create buildings that were conducive to movement, and for the conduct and/or viewing of public activities. The present study refutes the commonly held assumption that the use of columns in Maya architecture was limited in both spatial and temporal distribution, and instead shows them to have been widely distributed throughout the Maya Lowlands by the middle of the Classic Period.

En las excavaciones efectuadas en el sitio de Blue Creek en el noroeste de Belice, se intervino un edificio grande de mampostería con columnas que cuenta con una superestructura que data del periodo Clásico Temprano. Hasta ahora únicamente se han reportado otros cinco edificios similares del Clásico, de los cuales tres se localizan en el norte de Yucatán, en el sitio de Aké y en la isla de Cancún. Los restantes se ubican en las tierras bajas del sur en los sitios de Copán y Piedras Negras. De aquellos que han sido fechados, todos son aproximadamente contemporáneos dado que datan de fines del Clásico Temprano y de principios del Clásico Tardío. Aunque esta clase de estructuras son escasas, parecen representar una variante de formas más comunes de palacios con columnatas, que en este artículo se definen como galerías porticadas, mismas que corresponden a una subcategoría de los palacios de tipo galería. En general, estas estructuras se particularizan por la ausencia de muros transversales, con la consecuente creación tanto de cuartos como de corredores largos y abiertos. El análisis de los seis edificios con columnatas desde la perspectiva de la planeación de los sitios, sugiere que es factible realizar una subdivisión en dos categorías funcionales. La primera de éstas, ilustrada por la Estructura O-18 en Piedras Negras, constituye un punto formal de transición entre dos grandes plazas. Hay similitudes con esta clase de arquitectura de transición en una amplia gama de contextos y escenas culturales, incluyendo a los antiguos mayas. La segunda categoría que es más funcional en general, incluye la estructura 1 en Aké, la estructura 1 en Blue Creek, la estructura Chorcha en Copán y dos edificios en un sitio que carece de nombre que se ubica Cancún. Los edificios se caracterizan por el hecho de que el diseño y la ubicación de la plataforma del basamento da énfasis a una orientación única, además de que se observa la creación de cobertizos con vistas sin obstrucción. Esta clase de edificios pudieron constituir puntos de referencia elevados, en los que se llevaban a cabo actividades que requerían numerosos grupos de participantes (audiencias, entrega de obsequios), además de que posibilitarían observar los eventos que se desarrollaban en los espacios públicos adyacentes (juegos de pelota, procesiones). En conclusión, el presente análisis refuta la interpretación común de que fue limitado en tiempo y en espacio el uso de columnas en la arquitectura maya, dado que se demuestra que éstas se distribuyeron ampliamente en las tierras bajas mayas. Las columnas aparecen en una amplia variedad de formas y su uso estaba plenamente establecido hacia fines del periodo Clásico Temprano. Cuando se utilizaban las columnas en las fachadas de varios tipos de galerías en los palacios, dada la naturaleza abierta de las construcciones resultantes, se contaba con importantes puntos de referencia en el espacio para la observación y movimiento para la celebración de rituales públicos.

Type
Reports
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 13 , Issue 1 , March 2002 , pp. 63 - 84
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2002

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