Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T00:31:35.729Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Identification and formation mechanism of the transient ion fragments produced in laser-induced dissociation of 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 September 2018

Wei Zhang Open the ORCID record for Wei Zhang [Opens in a new window] ,
Lirong Bao ,
Kexin Jiang ,
Anran Shi ,
Ruiqi Shen  and
Yinghua Ye Open the ORCID record for Yinghua Ye [Opens in a new window]
Wei Zhang*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Lirong Bao
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Kexin Jiang
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Anran Shi
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Ruiqi Shen
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Yinghua Ye
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
*
Author for correspondence: Wei Zhang, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Detailed knowledge of dissociation behavior and dissociation products is necessary to understand the stability, sensitivity, and the reactive mechanism of explosives under laser initiation. A time-of-flight mass spectrometer was utilized to detect the transient products of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) produced under 532 nm pulse laser ablation, the possible attribution of intermediate ion fragments were confirmed. The laser fluence threshold for detectable fragments is about 3.6 J/cm2. The peak intensities of main ions (CN, CNO/C2H4N, NO2, C2N2O, HCN, C2NH2, etc.) increase with the increasing of laser fluence, and reach the maximum at 11.5 J/cm2. Moreover, time-depend changes of ion intensity indicate that the type and degree of reactions are different in different periods. According to the molecular structure of FOX-7 and the intermediate ions, the laser-induced dissociation mechanisms were proposed to illustrate the cause of the fragments which might throw some light on the laser initiation of FOX-7.

Keywords

dissociation mechanismFOX-7TOFMSion fragmentslaser dissociation
Type
Research Article
Information
Laser and Particle Beams , Volume 36 , Issue 3 , September 2018 , pp. 308 - 312
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Badgujar, DM, Talawar, MB and Mahulikar, PP (2017) Review of promising insensitive energetic materials. Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mat. 14, 821–843.Google Scholar
Carter, S, Fisher, AS, Goodall, PS, Hinds, MW, Lancaster, S and Shore, S (2011) Atomic spectrometry update. Industrial analysis: metals, chemicals and advanced materials. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 26, 2319–2372.Google Scholar
Civiš, M, Civiš, S, Sovová, K, Dryahina, K, Španěl, P and Kyncl, M (2011) Laser ablation of FOX-7: proposed mechanism of decomposition. Anal. Chem. 83, 1069–1077.Google Scholar
Civiš, S, Civiš, M, Sovová, K, Dryahina, K, Kubišta, J, Skřehot, P, Španěl, P and Kyncl, M (2016) Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry analyses of laser decomposition products of a range of explosives and ballistic propellants. Anal. Methods 8, 1145–1150.Google Scholar
Dang, NC, Gottfried, JL and De Lucia, FC (2017) Energetic material response to ultrafast indirect laser heating. Appl. Opt. 56, B85–B91.Google Scholar
Dreger, ZA, Tao, Y and Gupta, YM (2016) Phase diagram and decomposition of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene single crystals at high pressures and temperatures. J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 11092–11098.Google Scholar
Fang, X and McLuckie, WG (2015) Laser ignitibility of insensitive secondary explosive 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7). J. Hazard. Mater. 285, 375–382.Google Scholar
Gao, H and Shreeve, JNM (2016) Recent progress in taming FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene). RSC Adv. 6, 56271–56277.Google Scholar
Gao, B, Wu, P, Huang, B, Wang, J, Qiao, Z, Yang, G and Nie, F (2014) Preparation and characterization of nano-1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) explosive. New J. Chem. 38, 2334–2341.Google Scholar
Gottfried, JL (2012) Laser-induced plasma chemistry of the explosive RDX with various metallic nanoparticles. Appl. Opt. 51, B13–B21.Google Scholar
Hunter, S, Coster, PL, Davidson, AJ, Millar, DIA, Parker, SF, Marshall, WG, Smith, RI, Morrison, CA and Pulham, CR (2015) High-pressure experimental and DFT-D structural studies of the energetic material FOX-7. J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 2322–2334.Google Scholar
Madeira, CL, Speet, SA, Nieto, CA, Abrell, L, Chorover, J, Sierra-Alvarez, R and Field, JA (2017) Sequential anaerobic-aerobic biodegradation of emerging insensitive munitions compound 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO). Chemosphere 167, 478–484.Google Scholar
Myers, TW, Brown, KE, Chavez, DE, Scharff, RJ and Veauthier, JM (2017) Laser initiation of Fe(II) complexes of 4-nitro-pyrazolyl substituted tetrazine ligands. Inorg. Chem. 56, 2297–2303.Google Scholar
Pagoria, P, Zhang, M-X, Zuckerman, N, Lee, G, Mitchell, A, DeHope, A, Gash, A, Coon, C and Gallagher, P (2018) Synthetic studies of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine- 1-oxide (LLM-105) from discovery to multi-kilogram scale. Propell. Explos. Pyrotech. 43, 15–27.Google Scholar
Szimhardt, N, Wurzenberger, MHH, Beringer, A, Daumann, LJ and Stierstorfer, J (2017) Coordination chemistry with 1-methyl-5H-tetrazole: cocrystallization, laser-ignition, lead-free primary explosives – one ligand, three goals. J. Mater. Chem. A 5, 23753–23765.Google Scholar
Todde, G, Jha, SK, Subramanian, G and Shukla, MK (2018) Adsorption of TNT, DNAN, NTO, FOX7, and NQ onto cellulose, chitin, and cellulose triacetate. Insights from Density Functional Theory calculations. Surf. Sci. 668, 54–60.Google Scholar
Viswanath, DS, Ghosh, TK and Boddu, VM (2018) Emerging energetic materials: synthesis, physicochemical, and detonation properties. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Wuxi, X, Yu, Z, Wei, Z, Yunfei, L, Xuezhong, F, Bozhou, W, Wei, H and Qi-Long, Y (2018) Sensitivity and stability improvements of nepe propellants by inclusion of FOX-7. Propell. Explos. Pyrotech. 43, 308–314.Google Scholar
Yan, Z, Liu, W, Jiang, Y, Xie, Y, Zhang, C, Wang, J, Zhou, G, Yang, L, Xiang, X, Li, X, Liao, W, Wang, H, Li, J, Tan, B, Huang, M, Yang, Z, Li, Z, Li, L, Li, M, Yuan, X and Zu, X (2018) Laser initiation of RDX crystal slice under ultraviolet and near-infrared irradiations. Combust. Flame 190, 112–118.Google Scholar
Zeng, Z and Bernstein, ER (2016) Photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory studies of N-rich energetic materials. J. Chem. Phys. 145, 164302.Google Scholar
Zhang, W, Shen, R, Wu, L, Ye, Y, Hu, Y and Zhu, P (2013) The formation mechanism of clusters produced by laser ablation of solid sodium azide. Laser Phys. Lett. 10, 026002.Google Scholar
Zhang, W, Ma, X, Shen, R, Wu, L, Ye, Y, Hu, Y and Zhu, P (2014) Progress on laser-induced decomposition of explosives investigated by spectroscopic methods. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 49, 550–563.Google Scholar
Zhang, Y, Sun, Q, Xu, K, Song, J and Zhao, F (2016) Review on the reactivity of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7). Propell. Explos. Pyrotech. 41, 35–52.Google Scholar
Zhang, W, Shen, R, Ye, Y, Wu, L, Zhu, P and Hu, Y (2017) Distribution and formation of particles produced by laser ablation of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine. Laser Part. Beams 35, 1–6.Google Scholar