Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T20:35:59.788Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

From laser produced Debye layers in plasma to a theory of nuclear forces and quark-gluon plasmas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2006

HEINRICH HORA
HEINRICH HORA
Affiliation:
Department of Theoretical Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A new theory for the nuclear forces for confining the nucleons in a nucleus was derived from a generalization of the Debye layer as known from the plasma ablation at laser irradiation where the temperature is substituted by the Fermi energy of the statistics of nucleons. The first convincing proof is by using the empirical density of the nucleons defining their Fermi energy to arrive at a Debye length of about 3 fm as measured by Hofstadter for the decay of the nucleon density at the surface of heavy nuclei. Taking then the surface tension of plasmas with the same steps of substituting temperature by Fermi energy, the surface energy of nuclei is always too small against the nucleon enthalpy to confine the nucleons until equilibrium is reduced at about such high densities reproducing the well known radii of nuclei. The Hofstadter decay can be interpreted as the inhomogeneous wave of the nucleons by Wigner scattering at the nuclear surface similar to the Goos-Haenchen effect. By this way, nuclei are possible only until uranium or curium by a Boltzmann equilibrium process explaining the endothermic generation of heavy nuclei. At about six times higher nucleon density, the Fermi statistics changes into its relativistic branch resulting in a surface energy always smaller than before, and the mass and density independence indicates that one cannot distinguish between the state as in a neutron star or as a quark-gluon plasma. The steps from the ablation of laser produced plasma via a quantum theory of the surface tension in metals to the new nuclear force theory are explained. A consideration of the magic numbers indicates a quark-shell structure of nuclei.

Keywords

Degenerate electronsEndothermic element synthesisLaser produced plasmasMagic numbersQuark gluon plasmaTheory of nuclei and nucleation
Type
Research Article
Information
Laser and Particle Beams , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , March 2006 , pp. 35 - 40
Copyright
© 2006 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Badziak, J., Glowacz, S., Jablonski, S., Parys, P., Wolowski, J. & Hora, H. (2005). Laser-driven generation of high-current ion beams using skin-layer ponderomotive acceleration. Laser Part. Beams 23, 401–409.Google Scholar
Bagge, E. (1948). The shell structure of nuclei. Naturwissenschaften 35, 375–375.Google Scholar
Carter, J.L. & Hora, H. (1971). Total reflection of matter waves-Goos-Haenchen effect for grazing incidence. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 1640–1645.Google Scholar
Chauvat, D., Bonnet, C., Dunseath, K., Emile, O. & Le Floch, A. (2005). Timing the total reflection of light. Phys. Lett. A 336, 271–273.Google Scholar
Chen, H. & Wilks, S.C. (2005). Evidence of enhanced effective hot electron temperatures in ultraintense laser-solid interactions due to reflexing. Laser Part. Beams 23, 411–416.Google Scholar
Eliezer, S., Ghatak, A.J., Hora, H. & Teller, E. (2002). Fundamentals of Equations of State. Singapore: World Scientific.
Eliezer, S. & Hora, H. (1989). Double-layers in laser-produced plasmas. Phys. Rep.-Rev. 172, 339–407.Google Scholar
Glowacz, S., Hora, H., Badziak, J., Jablonski, S., Cang, Yu. & Osman, F. (2006). Analytical description of rippling effect and ion acceleration in plasma produced by a short laser pulse. Laser Part. Beam 24, 15.Google Scholar
Greschik, F. & Kull, H. (2004). Two-dimensional PIC simulation of atomic clusters in intense laser fields. Laser Part. Beams 22, 137–145.Google Scholar
Hahn, B., Ravenhall, D.G. & Hofstadter, R. (1956). High-energy electron scattering and the charge distributions of selected nuclei. Phys. Rev. 101, 1131–1142.Google Scholar
Haxel, O., Jensen, J.H.D. & Suess, H.E. (1950). Modellmassige deutung der ausgezeichneten nukleonenzahlen im kernbau. Zeitschr. F. Phys. 128, 295–311.Google Scholar
Hofstadter, R. & Collard, H.R. (1967). Landolt-Bornstein zahlenwerte und funktionen, neue serie (Schopper, H., Ed.), Vol. 2, p. 21. Heidelberg: Springer.
Hora, H. (1960). On the side shift at total reflection of matter waves. Optik 17, 409–415.Google Scholar
Hora, H. (1969). Nonlinear confining and deconfining forces associated with interaction of laser radiation with plasma. Phys. Fluids 12, 182–187.Google Scholar
Hora, H. (1991a). Plasma model for surface tension of nuclei and the phase transition to the quark plasma. Report Cern-Ps/Dl-Nota91/05, August.
Hora, H. (1991b). Plasmas at High Temperature and Density. Heidelberg: Springer.
Hora, H. (2000). Laser Plasma Physics: Forces and the Nonlinearity Principle. Bellingham, WA: Spie Press.
Hora, H. (2004). Developments in inertial fusion energy and beam fusion at magnetic confinement. Laser Part. Beams 22, 439–449.Google Scholar
Hora, H. (2005). Difference between relaivistic petawatt-picosecond laser plasma interaction and subrelativistic plasma-block generation. Laser Part. Beam 23, 441–451.Google Scholar
Hora, H. & Miley, G.H. (2005). Edward Teller Lectures: Laser and Inertial Fusion Energy. pp. 103–113. London: Imperial College Press.
Hora, H., Miley, G.H. & Osman, F. (2005). Boltzmann equilibrium of endothermic heavy nuclear synthesis in the universe and quark relation to the magic numbers. Astrophys. Space Sci. 298, 247–253.Google Scholar
Hora, H., Min, G., Eliezer, S., Lalousis, P., Pease, R.S. & Szichman, H. (1989). On the surface-tension of plasmas. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 17, 284–289.Google Scholar
Jablonski, S., Hora, H., Glowacz, S., Badziak, J., Cang, Yu. & Osman, F. (2005). Two-fluid computations of plasma block dynamics for numerical analyze of rippling effect. Laser Part. Beams 23, 433–440.Google Scholar
Klimo, O. & Limpouch, J. (2006). Particle simulation of acceleration of quasineutral plasma blocks by short laser pulses. Laser Part. Beams 24, 107–112.Google Scholar
Lang, N.D. & Kohn, W. (1970). Theory of metal surfaces—charge density and surface energy. Phys. Rev. B 1, 4555–4563.Google Scholar
Li, Xz., Liu, B., Chen, S., Wei, QM. & Hora, H. (2004). Fusion cross-sections for inertial fusion energy. Laser Part. Beams 22, 469–477.Google Scholar
Limpouch, J., Klimo, O., Bina, V. & Kawata, S. (2004). Numerical studies on the ultrashort pulse K-alpha emission sources based on femtosecond laser-target interactions. Laser Part. Beams 22, 147–156.Google Scholar
Osman, F., Ghahramani, N. & Hora, H. (2005). Debye sheath mechanism at laser plasma interaction and generalization to nuclear forces and quark-gluon plasma. Laser Part. Beams 23, 461–466.Google Scholar
Osman, F., Cang, Y., Hora, H., Cao, Lh., Liu, H., Badziak, J., Parys, A.B., Wolowski, J., Woryna, E., Jungwirth, K., Kralikova, B., Krasa, J., Laska, L., Pfeifer, M., Rohlena, K., Skala, J. & Ullschmied, J. (2004). Skin depth plasma front interaction mechanism with prepulse suppression to avoid relativistic self-focusing for high-gain laser fusion. Laser Part. Beams 22, 83–87.Google Scholar
Rauscher, T., Applegate, J.H., Cowan, J.J., Thielemann, F.K. & Wiescher, M. (1994). Production of heavy-elements in inhomogeneous cosmologies. Astrophys. J. 429, 499–530.Google Scholar
Tzallas, P., Charalambidis, D., Papadogiannis, N.A., Witte, K. & Tsakiris, G.D. (2003). Direct observation of attosecond light bunching. Nature 426, 267–271.Google Scholar
Wigner, E.P. (1955). Lower limit for the energy derivative of the scattering phase shift. Phys. Rev. 98, 145–147.Google Scholar
Wilks, S.C., Kruer, W.L, Tabak, M. & Langdon, A.B. (1992). Absorption of ultra-intense laser-pulses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1383–1386.Google Scholar
Wilks, S.C., Langdon, A.B., Cowan, T.E., Roth, M, Singh, M., Hatchett, S., Key, M.H., Pennington, D., Mackinnon, A. & Snavely, R.A. (2001). Energetic proton generation in ultra-intense laser-solid interactions. Phys. Plasmas 8, 542–549.Google Scholar