Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T14:34:51.938Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The trends and developments of L2 Japanese research in the 2010s

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2020

Yoshiko Mori*
Affiliation:
Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
Atsushi Hasegawa
Affiliation:
The University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
Junko Mori
Affiliation:
The University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

This article updates the trends and developments of Japanese as a second language (JSL) research since Mori and Mori (2011) by reviewing nearly 200 selected empirical studies published in English or Japanese between 2010 and early 2019. The first section of this review examines the cognitive aspects of second language (L2) Japanese development, focusing on vocabulary and kanji (i.e., Chinese characters transferred into Japanese) learning, syntactic development, and the issues surrounding reading and writing. The second part investigates sociocultural issues in L2 Japanese development and use, including pragmatic development, multilingual/translingual perspectives, and multilingual youth. The third section explores the role of affective variables (primarily learner motivation) in L2 Japanese development. The last section considers various pedagogical issues, including corpus-based studies and the development of materials and resources, instructional designs and classroom studies, technology-enhanced language learning and new instructional models, critical approaches to teaching Japanese and content-based instruction. The review of these themes illuminates trends and emerging areas of interest in post-2010 L2 Japanese research inspired by current developments in applied linguistics and second language acquisition (SLA) research, as well as unique features of Japanese language and sociocultural contexts.

Type
A Country in Focus
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ACTFL (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages). (2015). World-readiness standards for learning languages. Retrieved from https://www.actfl.org/publications/all/world-readiness-standards-learning-languagesGoogle Scholar
Agency for Cultural Affairs. (2017). Kokunai-no nihongo kyooiku-no gaiyou [Overview of Japanese language education in Japan]. Retrieved from http://www.bunka.go.jp/tokei_hakusho_shuppan/tokeichosa/nihongokyoiku_jittai/h29/pdf/r1396874_01.pdfGoogle Scholar
Aizawa, I., & Rose, H. (2019). An analysis of Japan's English as medium of instruction initiatives within higher education: The gap between meso-level policy and micro-level practice. Higher Education, 77(6), 11251142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ajioka, M. (2011). Grammar, pronunciation, or something else? Native Japanese speakers’ judgments of ‘native-like’ speech. Issues in Applied Linguistics, 18(2), 233250.Google Scholar
Akiyama, Y. (2017). Learner beliefs and corrective feedback in telecollaboration: A longitudinal investigation. System, 64, 5873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anubhuti, C. (2018). Hindii-go-o bogo to suru nihongo gakushuu-sha ni okeru tsui-no aru ji ta-dooshi-no shuutoku nit suite: Joshi sentaku to jutsugo sentaku ni kansuru goyoo-o chuushin-ni [Acquisition of transitive-intransitive verb pairs by Hindi speaking learners of Japanese: Focusing on errors in predicate and particle selection]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 170, 4761.Google Scholar
Association of American Colleges and University. (2008). College learning for the new global century: LEAP executive summary 2008. Retrieved from https://secure.aacu.org/AACU/PDF/GlobalCentury_ExecSum_3.pdfGoogle Scholar
Bai, C., & Mukoyama, Y. (2014). Monoringaru oyobi bairingaru nihongo gakushuusha no bun-shori: Kyoogoo moderu ni motozuku ruikeiron-teki kanten karano bunseki [Sentence processing of Japanese by monolingual and bilingual learners: Analysis based on the competition model from the perspective of language typology]. Daini-gengo toshite no Nihongo no Shuutoku Kenkyuu [Acquistion of Japanese as a Second Language], 17, 2340.Google Scholar
Beckwith, S., & Dewaele, J. M. (2012). The effect of two years abroad on the development of apologies in the Japanese L2 of adult English native speakers. In Ruiz de Zarobe, L. & Ruiz de Zarobe, Y. (Eds.), Speech acts and politeness across languages and cultures (pp. 275306). Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Blake, R. (2013). Brave new digital classroom: Technology and foreign language learning (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, L., & Cheek, E. (2017). Gender identity in a second language: The use of first person pronouns by male learners of Japanese. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 16(2), 94108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burch, A. R., & Kasper, G. (2016). ‘Like Godzilla’: Enactments and formulations in telling a disaster story in Japanese. In Prior, M. T. & Kasper, G. (Eds.), Emotion in multilingual interaction (pp. 5785). Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrnes, H., & Duff, P. A. (Eds). (2019). SLA across disciplinary borders: New perspectives, critical questions, and research possibilities. The Modern Language Journal, 103(Supplement 2019), 1174.Google Scholar
Canagarajah, S. (2013). Translingual practice: Global Englishes and cosmopolitan relations. New York, NY: Routlage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, T. (2011). Japanese as an international language. In Heinrich, P. & Galan, C. (Eds.), Language life in Japan: Transformations and prospects (pp. 186201). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Carroll, T. (2012). Multilingual or easy Japanese? Promoting citizenship via local government web sites. In Gottlieb, N. (Ed.), Language and citizenship in Japan (pp. 193216). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Castro-Vázquez, G. (2011a). Jumping out of enclosures: Ethnicity, gender, education and language among Latin Americans in Japan. Ethnicities, 11(2), 218244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castro-Vázquez, G. (2011b). The educated citizen: Cultural and gender capital in the schooling of Latin American children in Japan. Journal of Research in International Education, 10(3), 244260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, Y. (2015). Chuugoku-no daigaku nihongo senmon kyooiku ni okeru gakushuusha-no “beki da” to “hazu da” no shiyoo ishiki nit suite: Tanbun sakusei mondai to sentaku shiki mondai ni mirareru goyoo no bunseki kekka kara [How do Chinese college students majoring in Japanese learn and use beki da and hazu da? From an analysis of their performance in sentence making and in selection of an appropriate phrase]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 160, 110126.Google Scholar
Chiba, S., & Morikawa, Y. (2011). From oral interview test to oral communication test: Alleviating students’ anxiety. In Chan, W. M., Chin, K. N., & Suthiwa, T. (Eds.), Foreign language teaching in Asia and beyond: Current perspectives and future directions (pp. 289313). Beijing, China: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Chien, H.-W., & Nakamura, W. (2010). The acquisition of Japanese aspect marker –TE I-(RU) by Mandarin Chinese speakers: A cross-sectional study. Studies in Language Sciences: Journal of the Japanese Society for Language Sciences, 9, 127142.Google Scholar
Chikamatsu, N. (2012). Communication with community: Connecting an individual to the world through Japanese content-based instruction of Japanese-American history. Japanese Language and Literature, 46, 171199.Google Scholar
Clancy, P. (1985). Acquisition of Japanese. In Slobin, D. J. (Ed.), The cross-linguistic study of acquisition: The data (Vol. 1, pp. 373524). Hilldale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Creese, A., & Blackledge, A. (2011). Separate and flexible bilingualism in complementary schools: Multiple language practices in interrelationship. Journal of pragmatics, 43(5), 11961208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Burgh-Hirabe, R., & Feryok, A. (2012). Japanese as a foreign language extensive reading and self-regulation: Case studies of high school language learners. New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics, 18(1), 2135.Google Scholar
De Burgh-Hirabe, R., & Feryok, A. (2013). A model of motivation for extensive reading in Japanese as a foreign language. Reading in a Foreign Language, 25(1), 7293.Google Scholar
Dentsu. (2016). Taiwan, honkon, kankoku nihongo gakushuu-sha choosa-kekka hookoku [Survey report on Japanese language learners in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and South Korea]. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_YYwiD-_l6lblRNVElULUpwS28/viewGoogle Scholar
Doerr, N., & Sato, S. (2011). Modes of governmentality in an online space: A case study of blog activities in an advanced level Japanese-as-a-foreign-language classroom. Learning, Media, and Technology, 36(1), 6983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doerr, N. M., & Kumagai, Y. (2012). Learning through laughing: An ‘African-American’ singer with ‘Japanese soul’ and the possibility of a new subjectivity in Japan. Social Identities, 18(3), 317334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doerr, N. M., & Lee, K. (2012). ‘Drop-outs’ or ‘heritage learners’? Competing mentalities of governmentality and invested meanings at a weekend Japanese language school in the USA. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 33(4), 561573.Google Scholar
Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual difference in second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Dörnyei, Z., MacIntyre, P. D., & Henry, A. (Eds.). (2015). Motivational dynamics in language learning. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Douglas Fir Group. (2016). A transdisciplinary framework for SLA in a multilingual world. The Modern Language Journal, 101(Supplement 2016), 1947.Google Scholar
Douglas, M. O. (2017). Assessing the effectiveness of content-based language instruction (CBLI) at the college advanced level. Japanese Language and Literature, 51(2), 199241.Google Scholar
Ebisuya, A. (2012). Nihon-no IT kigyoo-no buriggi jinzai ni motomerareru bijinesu komyunikeeshon nooryoku: sofutouea kaihatsu-chuu ni hassei-suru komyunikeeshon-jo no mondai bunseki kara [Business communication competence required by bridge resources employed in Japanese IT companies: An analysis based on communication problems encountered during software development project]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 152, 1429.Google Scholar
Egi, T. (2010). Uptake, modified output, and learner perceptions of recasts: Learner responses as language awareness. The Modern Language Journal, 94(1), 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Everson, M. (2011). Best practices in teaching logographic and on-Roman writing systems to L2 learners. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 31, 249274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fei, X.-D., & Matsumi, N. (2013). Chuugokugo o bogo to suru jookyuu nihongo gakushuusha no nihongo-bun no chookai ni okeru nihongo kanji tango no shori katei: Bun no seiyakusei oyobi tango no keitai onin ruiji-sei o soosa-shita jikennteki kentoo [Processing of Japanese kanji-words in proficient Chinese learners of Japanese when listening to Japanese sentences: The effect of sentence constraints, orthographic and phonological similarities of words]. Daini-gengo toshite no Nihongo no Shuutoku Kenkyuu [Acquistion of Japanese as a Second Language], 16, 107124.Google Scholar
Firth, A., & Wagner, J. (1997). On discourse, communication, and (some) fundamental concepts in SLA research. The Modern Language Journal, 81, 285300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Firth, A., & Wagner, J. (2007). Second/foreign language learning as a social accomplishment: Elaborations on a reconceptualized SLA. The Modern Language Journal, 91, 800819.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fukuta, J. (2013). Representation of Japanese lexical/syntactic compound verbs in L1 Japanese and Chinese learners of Japanese: Evidence from a lexical decision task. Daini-gengo toshite no Nihongo no Shuutoku Kenkyuu [Acquisition of Japanese as a Second Language], 16, 125141.Google Scholar
Fukuta, J., & Inagaki, S. (2013). Jookyuu nihongo gakushuusha ni yoru mokuteki-o arawasu “tame ni” to “yoo ni”-no shuutoku: “Tame ni”-no kajoo hanka wa chuugoku-go washa ni tokuyuu ka [The L2 acquisition of purpose clauses with tame ni and yo ni by advanced learners of Japanese: Is the overgeneralization of tame ni unique to Chinese speakers?]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 156, 3144.Google Scholar
Funato, H. (2012). Keezokutekina moji chatto ni yoru nihongo gakushuusha no shuujoshi ‘ne’ no shiyoo no henka: Hissu yooso/Nini yooso no kanten kara [Change in JFL learners’ use of final particle ne from prolonged use of online chat: Focusing on obligatory ne versus optional ne]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 152, 113.Google Scholar
Gabriele, A. (2010). Deriving meaning through context: Interpreting bare nominals in second language Japanese. Second Language Research, 26(3), 379405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabriele, A., & McClure, W. (2011). Why some imperfectives are interpreted imperfectly: A study of Chinese learners of Japanese. Language Acquisition, 18(1), 3983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamage, G. H. (2011). Kanji learning attitudes and self-directed learning by learners of Japanese as a foreign language: A case study. Babel, 46(1), 412.Google Scholar
Ganelli, M. G., & Miake, N. (2015). Foreign help wanted: Easing Japan's labor shortages (No. 15–181). International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
Goto, N. (2015). Iryo-kaigo genba-no hoogen-o gaikokujin-wa doo rikai suruka: Tachiiki shusshinn nihonjin to hikaku shite [How foreigners understand dialects in medical and nursing situations: A comparison with the level of understanding of Japanese from other districts]. Nihongo Kyoiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 161, 4249.Google Scholar
Goulah, J. (2011). Ecospirituality in public foreign language education: A critical discourse analysis of a transformative world language learning approach. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 81(1), 2752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grainger, P. (2012). The impact of cultural background on the choice of language learning strategies in the JFL context. System, 40(4), 483493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grainger, P. R. (2013). Bedrock/core, base, plus, and threshold strategies in the JFL context. Foreign Language Annals, 45(4), 599621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greer, T. (2013). Word search sequences in bilingual interaction: Codeswitching and embodied orientation toward shifting participant constellations. Journal of Pragmatics, 57, 100117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grüter, T., Lieberman, M., & Gualmini, A. (2010). Acquiring the scope of disjunction and negation in L2: A bidirectional study of learners of Japanese and English. Language Acquisition, 17(3), 127154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagiwara, A. (2015). Effect of visual support on the processing of multiclausal sentences. Language Teaching Research, 19(4), 455472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagiwara, A. (2016). The role of phonology and phonetics in L2 kanji learning. The Modern Language Journal, 100(4), 880897.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasegawa, A. (2017). Collaborative orientation to the ‘search for what to say’ in pair work interactions. In Greer, T., Ishida, M., & Tateyama, Y. (Eds.), Interactional competence in Japanese as an additional language (pp. 175210). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i, National Foreign Language Resource Center.Google Scholar
Hasegawa, A. (2018). Understanding task-in-process through the lens of laughter: Activity designs, instructional materials, learner orientations, and interpersonal relationships. The Modern Language Journal, 102(1), 142161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasegawa, A. (2019). The social lives of study abroad: Understanding second language learners’ experiences through social network analysis and conversation analysis. New York, NY: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hashimoto, Y. (2011). Nihongo o daini-gengo to suru eigo futsugo bogo yooji no hitei-kei no shuutoku purosesu: sukiima seisei ni motozuku gengo koozoo no hattatsu [The acquisition of the negative form of Japanese as a second language in two English-speaking and one French-speaking infants: The development of language structure based on schema generation]. Daini-gengo toshite no Nihongo no Shuutoku Kenkyuu [Acquistion of Japanese as a Second Language], 14, 6079.Google Scholar
Hawkins, M. R., & Mori, J. (2018). Considering ‘trans-’ perspectives in language theories and practices. Applied Linguistics, 39(1), 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayashi, Y., & Murphy, V. A. (2013). On the nature of morphological awareness in Japanese-English bilingual children: A cross-linguistic perspective. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(1), 4967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinrich, P. (2012). The making of monolingual Japan: Language ideology and Japanese modernity (Vol. 146). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirotani, M. (2013). Syntactic complexity development in L2 writing: A longitudinal study using blog corpora. Daini-gengo toshite no Nihongo no Shuutoku Kenkyuu [Acquisition of Japanese as a Second Language], 16, 142159.Google Scholar
Hirotani, M., & Lyddon, P. A. (2013). The development of L2 Japanese self-introductions in an asynchronous computer-mediated language exchange. Foreign Language Annals, 46(3), 469490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobbs, V., Matsuo, A., & Payne, M. (2010). Code-switching in Japanese language classrooms: An exploratory investigation of native vs. non-native speaker teacher practice. Linguistics and Education, 21, 4459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodoscek, B., & Nishina, K. (2012). Japanese learning support systems: Hinoki project report. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 2(3), 95123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horiba, Y. (2012). Word knowledge and its relation to text comprehension: A comparative study of Chinese- and Korean-speaking L2 learners and L1 speakers of Japanese. The Modern Language Journal, 96(1), 108121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hudson, M. E., Matsumoto, Y., & Mori, J. (Eds.). (2018). Pragmatics of Japanese: Perspectives on grammar, interaction and culture (Vol. 285). Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ikeda, K. (2011a). L2 speakers’ use of honorific styles in telephone conversations. In Arita, S., Butler, Y. G., Hauser, E., Horie, K., Mazuka, R., Shirai, Y., & Tsubakita, J. (Eds.), Studies in language sciences: Papers from the tenth annual conference of the Japanese society for language sciences 10 (pp. 119135). Tokyo, Japan: Kurosio Publishers.Google Scholar
Ikeda, K. (2011b). Enriching interactional space nonverbally: Microanalysis of teachers’ performance in JFL classrooms. Japanese Language and Literature, 45, 195226.Google Scholar
Ikeda, K., & Bysouth, D. (2013). Japanese and English as lingua francas: Language choices for international students in contemporary Japan. In Haberland, H., Lønsmann, D., & Preisler, B. (Eds.), Language alternation, language choice and language encounter in international tertiary education (pp. 3152). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ikeda-Miura, K. (2018). Chuugoku-go-o boto to suru JSL seito-no goiryoku choosa: Sho-chuu-gakkou kyookasho de tsukawareru tagi-dooshi-ni chakumoku shite [Measuring vocabulary knowledge of Chinese-speaking JSL students: The focus on polysemous verbs used in textbooks for elementary and junior high school]. Nihongo Kyoiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 166, 93107.Google Scholar
Imai, S. (2012). Development of a learners’ dictionary of polysemous Japanese words and some proposals for learners’ lexicography. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 2(3), 6375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iori, I. (2015). Yasashii nihongo” kenkyuu no “kore made” to “kore kara” [Research on ‘Easy Japanese’: Looking back and looking forward]. Kotoba to Moji, 4, 413.Google Scholar
Ishii, R. (2011). Nibunkan no ronri kankei to setsuzokugo no sonzai ga L2 gakushuusha no dokkai ni oyobosu eikyoo: Shori kooritsu to rikai no kanten kara [The effects of logical relation and connectives on L2-learners’ reading: From the perspective of processing efficiency and comprehension]. Daini-gengo toshite no Nihongo no Shuutoku Kenkyuu [Acquisition of Japanese as a Second Language], 14, 98115.Google Scholar
Iwasaki, J., & Oliver, R. (2014). The acquisition of verbal morphology in Japanese as a second language (JSL) by a child: Emergence and accuracy. Studies in Language Sciences: Journal of the Japanese Society for Language Sciences, 13, 7095.Google Scholar
Iwasaki, N. (2010). Style shifts among Japanese learners before and after study abroad in Japan: Becoming active social agents in Japanese. Applied Linguistics, 31(1), 4571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwasaki, N. (2011a). Learning L2 Japanese ‘politeness’ and ‘impoliteness’: Young American men's dilemmas during study abroad. Japanese Language and Literature, 45, 67106.Google Scholar
Iwasaki, N. (2011b). Filling social space with fillers: Gains in social dimension after studying abroad in Japan. Japanese Language and Literature, 45, 169193.Google Scholar
Iwasaki, N. (2017a). Use of mimetics in motion event descriptions by English and Korean learners of L2 Japanese: Does language typology make a difference? In Iwasaki, N., Sells, P., & Akita, K. (Eds.), The grammar of Japanese mimetics: Perspectives from structure, acquisition, and translation (pp. 193237). London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Iwasaki, N. (2017b). Grammar of Japanese mimetics used by English and Korean learners of L2 Japanese in KY Corpus interviews: Does L1-L2 similarity help? In Iwasaki, N., Sells, P., & Akita, K. (Eds.), The grammar of Japanese mimetics: Perspectives from structure, acquisition, and translation (pp. 148171). London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Iwasaki, S. (2015). A multiple-grammar model of speakers’ linguistic knowledge. Cognitive Linguistics, 26(2), 161210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ji, K. (2014). Nicchuu daigakusee sesshoku bamen no shotaimen kaiwa ni okeru wadai tenkan: Rapooru manejimento no shiten kara [Topic shifting in first-time casual conversations between Japanese language learners and Japanese native speakers: From a rapport management perspective]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 157, 1731.Google Scholar
Jo, Y. (2010). Shokyuusha ni okeru shadooingu kunren-ji no ishiki: Shadooingu ni taisuru purasu ishiki to mainasu ishiki o motsu gakushuu-sha no hikaku [Metacognitive awareness of beginner students of Japanese language during shadowing training: Comparison between students with positive and negative attitude to shadowing]. Daini-gengo toshite no Nihongo no Shuutoku Kenkyuu [Acquistion of Japanese as a Second Language], 13, 3956.Google Scholar
Jung, I., & Suzuki, Y. (2015). Scaffolding strategies for wiki-based collaboration: Action research in a multicultural Japanese language program. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(4), 829838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kabata, K., & Edasawa, Y. (2011). Tandem language learning through a cross-cultural keypal project. Language Learning & Technology, 15(1), 104121.Google Scholar
Kabata, K., & Ono, T. (Eds.). (2014). Usage-based approaches to Japanese grammar: Towards the understanding of human language (Vol. 156). Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kambara, W. (2011). Teaching Japanese pragmatic competence using film clips. L2 Journal, 3(2), 144157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kasper, G., & Burch, A. R. (2016). Focus on form in the wild. In van Compernolle, R. A. & McGregor, J. (Eds.), Authenticity, language, and interaction in second language contexts (pp. 198232). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawaguchi, S., & Di Biase, B. (2012). Acquiring procedural skills in L2: Processability theory and skill acquisition. Studies in Language Sciences: Journal of the Japanese Society for Language Sciences, 11, 6895.Google Scholar
Kitajima, R. (2016). Does the advanced proficiency evaluated in oral-like written text support syntactic parsing in a written academic text among L2 Japanese learners? Foreign Language Annals, 49(3), 573595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kizu, M., Pizziconi, B., & Iwasaki, N. (2013). Modal markers in Japanese: A study of learners’ use before and after study abroad. Japanese Language and Literature, 47(1), 93133.Google Scholar
Kondo, Y. (2013). Settoku-no apiiru-o mochiita nihongo gakushuusha-no ronshoubun-no bunseki: Nihonjin daigakusei uzubekisutanjin daigakusei tono hikaku [Analysis of argumentative essays written by Japanese language learners using persuasive appeal: Comparison of undergraduate students of Japan and Uzbekistan]. Daini-gengo toshite-no Nihongo-no Shuutoku Kenkyuu [Acquisition of Japanese as a Second Language], 16, 160177.Google Scholar
Kondo-Brown, K. (2013). Changes in affective profiles of postsecondary students in lower-level foreign language classes. Foreign Language Annals, 46(1), 122136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koshiba, K., & Kurata, N. (2012). Language identities of Japanese home-background speakers and their language learning needs. Japanese Studies, 32(3), 357375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koyama, M. S., Stein, J. F., Stoodley, C. J., & Hansen, P. C. (2013). Cerebral mechanisms for different second language writing systems. Neuropsychologia, 51, 22612270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kubota, R. (2012). Memories of war: Exploring victim-victimizer perspectives in critical content-based instruction in Japanese. L2 Journal, 4(1), 3757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kubota, M. (2017). Post study abroad investigation of kanji knowledge in Japanese as a second language learners. System, 68, 143152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumagai, Y., & Iwasaki, N. (2011). What it means to read ‘critically’ in a Japanese language classroom: Students’ perspectives. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 8(2), 125152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurata, N. (2010). Opportunities for foreign language learning and use within a learner's informal social networks. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 17, 382396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurata, N. (2014). Construction of L1/L2 use in informal social networks: A study of learners of Japanese in Australia. Linguistics and Education, 27, 1429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurata, N. (2015). Motivational selves of Japanese heritage speakers in Australia. Heritage Language Journal, 12(2), 110131.Google Scholar
Langager, M. (2010). Childhood academic language environments of Japanese sojourners: A principal components analysis study. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 13, 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lauwereyns, S. S. (2011). Japanese-English bilingual development in New Zealand: Parental attitudes and children's literacy and communication skills. New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics, 17(1), 4969.Google Scholar
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, A. (2014). Critical discourse analysis in applied linguistics: A methodological review. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 34, 213232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, R. (2018a). Chuugoku zaijuu nihonjin-jidoo-no nihongo kaiwaryoku to katei gengo kankyoo [Oral Japanese proficiency of Japanese children in China and their home language envrironment]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 170, 1731.Google Scholar
Liu, R. (2018b). Chuugokugo-o bogo to suru jookyuu nihongo gakushuusha-no “meishi + dooshi” corokeeshon-no shiyoo: Nihongo bogo washa tono shiyoo-joo-no chigai oyobi bogo-no eikyoo [The use of noun-verb collocations by Chinese advanced learners of Japanese: The differences with Japanese native speakers and the influence of Chinese]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 169, 3145.Google Scholar
Long, S., Nakaishi, Y., Ono, H., & Sakai, H. (2012). Daini-gengo no bun-shori ni dooshi no asupekuto joohoo ga oyobosu eikyoo: Chuugoku-go o bogo to suru nihongo gakushuusha o taoshoo to shite [Effects of aspectual information of verbs on L2 sentence processing: A study on Chinese learners of Japanese]. Studies in Language Sciences: Journal of the Japanese Society for Language Sciences, 11, 146165.Google Scholar
Mariotti, M., & Mantelli, A. (2012). ITADICT project and Japanese language learning. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 2(2), 6581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martinsen, R., Baker, W., Brown, J., & Johnson, C. (2011). The benefits of living in foreign language housing: The effect of language use and second-language type on oral proficiency gains. Modern Language Journal, 95(2), 274290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masuda, K. (2011). Acquiring interactional competence in a study abroad context: Japanese language learners’ use of the interactional particle ne. The Modern Language Journal, 95(4), 519540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masuda, K. (Ed.). (2018). Cognitive linguistics and Japanese pedagogy: A usage-based approach to language learning and instruction. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsumoto, A., & Nakayama, M. (2014). The interpretations of the overt pronouns in L2 Japanese. Studies in Language Sciences: Journal of the Japanese Society for Language Sciences, 13, 146165.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, K. (2013). Kanji recognition by second language learners: Exploring effects of first language writing systems and second language exposure. The Modern Language Journal, 97(1), 161177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsumoto, Y. (2016). Partnership between grammatical construction and interactional frame: Stand-alone noun-modifying construction in invocatory discourse. Constructions & Frames, 7(2), 289314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, S. (Ed.). (2013). The multilingual turn: Implications for SLA, TESOL, and bilingual education. New York, NY: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMeekin, A. (2014). Japanese learners’ indexical uses of the da style in a study abroad setting. Japanese Language and Literature, 48, 138.Google Scholar
Meadows, B. (2010). ‘Like my tutor and stuff, people I would talk to’: Laying claim to imagined communities of practice in language learner discourse. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 7, 88111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menard-Warwick, J., & Leung, G. (2017). Translingual practice in L2 Japanese: workplace narratives. Language and Intercultural Communication, 17(3), 270287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology). (2016). Nihongo shidoo-ga hitsuyoo-na jidou-seito-no ukeire jookyoo-tou ni kansuru choosa-heisei 28 nendo-no kekka ni tsuite [The results of the 2016 survey concerning the acceptance situations of school age children who need Japanese instruction]. Retrieved from http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/houdou/29/06/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2017/06/21/1386753.pdfGoogle Scholar
Mikami, K., & Harada, T. (2011). Tadoku niyoru huzuiteki goi gakushuu no kanoosee o saguru: Nihongo-ban gureideddo riidaa o mochiita tadoku no jissen to goi tesuto no kekka kara [Exploring the possibility of incidental vocabulary acquisition through extensive reading: from results based on extensive reading and vocabulary tests of Japanese graded readers]. Kokusai Kooryuu Kikin Nihongo Kyooiku Bulletin, 7, 723.Google Scholar
Mitsugi, S., & MacWhinney, B. (2016). The use of case marking for predictive process in second language Japanese. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 19(1), 1935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mogi, T. (2012). Towards the lexicographic description of the grammatical behaviour of Japanese loanwords: A case study. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 2(2), 2134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moody, S. (2014a). Should we teach rules for pragmatics? Explicit instruction and emergent awareness of Japanese plain and polite forms. Japanese Language and Literature, 48(1), 3969.Google Scholar
Moody, S. (2014b). ‘‘Well, I'm a gaijin’’: Constructing identity through English and humor in the international workplace. Journal of Pragmatics, 60, 7588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moody, S. (2017). Fitting in or standing out? A conflict of belonging and identity in intercultural polite talk at work. Applied Linguistics, 47, 125.Google Scholar
Moore, K., & Iida, S. (2010). Students’ perception of supplementary, online activities for Japanese language learning: Groupwork, quiz and discussion tools. Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 26(7), 966979.Google Scholar
Mori, J., & Matsunaga, Y. (2017). Becoming a conversationalist at the dinner table: Topic management practices by a JFL student living in foreign language housing. In Greer, T., Ishida, M., & Tateyama, Y. (Eds.), Interactional competence in Japanese as an additional language (pp. 175210). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i, National Foreign Language Resource Center.Google Scholar
Mori, J., & Takeuchi, J. D. (2016). Campus diversity and global education: A case study of a Japanese program. Foreign Language Annals, 49(1), 146161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mori, J., & Yanagimachi, T. (2015). Artifacts, gestures, and dispensable speech: Multimodality in teaching and learning of a biology laboratory technique. In Koike, D. & Blyth, C. S. (Eds.), Dialogue in multilingual and multimodal communities (pp. 221251). Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mori, Y. (2014). Review of current research on kanji processing, learning, and instruction. Japanese Language and Literature, 48, 403430.Google Scholar
Mori, Y., & Calder, T. (2013). Bilingual vocabulary knowledge and arrival age among Japanese heritage language students at hoshuukoo. Foreign Language Annals, 46, 290310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mori, Y., & Calder, T. (2015). The role of motivation and learner variables in L1 and L2 vocabulary development in Japanese heritage language speakers in the U.S. Foreign Language Annals, 48, 730754.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mori, Y., & Calder, T. (2017). The role of parental support and family variable in L1 and L2 vocabulary development of Japanese heritage language students in the United States. Foreign Language Annals, 50, 754775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mori, Y., & Mori, J. (2011). Review of recent research (2000–2010) on learning and instruction with specific reference to L2 Japanese. Language Teaching, 44(4), 447484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mori, Y., Omori, M., & Sato, K. (2016). The impact of flipped online kanji instruction on written vocabulary learning for introductory and intermediate Japanese language students. Foreign Language Annals, 49(4), 729749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morimoto, Y., Shiozawa, M., Komatsu, T., Sekiji, E., & Shimada, N. (2011). Komyunikeeshon gengo katsudoo no jukutatsu-do o arawasu JF Can-Do no sakusee to hyooka [Developing and assessing the JF Can-Dos in order to measure attainment of communicative language activities]. Kokusai Kooryuu Kikin Nihongo Kyooiku Bulletin, 7, 2542.Google Scholar
Nagai, A. (2015). Suriranka-jin nihongo-gakushuusha-no kaku-joshi-no shuutoku: Shinhara-go bogo washa-no sakubun ni mirareru “ga”-o shuushin ni [Acquisition of case particles by Sri Lankan Japanese learners: Focusing on ga in essays written by native Sinhalese speakers]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 161, 3141.Google Scholar
Nagami, M. (2011). How participants manage their understanding in conversation? A case study of conversation between L1 and L2 users of Japanese. In Chan, W. M., Chin, K. N., Nagami, M., & Suthiwan, T. (Eds.), Processes and process-orientation in foreign language teaching and learning (pp. 303317). Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Nakajima, K., & Sano, A. (2016). Tagengokankyoo-de sodatsu nenshoosha-no bairingaru sakubunryoku-no bunseki: pureraitingu to bunshoo-no koosei-o chuushin-ni [An analysis of writing abilities in bilingual students growing up in multilingual contexts: with a special focus on pre-writing and writing organization]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 164, 1733.Google Scholar
Nakamata, N. (2013). Chuugokugo washa ni yoru “mo” koobun-no shuutoku: “A mo Bmo P” “A mo P, B mo P” koobun-ni chuumoku-shite [Acquisition of mo constructions by Chinese speakers: Focusing on the ‘A mo B mo P’ and ‘A mo P, B mo P’ constructions]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 156, 1630.Google Scholar
Nakaue, A. (2012). Rikai chuushin-no shidoohoo “shori shidoo” to sanshutsu chuushin-no shidoo tono hikaku kenkyuu: Keiyooshi-no hikaku-no shidoo-o tooshite [Comparative studies of processing instruction and output]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 151, 4862.Google Scholar
Nakayama, M., Ida, K., & Lupker, S. J. (2016). Cross-script L2-L1 noncognate translation priming in lexical decision depends on L2 proficiency: Evidence from Japanese-English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 19(5), 10011022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Namekawa, E. (2015). Gengo-shoosuu-ha-no kodomo-no seikatsu-taiken ni urauchi-sareta gainen-gakushuu: Mijika-na otona tono bobo to nihongo-no yaritori kara [Concept development through the real daily life experience of a language minority student: An analysis of conversations with close adults in the mother tongue and in Japanese]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 160, 4963.Google Scholar
Narita, R. (2012). The effects of pragmatic consciousness-raising activity on the development of pragmatic awareness and use of hearsay evidential markers for learners of Japanese as a foreign language. Journal of Pragmatics, 44, 129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishigori, J. (2019). Kaigo fukushi no nihongo kyooiku no genjoo to shiensha no ikusee: Kaigo nihongo Can-do suteetomento o chuushin ni [The current state of Japanese language education for foreign care workers and the fostering of their supporters: Focusing on ‘Standard Japanese Proficiency Can-Do Statement (KCDS) for Care Workers’]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 172, 1832.Google Scholar
Nishikawa, T. (2014). Nonnativeness in near-native child L2 starters of Japanese: Age and the acquisition of relative clauses. Applied Linguistics, 35(3), 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishikawa, T., Aoki, Y., Hosono, N., & Higuchi, M. (2015). Nihon umare, sodachi-no JSL-no kodomo-no nihongo-ryoku: Wago-dooshi-no sanshutsu ni okeru mono-ringaru tono sai [Japanese proficiency of JSL children born/raised in Japan: Differences in producing basic Japanese verbs compared to monolingual children]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 160, 6478.Google Scholar
Nishikawa, T., Hosono, N., & Aoki, Y. (2016). Nihon umare, sodachi-no JSL-no kodomo-no wago-dooshi-no sanshutsu: Oodan-choosa kara shisa-sareru goiryoku-no nobi [Production of basic Japanese verbs by JSL children born/raised in Japan: Vocabulary growth indicated by cross-sectional data]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 163, 116.Google Scholar
Noda, H. (2014). Yasashii nihongo” kara “yunibaasaruna nihongo komyunikeeshon” e: Bogo washa ga nihongo o tsukau toki no mondai toshite [From ‘easy Japanese’ to ‘universal Japanese communication’: An issue in Japanese usage by native speakers]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 158, 418.Google Scholar
Noda, N., & Sakota, K. (Ed.). (2019). Gakushuu-sha koopasu to nihongo kyooiku kenkyu [Learners’ corpus and Japanese language education research]. Tokyo, Japan: Kuroshio Publishers.Google Scholar
Northwood, B., & Thomson, C. K. (2012). What keeps them going? Investigating ongoing learners of Japanese in Australian universities. Japanese Studies, 32(3), 335355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oda, T. (2010). Tutoring an American autistic college student in Japanese and its challenges. Support for Learning, 25(4), 165171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oguro, S., & Moloney, R. (2010). An alien from their own language: The case of Japanese in New South Wales. Babel, 44(2), 2231.Google Scholar
Oguro, S., & Moloney, R. (2012). Misplaced heritage language learners of Japanese in secondary schools. Heritage Language Journal, 9(2), 7084.Google Scholar
Ohga, C. (2017). Tagidooshi-o chuushin-go to suru korokeeshon-no shuutoku [Collocation acquisition using a polysemous verb as a node]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 166, 4761.Google Scholar
Ohta, A. S. (2001). Second language acquisition processes in the classroom: Learning Japanese. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohta, A. S. (2017). From SCOBA development to implementation in concept-based instruction: Conceptualizing and teaching Japanese addressee honorifics as expressing modes of self. Language and Sociocultural Theory, 4(2), 187218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onishi, Y. (2010). Ukuraina ni okeru daigakusei-no nihongo gakushuu dooki [Motivation among university students learning Japanese in Ukraine]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 146, 8296.Google Scholar
Oriyama, K. (2010). Heritage language maintenance and Japanese identity formation: What role can schooling and ethnic community contact play? Heritage Language Journal, 7(2), 76111.Google Scholar
Oriyama, K. (2011). The effects of the sociocultural context on heritage language literacy: Japanese-English bilingual children in Sydney. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 14(6), 653681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortega, L. (2013). SLA for the 21st century: Disciplinary progress, transdisciplinary relevance, and the bi/multilingual turn. Language Learning, 63(1), 124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otsuji, E., & Pennycook, A. (2018). The translingual advantage: Metrolingual student repertoires. In Choi, J. & Ollerhead, T. S. (Eds.), Plurilingualism in Teaching and Learning: Complexities Across Contexts (pp. 7188). New York, NY/London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Pardeshi, P., Imai, S., Kiryu, K., Lee, S., Akasegawa, S., & Imamura, Y. (2012). Compilation of Japanese basic verb usage handbook for JFL learners: A project report. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 2(2), 3763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Partnership for 21st Century Learning. (2015). 21st century skills map. Retrieved from https://www.actfl.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/21stCenturySkillsMap/p21_worldlanguagesmap.pdfGoogle Scholar
Pasfield-Neofitou, S. (2011). Online domains of language use: Second language learners’ experiences of virtual community and foreignness. Language Learning & Technology, 15(2), 92108.Google Scholar
Pennycook, A., & Otsuji, E. (2015). Metrolingualism: Language in the city. New York, NY: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pizziconi, B. (2017). Japanese vocabulary development in and beyond study abroad: the timing of the year abroad in a language degree curriculum. The Language Learning Journal, 45(2), 133152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rinnert, C., Kobayashi, H., & Katayama, A. (2015). Argumentation text construction by Japanese as a foreign language writers: A dynamic view of transfer. The Modern Language Journal, 99(2), 213245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, H. (2013). L2 learners’ attitudes toward, and use of, mnemonic strategies when learning Japanese kanji. The Modern Language Journal, 97(4), 981992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, H., & Harbon, L. (2013). Self-regulation in second language learning: An investigation of the kanji-learning task. Foreign Language Annals, 46(1), 96107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, R. A. (2012). Syntactic attrition in L2 Japanese missionary language. In Hansen, L. (Ed.), Second language acquisition abroad: The LDS missionary experience (pp. 221244). Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakeda, M., & Kurata, N. (2016). Motivation and L2 selves: A study of learners of Japanese at an Australian University. Electronic Journal of Foriegn Languages Teaching, 13(1), 4967.Google Scholar
Sakoda, K., & Hosoi, Y. (2018). International corpus of Japanese as a second language (I-JAS): nihongo gakushuusha no gengo kenkyuu to shidoo no tame ni [Towards research and teaching of Japanese learners]. Eego Koopasu Kenkyuu [English Corpus Research], 25, 133150.Google Scholar
Sakurai, Y. (2012). Learners’ perceptions of ‘good’ foreign language teachers: A quantitative analysis between native and non-native teachers. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 9(1), 4660.Google Scholar
Sangawa, K., & Erjavec, T. (2012). JaSlo: Integration of Japanese-Slovene bilingual dictionary with a corpus search system. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 2(3), 125140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sato, E., Cheng, J. C. C., & Jourdain, S. (2017). Integrating digital technology in an intensive, fully online college course for Japanese beginning learners: A standards-based, performance-driven approach. The Modern Language Journal, 101(4), 756775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sato, S., Hasegawa, A., Kumagai, Y., & Kamiyoshi, U. (2015). Naiyōjūshi no hihanteki nihongo kyōiku: Riron to sono jissen [Critical content-based Japanese instruction: Theory and practice]. In Sato, S., Takami, T., Kamiyoshi, U., & Kumagai, Y. (Eds.), Naiyōjūshi no nihongo kyōiku: Naiyō jūshi no hihanteki nihongo kyōiku o mezashite [Content-based language instruction: Towards critical Japanese language education] (pp. 1335). Tokyo, Japan: Coco Publisher.Google Scholar
Sato, S., Hasegawa, A., Kumagai, Y., & Kamiyoshi, U. (2017). Content-based instruction for the social future: A recommendation for critical content-based instruction (CCBI). L2 Journal, 9, 5069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shao-Kobayashi, S. (2013). ‘My dad is Samurai’: Positioning of race and ethnicity surrounding a transnational Colombian Japanese high school student. Linguistics and Education, 24(3), 361372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shin, S. J. (2010). What about me? I'm not like Chinese but I'm not like American: Heritage-language learning and identity of mixed-heritage adults. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 9(3), 203219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soemer, A., & Schwan, S. (2012). Visual mnemonics for language learning: Static pictures versus animated morphs. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104(3), 565579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugo, S. (2014). Tokusei no kotonaru bunpoo-koomoku ni taisuru rikyasuto no apputeiku to ninshiki: Shigeki kaisoo intabyuu no bunseki [Learner perceptions and uptake of recasts on different grammatical targets: An analysis of simulated recall interviews]. Studies in Language Sciences: Journal of the Japanese Society for Language Sciences, 13, 192217.Google Scholar
Sunakawa, Y., Lee, J., & Takahara, M. (2012). The construction of a database to support the compilation of Japanese learners’ dictionaries. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 2(2), 97115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, S. (2013). Private turns: A student's off-screen behaviors during synchronous online Japanese instruction. CALICO Journal, 30(3), 371392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, S. (2015). Nationalism lite? The commodification of non-Japanese speech in Japanese media. Japanese Language and Literature, 49, 509529.Google Scholar
Tabata-Sandom, M. (2013). The reader-text-writer interaction: L2 Japanese learners’ responses toward graded readers. Reading in a Foreign Language, 25(2), 264282.Google Scholar
Tabata-Sandom, M. (2017). L2 Japanese learners’ responses to translation, speed reading, and ‘pleasure reading’ as a form of extensive reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 29(1), 113132.Google Scholar
Tagawa, M. (2012). Chuukyuu nihongo gakushuu-sha-no dokkai ni okeru yooten-to koozoo-no kizuki: Yooten tansaku katsudoo to koozoo tansaku katsudoo-no toogoo-to junjo-no eikyoo-o kyooryo-shite [Comprehension of main idea and text structure in reading among intermediate-level Japanese learners: The effect of main idea searching, structure searching, and their integration and order]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 151, 3447.Google Scholar
Taguchi, N. (2014). Development of interactional competence in Japanese as a second language: Use of incomplete sentences as interactional resources. The Modern Language Journal, 98(2), 518535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taguchi, N. (2015). Developing interactional competence in a Japanese study abroad context. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takahashi, N. (2013). The effectiveness and learners’ perception of teacher feedback on Japanese as a foreign language writing. Japan Studies Review, 17, 93118.Google Scholar
Takami, T., Kumagai, Y., Sato, S., Hasegawa, A., & Morioka, A. (2015). Amerika ni okeru naiyō jūshi no nihongo kyōiku (Content-based instruction in the U.S. context). In Sato, S., Takami, T., Kamiyoshi, U., & Kumagai, Y. (Eds.), Naiyōjūshi no nihongo kyōiku: Naiyō jūshi no hihanteki nihongo kyōiku o mezashite [Content-based language instruction: Towards critical Japanese language education] (pp. 77121). Tokyo, Japan: Coco Publisher.Google Scholar
Takemura, M. (2011). Chuugokujin nihongo gakushuusha no jujudooshibun rikai ni eikyoo-o oyobosu yooin: Shiten seiyaku to houkoosei ni chakumoku-shite [Factors affecting the comprehension of Japanese giving-receiving verbs by Chinese learners: Focusing on viewpoint and directionality]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 148, 129142.Google Scholar
Takimoto, M., & Hashimoto, H. (2011). Intercultural language learning through translation and interpreting: A study of advanced-level Japanese learners. Babel, 45, 1116.Google Scholar
Tanaka, M. (2013). Examining kanji learning motivation using self-determination theory. System, 41(3), 804816.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taniguchi, M. (2017). Hi-kanjikei nihongo gakushuusha-no kanji saisei-o konnan-ni-suru shoyooin [Factors that make the reproduction of kanji difficult for learners of Japanese language with non-kanji background]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 167, 114.Google Scholar
Terajima, H. (2016). Nihongo gakushuusha no korokeeshon no sentaku to sono koosatsu: DIC hoo to DIC-LP hoo no hikaku kara [A study of collocation selection in Japanese language learners]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 163, 7994.Google Scholar
The Japan Foundation. (2013). Survey reports on Japanese-language education abroad 2012. Tokyo, Japan: Kuroshio Publishers.Google Scholar
The Japan Foundation. (2017). Survey report on Japanese-language education abroad 2015. Retrieved from https://www.jpf.go.jp/j/project/japanese/survey/result/dl/survey_2015/Report_all_e.pdfGoogle Scholar
Thomas, M. (2013). Air writing and second language learners’ knowledge of Japanese kanji. Japanese Language and Literature, 47(1), 2358.Google Scholar
Thomas, M. (2014). A role for ‘air writing’ in second-language learners’ acquisition of Japanese in the age of the word processor. Journal of Japanese Linguistics, 30, 93113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, M. (2015). Air writing as a technique for the acquisition of Sino-Japanese characters by second language learners. Language Learning, 65(3), 631659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toyoda, E., Firdaus, A. M., & Kano, C. (2013). Identifying useful phonetic components of kanji for learners of Japanese. Japanese Language and Literature, 47, 235272.Google Scholar
Toyoda, E., & McNamara, T. (2011). Character recognition among English-speaking L2 readers of Japanese. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 21(3), 383406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsukada, K. (2012). Preliminary report on the kanji and katakana (K2) gym: Out-of-class character/vocabulary learning activities for Japanese language learners. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 6985.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsurutani, C. (2012). Evaluation of speakers with foreign-accented speech in Japan: The effect of accent produced by English native speakers. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 33(6), 589603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsutsumi, A. A. (2012). Educating for citizenship: A case study of Brazilians of Japanese descendent in public schools in Japan. Sino-US English Teaching, 9(5), 11641170.Google Scholar
Turner, M. (2013). Content-based Japanese language teaching in Australian schools: Is CLIL a good fit? Japanese Studies, 33, 33153330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ueno, M. (2013). Kaigo shisetsu ni okeru indoneshia-jin koohosha no nihongo-o meguru shomondai [The practical issues of Indonesian case worker candidates in a Japanese care facility: Analysis and issues raised from the view point of Japanese care workers]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 156, 115.Google Scholar
Ulambayar, T. (2013). Michi kanji goi no imi suisoku o unagasu shidoo no kooka: Suisoku tegakari no shiyoo to seikakusa no kanten kara [The efficacy of instruction encountering lexical inference of the meaning of unknown kanji words: From the perspective of the use and accuracy of knowledge sources at lexical inference]. Daini-gengo toshite no Nihongo no Shuutoku Kenkyuu [Acquistion of Japanese as a Second Language], 16, 178195.Google Scholar
Umino, T. (2011). Learning how to learn with media: A case of L2 group self-instruction. In Chan, W. M., Chin, K. N., Nagami, M., & Suthiwan, T. (Eds.), Media in foreign language teaching and learning (pp. 189216). Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Usami, K. (2013). Setsuzokushi “de” no shidoo ni kansuru jikkenteki kennkyuu: Inpputto koozui, inpputto kyooka, meijiteki-na bunpoo setsumei no kooka [Experimental research for instruction of the Japanese conjunction de: The effectiveness of input flood, input enhancement, and explicit grammar explanation]. Daini-gengo toshite no Nihongo no Shuutoku Kenkyuu [Acquisition of Japanese as a Second Language], 16, 196213.Google Scholar
Ushioda, E. (2013). International perspectives on motivation: Language learning and professional challenges. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ushioda, E., & Dörnyei, Z. (2017). Beyond global English: Motivation to learn languages in a multicultural world: Introduction to the special issue. The Modern Language Journal, 101(3), 451454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Deusen–Scholl, N. (2015). Assessing outcomes in online foreign language education: What are key measures for success? The Modern Language Journal, 99, 398400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VanPatten, B., & Smith, M. (2015). Aptitude as grammatical sensitivity and the initial states of learning Japanese as an L2: Parametric variation and case marking. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 37, 135165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, U., & Haddon, R. (2011). Foreign language learning conceptualizations of distance learners in New Zealand: Goals, challenges and responses. The Language Learning Journal, 39(3), 345364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, W. (2014). Assistance between learners of different proficiency levels in collaborative dialogue: The analysis of social dimension and cognitive dimension in collaborative dialogue. Daini-gengo toshite no Nihongo no Shuutoku Kenkyuu [Acquisition of Japanese as a Second Language], 17, 522.Google Scholar
Wang, X. (2013). Nihongo bogo bamen ni okeru hi-iraisha no kotowari koodoo ni taisuru yosoku to sono tegakari: Chuugokujin nihongo gakushuusha to nihongo bogo washa no ninchi no hikaku [Prediction and clues for refusing requests in native Japanese situations: A cognition-based comparison between Chinese learners and native speakers of Japanese]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 155, 142158.Google Scholar
Xu, Q. (2018). Chuugoku ni-okeru nihongo-senkoo-gakushuu-sha-no senkoo-no furiwake ni-yoru dooki-gentai-yooin-no hikaku [Japanese language learners in China: A comparison of demotivation factors between students who voluntarily choose Japanese language and those who study through major transfers]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 169, 4661.Google Scholar
Yabuki-Soh, N. (2012). Japanese noun-modifying constructions in L2 learners’ writing: The NPAH revisited. Studies in Language Sciences: Journal of the Japanese Society for Language Sciences, 11, 96113.Google Scholar
Yabuki-Soh, N. (2013). Types of Japanese non-modifying clauses used in JFL textbooks. Japanese Language and Literature, 47(1), 5992.Google Scholar
Yamada, T. (2014). Kyooshi-no biriifu-no henka yooin ni tsuite-no koosatsu: Nimei-no nihongo kyooshi eno PAC bunseki choosa kekka-no hikaku kara [Changes in Japanese language teachers’ beliefs over time: Identifying core beliefs using PAC analysis and semi-structured interviews]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 157, 3246.Google Scholar
Yang, M. (2011). Taiwan ni okeru nihongo gakushuusha-no dooki-zuke to keizoku sutorategii: Nihongo shus-enkoo hi-senkyoo gakushuu-sha-no hikaku [Motivation and perseverance strategies of Japanese language study students in Taiwan: Japanese language major vs. non-major students]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 150, 116130.Google Scholar
Yoshida, R. (2010). How do teachers and learners perceive corrective feedback in the Japanese language classroom? The Modern Language Journal, 94(2), 293341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshida, R. (2013a). Learners’ self-concept and use of the target language in foreign language classrooms. System, 41(4), 935951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshida, R. (2013b). Conflict between learners’ beliefs and actions: Speaking in the classroom. Language Awareness, 22(4), 371388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshimura, Y., & MacWhinney, B. (2010). Honorifics: A sociocultural verb agreement cue in Japanese sentence processing. Applied Psycholinguistics, 31(3), 551569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshioka, K. (2017). Acquisition of mimetics and the development of proficiency in L2 Japanese: A longitudinal case study of an L1 Dutch speaker's speech and gesture. In Iwasaki, N., Sells, P., & Akita, K. (Eds.), The grammar of Japanese mimetics: Perspectives from structure, acquisition, and translation (pp. 172192). London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Yoshizawa, M. (2010). L2 dokkai ni okeru goi-gakushuu to tekisuto rikai eno eikyoo: Involvement load kasetsu-no “kensaku (search)” no kooka-o kenshoo-suru [Cognitive load of involvement: Effect of ‘search’ activity to vocabulary learning and reading comprehension in a second language]. Dainigengo-toshite-no Nihongo-no Shuutoku Kenkyuu [Acquistion of Japanese as a Second Language], 13, 95113.Google Scholar
Zhang, Y. (2013). Nihongo gakushuu-sha-no ibunka taido ni kansuru ishiki choosa: Nihongo senkoo-no chuugokujin daigakusei-o taishoo ni [A survey of cross-cultural attitudes of Japanese language learners in China]. Nihongo Kyōiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 154, 100114.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, E. (2011). Discovering the co-construction of family practice and identity using conversation analysis: A case of a Korean speaker of Japanese in a host family setting. In Arita, S., Butler, Y. G., Hauser, E., Horie, K., Mazuka, R., Shirai, Y., & Tsubakita, J. (Eds.), Studies in language sciences: Papers from the tenth annual conference of the Japanese society for language sciences 10 (pp. 153168). Tokyo, Japan: Kuroshio Publishers.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, E., & McMeekin, A. (Eds). 2019). Technology-supported learning in and out of the Japanese language classroom advances in pedagogy, teaching and research. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar