Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T00:14:20.351Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Laser ablation of ion irradiated CR-39

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

SHAZIA BASHIR ,
M. SHAHID RAFIQUE  and
FAIZAN UL-HAQ
SHAZIA BASHIR
Affiliation:
Centre for Advanced studies in Physics, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
M. SHAHID RAFIQUE
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
FAIZAN UL-HAQ
Affiliation:
Centre for Advanced studies in Physics, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effects of multiple pulses of a CO2 laser with energy of 2.5 J and pulse duration of 200 ns on the surface morphology of ion irradiated CR-39 is investigated in light of the modification in its track registration properties. For this purpose, a CR-39 was exposed by a CO2 laser generated hydrogen, argon, cadmium, air molecular ions (N2 and O2, etc.), high energy (300 KeV) proton beam from Cock Croft Walton accelerator, and α (5 MeV) from 0.5 μCi Pu239 source. The registered tracks were enlarged after 6 h of 6.25 N NaOH etching. These etched detectors were then exposed to different number of CO2 laser shots. The etched detectors were then analyzed by a computer controlled optical microscope (Lexica DMR series). It was observed that even a single shot of CO2 laser, irrespective of the registered ions tracks, can change the track registration properties of CR-39, and can remove the vaporization resistant skin present on the polymer (CR-39). A significant change in track density and track shaping regardless of the ions is observed. At the outside of the focal area, the ion density of different registered tracks is compared graphically before and after laser irradiation. Laser ablation of unexposed CR-39 is also done with multiple pulses CO2 laser. In this regard, the coherent and non-coherent structures, diffraction patterns, circular fringes with corrugations and ripples, droplets, chain like structures with cluster formation, chain folded crystallites, and hole drilling were observed. The irradiation induced ablation of the polymer is of great importance in electronics industry, lithography, etc.

Keywords

AblationCO2 laserCR-39DepolymerizationIon Tracks registration
Type
Research Article
Information
Laser and Particle Beams , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , March 2007 , pp. 181 - 191
Copyright
© 2007 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allmen, M.V. (1987). Laser-Beam Interactions with Materials. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Alti, K. & Khare, A. (2006). Low-energy low-divergence pulsed indium atomic beam by laser ablation. Laser Part. Beams 24, 47–53.Google Scholar
Anwar, S.M., Latif, A., Iqbal, M., Rafique, S.M., Khaleeq-ur-Rahman, M. & Siddique, S. (2006). Theoretical model for heat conduction in metals during ultra short laser pulse. Laser Part. Beams 24, 347–353.Google Scholar
Bauerle, D. (1996). Laser Processing and Chemistry. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Beilis, I.I. (2007). Laser plasma generation and plasma interaction with ablative target. Laser Part. Beams 25, 53–63.Google Scholar
Bicham, S.R. & Sievers, A.J. (1991). Intrinsic localized modes in a monatomic lattice with weakly anharminc nearest-neighbour force constants. Phys. Rev. B 43, 2339–2346.Google Scholar
Bower, D.I. (2002). An Introduction to Polymer Physics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Bussoli, M., Batani, D., Desai, T., Canova, F., Milani, M., Trtica, M., Gakovic, B. & Krouski, E. (2007). Study of laser induced ablation with fib devices. Laser Part. Beams 25, 121–125.Google Scholar
Cain, S.R., Burns, F.C., Otis, C.E. & Baren, B. (1992). Photothermal description of polymer ablation: Absorption behavior and degradation time scales. J. Appl. Phys. 72, 5172–5178.Google Scholar
Duley, W.W. (1996). UV Lasers Effects and Applications in Material Science. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Fernandez, J.C., Hegelich, B.M., Cobble, J.A., Flippo, K.A., Letzring, S.A., Johnson, R.P., Gautier, D.C., Shimada, T., Kyrala, G.A., Wang, Y.Q., Wetteland, C.J. & Schreiber, J. (2005). Laser-ablation treatment of short-pulse laser targets: Towards an experimental program on energetic-ion interactions with dense plasmas. Laser Part. Beams 23, 267–273.Google Scholar
Gamaly, E.G., Luther-Davies, B., Kolev, V.Z., Madsen, N.R., Duering, M. & Rode, A.V. (2005). Ablation of metals with picosecond laser pulses: Evidence of long-lived non-equilibrium surface states. Laser Part. Beams 23, 167–176.Google Scholar
Gaponov, A.V., Lomov A.S., Osipio V. & Rabinovich, M.I. (1989). Dynamics and evolution in non-linear waves. Heidelberg: Springer.
Haken, H. (1978). Synergetics: An Introduction, Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions and Self-Organization in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Heidelberg: Springer.
Himmelbaur, M., Arnold, N., Yaren, B., Bityurin, N., Arenholz, E. & Baüerle, D. (1997). UV-laser-induced periodic surface structures on polymide. Appl. Phy. A 64, 451.Google Scholar
Huadong, G. & Gregory, A.V. (1992). A computer simulation method for studying the ablation of polymer surfaces by ultraviolet laser radiation. J. Appl. Phys. 71, 1415–1420.Google Scholar
Jarad, F.A., Durrani, S.M.A. & Islam, M.A. (1993). CO2 pulsed laser effect on CR-39 registration properties. Nucl. Inst. Meth, B 74, 419–425.Google Scholar
John, C.M. & Haglund, R.F. Jr. (1998). Laser Ablation and Desorption. New York: Academic Press.
Korero, G. (1988). Plume temperature in the laser ablation of polyimide films measured by infrared emission spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. B 46, 147.Google Scholar
Kukreja, L. M. & Hess, P. (1994). Time evolution of laser-induced polymer ablation studied by attenuation of a probe HeNe laser beam. Appl. Surf. Sci. 79–80, 158–164.Google Scholar
Kukreja, L. M. (1991). Studies on laser-induced irreversible surface softening in a thermoset polymer of allyl diglycol carbonate (CR-39) J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 42, 115–125.Google Scholar
Miotello, A., Kelly, R., Braren, B. & Otis, C.E. (1992). Novel geometrical effects observed in debris when polymers are laser sputtered. Appl. Phys. Letts. 61, 2784–2786.Google Scholar
Nakai, T., Hattori, K., Okano, A., Richard, N.I. & Haglund, F. Jr. (1991). Nonthermal laser sputtering from solid surfaces. Nucl. Inst. Meth. B 58, 452–462.Google Scholar
Nicolis, G. & Prigogine, I. (1977). Self-Organization in Non-Equilibrium Systems. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Nivis, Y., Piereux, J.J., Brezini, A., Petit E., Caudano, R., Lutgen, P., Feyder, G., &Lazare, S. (1998). Structural origin of surface morphological modifications developed on poly (ethylene terephthalate) by excimer laser photoablation. J. Appl. Phys. 64, 365–370.Google Scholar
Page, J.B. Jr. (1974). Defect induced resonance modes in asymptotic limit of low frequencies: Isotope effects and amplitude patterns. Phys. Rev. B 10, 719–738.Google Scholar
Rafique, M.S., Khaleeq-ur-Rahman, M., Khurram Siraj, M.S.A., Faryaal, M. & Afshan, A. (2005). Angulr distribution and forward peaking of laser produced plasma ions. Laser Part. Beams 23, 131–135.Google Scholar
Rubhn, H.G. (1999). Laser Applications in Surface Science Technology. London: John Wiley & Sons.
Schade, W., Bohling, C., Hohmann, K. & Scheel, D. (2006). Laser-induced plasma spectroscopy for mine detection and verification. Laser Part. Beams 24, 241–247.Google Scholar
Shahid, S., Rafique, M.S., Khaleeq-ur-Rahman, M., Ghauri, I.M. & Faizan-ul-Haq (2004). Effect of CO2 laser irradiation on the track registration properties of CR-39. http://www.epsppd.epfl.ch/London/pdf/P5_045.pdf.
Sirinivasan, R. (1993). Ablation of polyimide (KaptonTM) films by pulsed (ns) ultraviolet and infrared (9.17 μm) lasers. Appl. Phys. A 56, 417–423.Google Scholar
Sirinivasan, R., Braren, B. & Kelly, G. (1990). Nature of “incubation pulses” in the ultraviolet laser ablation of polymethyl methacrylate J. Appl. Phy. 68, 1842–1847.Google Scholar
Sumiyoshi, T., Nioimiya, Y., Ogasawara, H., Obara, M.A. & Tanaka, H. (1994). Efficient ablation of organic polymers polyether sulphone and polyether ether ketone by a TEA CO2 laser with high perforation ability. Appl. Phys. A 58, 475–479.Google Scholar
Sutcliffe, E. & Srinivasan, R. (1986). Dynamics of UV laser ablation of organic polymer surfaces. J. Appl. Phys. 60, 3315.Google Scholar
Thareja, R.K. & Sharma, A.K. (2006). Reactive pulsed laser ablation: Plasma studies. Laser Part. Beams 24, 311–320.Google Scholar
Trusso, S., Barletta, E., Barreca, F., Fazio, E. & Neri, F. (2005). Time resolved imaging studies of the plasma produced by laser ablation of silicon in O2/Ar atmosphere. Laser Part. Beams 23, 149–153.Google Scholar
Veiko, V.P., Shakhno, E.A., Smirnov, V.N., Miaskovski, A.M. & Nikishin, G.D. (2006). Laser-induced film deposition by LIFT: Physical mechanisms and applications. Laser Part. Beams 24, 203–209.Google Scholar
Wieger, V., Strassl, M. & Wintner, E. (2006). Pico- and microsecond laser ablation of dental restorative materials. Laser Part. Beams 24, 41–45.Google Scholar
Zweig, A.D. & Deutsch, T.F. (1992). Shock waves generated by confined XeCl excimer laser ablation of polyimide. Appl. Phys. B 54, 76–82.Google Scholar