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Response of fusion plasma-facing materials to nanosecond pulses of extreme ultraviolet radiation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 August 2018

Jaroslav Straus ,
Karel Kolacek Open the ORCID record for Karel Kolacek [Opens in a new window] ,
Jiri Schmidt ,
Oleksandr Frolov ,
Monika Vilemova ,
Jiri Matejicek ,
Ales Jager ,
Libor Juha ,
Martina Toufarova  and
Andrey Choukourov
...Show all authors
Jaroslav Straus
Affiliation:
Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
Karel Kolacek*
Affiliation:
Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
Jiri Schmidt
Affiliation:
Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
Oleksandr Frolov
Affiliation:
Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
Monika Vilemova
Affiliation:
Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
Jiri Matejicek
Affiliation:
Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
Ales Jager
Affiliation:
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
Libor Juha
Affiliation:
Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
Martina Toufarova
Affiliation:
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
Andrey Choukourov
Affiliation:
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
Koichi Kasuya
Affiliation:
Institute of Applied Flow, 3-24-4 Utsukushigaoka-Nishi, Aoba, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-0001, Japan
*
Author for correspondence: Karel Kolacek, Institute of Plasma Physics CAS, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The experimental study of damage to tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), and silicon carbide (SiC) surfaces induced by focused extreme ultraviolet laser radiation (λ ~ 47 nm/~1.5 ns/21–40 µJ) is presented. It was found that W and Mo behaved similarly: during the first shot, the damaged area is covered by melted and re-solidified material, in which circular holes appear – residua of just opened pores/bubbles, from which pressurized gas/vapors escaped. Next cracks and ruptures appear and the W has a tendency to delaminate its surface layer. Contrary, single-crystalline SiC has negligible porosity and sublimates; therefore, no escape of “pressurized” gas and no accompanying effects take place. Moreover, SiC at sublimating temperature decomposes to elements; therefore, the smooth crater morphology can be related to local laser energy density above ablation threshold. When more shots are accumulated, in all three investigated materials, the crater depth increases non-linearly with number of these shots. The surface morphology was investigated by an atomic force microscope, the surface structure was imaged by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the structure below the surface was visualized by SEM directed into a trench that is milled by focused ion beam. Additionally, structural changes in SiC were revealed by Raman spectroscopy.

Keywords

Interaction of XUV with matterplasma-facing materialsXUV radiation resistance
Type
Research Article
Information
Laser and Particle Beams , Volume 36 , Issue 3 , September 2018 , pp. 293 - 307
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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