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The Politics of Community and Inka Statecraft in the Colca Valley, Peru

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Steven A. Wernke
Steven A. Wernke*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B #356050, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235 ([email protected])
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Abstract

In this paper I investigate the community-level articulation of imperial and local political structures during the Inka occupation of the Collagua Province, located in the Colca Valley of highland southern Peru. Combined ethnohistorical and archaeological analysis document the emergence of a hybrid imperial/local political formation in the shift from autonomous rule during the Late Intermediate period (A.D. 1000–1450) to the Inka occupation during the Late horizon (A.D. 1450–1532). Documentary evidence reveals considerable but uneven penetration of Inka imperial institutions across the two ranked moieties that structure local community organization, with remarkably close conformity between Inkaic ideals of rank and hierarchy among the communities (ayllus) of the lower moiety, but greater autonomy among the higher-ranking ayllus of the upper moiety. New data from a systematic survey around the provincial capital documents a decentralized Late Intermediate period settlement pattern associated with fortifications, suggesting segmentary autonomous political organization. The subsequent Late horizon settlement pattern signals overall occupational continuity, but with the establishment of an Inka administrative center and the installation of central plazas and Inka structures at large settlements with local elite domestic architecture. The two data sets combined provide a integrated view of centralized, but locally mediated, Inka administration.

Este trabajo investiga la articulación entre las estructuras políticas locales y los imperios en el nivel comunitario durante la ocupación de la provincia inkaica de Collagua, valle del Colca en la sierra sureña del Perú. El análisis etnohistórico y arqueológico conjunto documenta el surgimiento de una formación política híbrida imperial/local sobre un sustrato más autónomo durante la transición del Intermedio Tardío (1000–1450 d.C.) y la ocupación inka durante el Horizonte Tardío (1450–1532 d.C.). La evidencia documental revela una importante pero asimétrica penetración de instituciones inkaicas en las dos moieties que estructuran la organización comunitaria local, indicando, de un lado, una concordancia notable entre los ideales cuzqueños de rango y jerarquía entre las comunidades (ayllus) de la moiety inferior, pero al otro llado, una mayor autonomía entre los ayllus de la moiety superior. Nuevos datos procedentes de una prospección sistemática del área de la capital provincial indica un patrón de asentamiento descentralizado con fortificaciones durante el período Intermedio Tardío, sugiriendo una organización política autónoma segmentaria. El subsecuente patrón de asentamiento del Horizonte Tardío señala continuidad ocupacional pero con el establecimiento de un centro administrativo inkaico y la instalación de plazas centrales y estructuras inkaicas en los asentamientos locales con arquitectura de la elite collagua. El conjunto de las dos clases de datos proporcionan una visión de la administración inkaica centralizada pero mediada por la elite local.

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Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , June 2006 , pp. 177 - 208
Copyright
Copyright © 2006 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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