Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T23:03:04.975Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A sociotonetic analysis of Sui dialect contact

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2008

James N. Stanford
Affiliation:
Dartmouth College

Abstract

Sui clan exogamy can serve as a laboratory for investigation of dialect contact and immigration. The Sui people, an indigenous minority of southwest China, have marriage customs requiring that a wife and husband have different clan origins, and the wife permanently immigrates to the husband's village at the time of marriage. Due to subtle interclan dialect variation, a married woman may have different dialect features than her husband and other local villagers. This study presents an acoustic analysis of such clan-level variation in lexical tone, a sociotonetic analysis. Results show that the immigrant women maintain the tone variants of their home clan dialects to a high degree despite spending a decade or more in the husband's village, thus illustrating a case where linguistic identity is maintained in the face of close, long-term contact.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aikhenvald, Alexandra. (2002). Language contact in Amazonia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Asahi, Yoshiyuki. (2002). Factors controlling the perception of new town with a language variety: Evidence from Seishin New Town. Paper presented at Eleventh International Conference on Methods in Dialectology (Methods XI). University of Joensuu, North Karelia, Finland.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Elizabeth, & Therneau, Terry(Mayo Foundation). (2000). An introduction to recursive partitioning using the RPART routines. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Baken, Ronald. J. (1987). Clinical measurement of speech and voice. Boston: College Hill Press.Google Scholar
Bortoni-Ricardo, Stella M. (1985). The urbanization of rural dialect speakers: A sociolinguistic study in Brazil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Breiman, L., Friedman, J. H., Olshen, R., & Stone, C. (1983). Classification and regression trees. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Britain, David. (2002). Diffusion, leveling, simplification and reallocation in past tense BE in the English Fens. Journal of Sociolinguistics 6(1):1643.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burusphat, Somsonge, Wei, Xuechun, & Edmondson, Jerold A. (2003). Sui (Shui) Chinese-Thai Dictionary. Bangkok: Mahidol University. (Sui, Chinese, and English entries by Wei & Edmondson).Google Scholar
Chambers, J. K. (1992). Dialect acquisition. Language 68(4):673705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, Yuan. R. (1930). A system of tone letters. La Maitre Phonetique 45:2427.Google Scholar
Chasaide, Ailbhe, & Gobl, Christer. (1993). Contextual variation of the vowel voice source as a function of adjacent consonants. Language and Speech 36 (2,3):303330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheng, Chin-Chuan. (1977). Tonal correlations in Chinese dialects: A quantitative study. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 7(2):115128.Google Scholar
Clarke, Sandra. (forthcoming). Sociolinguistic stratification and new dialect formation in an aboriginal Canadian community: Not so different after all? In Stanford, J. & Preston, D. (eds.), Variation in indigenous minority languages. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Conn, Jeffrey, & Horesh, Uri. (2002). Assessing the acquisition of dialect variables by immigrant adults in Philadelphia: A case study. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 8.3.Google Scholar
Dyer, Judy. (2002). “We all speak the same round here”: Dialect levelling in a Scottish-English community. Journal of Sociolinguistics 6(1):99116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edmondson, Jerold A., Esling, John H., Harris, Jimmy G., & Wei, James. (2004). A phonetic study of Sui consonants and tones. Mon-Khmer Studies 34:4766.Google Scholar
Edmondson, Jerold A., & Solnit, David B. (eds.) (1988). Comparative Kadai: Linguistic studies beyond Tai. Dallas, TX: SIL.Google Scholar
Fagyal, Zsuzsanna, & Thomas, Erik (forthcoming). Social aspects of the music of speech. Special issue on intonation. Journal of Sociolinguistics.Google Scholar
Fromkin, Victoria. (1978). Tone: A linguistic survey. New York: Academic.Google Scholar
Gomez Imbert, Elsa. (1986). Since we speak differently, do you want to marry me? Glotta 1(3):1822.Google Scholar
Gordon, Matthew. (2000). Phonological correlates of ethnic identity: Evidence of divergence? American Speech 75(2):115136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grabe, Esther. (2004). Intonational variation in urban dialects of English spoken in the British Isles. In Gilles, P. and Peters, J. (eds.) Regional variation in intonation. Tuebingen: Niemeyer. 931.Google Scholar
Grabe, Esther, Post, Brechthe, Nolan, Francis, & Farrar, Kimberly. (2000). Pitch accent realization in four varieties of British English. Journal of Phonetics 28:161185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grimes, Barbara. (1985). Language attitudes: identity, distinctiveness, survival in the Vaupes. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 6(5):389401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haas, Mary. (1958). The tones of four Tai dialects. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica (Taipei) 29:817826.Google Scholar
Hart, Johan T., Collier, René, & Cohen, Antonie. (1990). A perceptual study of intonation: An experimental approach to speech melody. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, Jiquan, Chaofeng, Pan, & Zhiyang, Liu. (1992). Shuizu minsu tanyou (Exploring folk customs of the Sui people). Chengdu, China: Sichuan Minorities Publishing.Google Scholar
Hombert, Jean-Marie. (1978). Consonant types, vowel quality, and tone. In Fromkin, V. A. (ed.), Tone: A linguistic survey. New York: Academic Press. 77111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hombert, Jean-Marie, Ohala, John J., & Ewan, William G. (1979). Phonetic explanations for the development of tones. Language 55(1):3758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
House, A., & Fairbanks, G. (1953). The influence of consonant environment upon the secondary acoustical characteristics of vowels, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 25:105113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Jean E. (1974). Language identity of the Colombian Vaupes Indians. In Bauman, R. and Sherzer, J. (eds.), Explorations in the ethnography of speaking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5064.Google Scholar
Jackson, Jean E. (1983). The fish people: Linguistic exogamy and Tukanoan identity in Northwest Amazonia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Keith. (2003). Acoustic and auditory phonetics. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Kerswill, Paul. (1994). Dialects converging: Rural speech in urban Norway. Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerswill, Paul, & Williams, Ann. (2000). Creating a New Town koine: Children and language change in Milton Keynes. Language in Society 29(1):65115.Google Scholar
Labov, William. (1966). The Social Stratification of English in New York City. Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.Google Scholar
Labov, William. (1972). Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Labov, William. (1980). Locating language in time and space. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ladefoged, Peter. (2003). Phonetic data analysis: An introduction to fieldwork and instrumental techniques. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Le Page, Robert B., & Tabouret-Keller, Andree. (1985). Acts of identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Li, Fang Kuei. (1948). The distribution of initials and tones in the Sui language. Language 24:160167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Fang Kuei. (1977). A study of the Sui language: Texts and translations. Special Publication No. 79. Institute of History and Philology. Taipei, Taiwan: Academia Sinica.Google Scholar
Luo, Shiwu (ed.). (1992). Sandu Shuizu Zizhixian Zhi (Sandu Sui Autonomous County Journal). Guizhou: Guizhou People's Publishing.Google Scholar
Milroy, Lesley. (2002). Introduction: Mobility, contact and language change—working with contemporary speech communities. Journal of Sociolinguistics 6(1):315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, Murray, Derwing, Tracey, & Flege, James (1999). Canadians in Alabama: A perceptual study of dialect acquisition in adults. Journal of Phonetics 27:385403.Google Scholar
Ochs, Elinor, & Schieffelin, Bambi (1984). Language Acquisition and Socialization: Three Developmental Stories and Their Implications. In Shweder, R. and Levine, R. A. (eds.), Culture Theory: Essays on mind, self, and emotion. New York: Cambridge University Press. 276320.Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. (1978). The production of tone. In Fromkin, V. (ed.), Tone: A linguistic survey. New York: Academic Press. 539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pan, Yizhi. (1981). Shuizu Shehui Lishi Ziliaogao (Historical Materials of Sui Society). Guangxi, China: Sandu Autonomous Sui County Culture and History Research Group.Google Scholar
Payne, Arvilla. (1976). The acquisition of a phonological system of a second dialect. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Pei, Hangang. (1992). Qiannan Lishi yu Wenhua (Qiannan History and Culture). Guizhou, China: Guizhou People's Publishing.Google Scholar
Rau, Victoria, Chang, Hui-Huan Ann, & Dong, Maa-Neu (forthcoming). In Stanford, J. & Preston, D. (eds.), Variation in indigenous minority languages. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Rose, Philip. (1987). Considerations in the normalization of the fundamental frequency of linguistic tone. Speech Communication 6:343351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, Philip. (1990). Acoustics and phonology of complex tone sandhi. Phonetica 47:135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, Philip. (1991). How effective are long term mean and standard deviation as normal parameters for tonal fundamental frequency? Speech Communication 10(3):229247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, Philip. (1993). A linguistic-phonetic acoustic analysis of Shanghai tones. Australian Journal of Linguistics 13:185220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, Philip. (1994). Any advance on eleven? Linguistic tonetic contrast in a bidialectal Thai speaker. In Togneri, R. (ed.), Proceedings of the 5th Australian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology. Canberra City: Australian Speech Science and Technology Association. 132137.Google Scholar
Rose, Philip. (1997). A seven-tone dialect in Southern Thai with super high: Pakphanang tonal acoustics and physiological inferences. In Abramson, A. (ed.), Southeast Asian linguistics studies in honour of Vichin Panupong. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press. 191208.Google Scholar
Ross, Elliott D., Edmondson, Jerold A., & Seibert, G. Burton. (1986). The effect of affect on various acoustic measures of prosody in tone and non-tone languages: A comparison based on computer analysis of voice. Journal of Phonetics 14(2):283302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, Gillian. (2004). Adolescents, young adults, and the critical period: Two case studies from “Seven Up.” In Fought, C. (ed.), Sociolinguistic variation: Critical reflections. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 121139.Google Scholar
Schilling-Estes, Natalie. (2000). Investigating intra-ethnic differentiation: /ay/ in Lumbee Native American English. Language in Society 27:5383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shockey, Linda. (1984). All in a flap: Long-term accommodation in phonology. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 46:8795.Google Scholar
Shuiyu Diaocha Baogao (Report on Investigations of the Sui Language). (1956). Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Shuizu Jianshi (Historical Sketch of the Sui People). (1985). Guiyang, China: Guizhou Minorities Publishing.Google Scholar
Smith, Ian, & Johnson, Steve. (1986). Sociolinguistic patterns in an unstratified society: The patrilects of Nganhcara. Journal of the Atlantic Provinces Linguistic Association 8:2943.Google Scholar
Sorenson, Arthur P. Jr. (1967). Multilingualism in the Northwest Amazon. American Anthropologist 69(9):670684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanford, James N. (2007). Dialect contact and identity: A case study of exogamous Sui clans. Ph.D. dissertation, Michigan State University.Google Scholar
Stanford, James N. (2008). Child dialect acquisition: New perspectives on parent/peer influence. Journal of Sociolinguistics. 12(5).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanford, James N., & Preston, Dennis R. (eds.). (forthcoming). Variation in indigenous minority languages. Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevens, S. S., Volkman, J, & Newman, E. B. (1937). A scale for the measurement of the psychological magnitude of pitch. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 8:185190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutton, Peter. (1978). Wik: Aboriginal society, territory and language at Cape Keerweer, Cape York, Penninsula, Australia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Queensland.Google Scholar
Trudgill, Peter. (1974). The social differentiation of English in Norwich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Trudgill, Peter. (1986). Dialects in contact. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Vasishth, Shravan. (forthcoming). The foundations of statistics: A simulation-based approach.Google Scholar
Vousten, Rob, & Bongaerts, Theo. (1990). Acquiring a dialect as L2: The case of the dialect of Venray in the Dutch province of Limburg. Paper presented at the International Congress of Dialectologists, Bamberg, Germany.Google Scholar
Watt, Dominic. (2002). “I don't speak with a Geordie accent, I speak, like, the Northern accent”: Contact-induced levelling in the Tynesdale vowel system. Journal of Sociolinguistics 6(1):4463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wells, John C. (1973). Jamaican pronunciations in London. Publications of the Philological Society 25. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Wright, Richard, & Shryock, Aaron. (1993). The effects of implosives on pitch in SiSwati. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23(1):1623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yaeger-Dror, Malcah, Hall-Lew, Lauren, & Deckert, Sharon. (2003). Situational variation in intonational strategies. In Leistyna, P. and Meyer, C. (eds.), Corpus analysis: Language structure and language use. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
Yip, Moira. (2002). Tone. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeng, Xiaoyu, & Yao, Fuxiang. (1996). Han-Shui Cidian (Chinese-Sui Dictionary). Chengdu, China: Sichuan Minorities Publishing.Google Scholar
Zhang, Junru. (1980). Shuiyu Jianzhi (Sketch of the Sui language). Beijing: Minorities Publishing.Google Scholar
Zhang, Qing. (2005). A Chinese yuppie in Beijing: Phonological variation and the construction of a new professional identity. Language in Society 34:431466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, Xiaonong Sean. (1999). Shanghai tonetics. Munich: Lincom Europa.Google Scholar