Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T21:31:09.780Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Variation in a secret creole language of Panama

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 February 2009

Michael Aceto
Affiliation:
Department of Linguistics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712

Abstract

This article describes a secret language called “Gypsy” spoken in an English-derived creole speech community on the Caribbean island of Bastimentos in Panama. Data from this cryptolect are used as a means to examine language variation on the island. This article highlights the fact that a range of English-derived creole varieties exists in Bastimentos, lacking the effects of a lexically related metropolitan variety in the same geographical area. (Creole, cryptolect, Panama, secret language, speech play, variation)

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFENERENCE

Aceto, Michael (1995). Syntactic innovation in a Caribbean creole: The Bastimentos variety of Panamanian Creole English. To appear in English World-Wide.Google Scholar
Alleyne, Mervyn C. (1980). Comparative Afro-American. Ann Arbor: Karoma.Google Scholar
Atkins, John (1735). A voyage to Guinea, Brasil and the West Indies. London. (Reprinted, Northbrook, IL: Metro, 1972.)Google Scholar
Bailey, Beryl Loftman (1966). Jamaican Creole syntax: A transformational approach. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cabrera, Lydia (1970). Anagó Vocabulario Lucumi (el Yoruba que se habla en Cuba). Miami: Ediciones Universal.Google Scholar
Cassidy, F. G., & Le Page, R. B. (1967), eds. Dictionary of Jamaican English. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, Pedro I. (1976), ed. Primeras jornadas linguüísticas: el inglés criollo de Panamá. Panamá: Editorial Universitaria.Google Scholar
Collymore, Frank A. (1965). Notes for a glossary of words and phrases of Barbadian dialect. Bridgetown, Barbados: Advocate Company.Google Scholar
Hancock, Ian (1969). A provisional comparison of the English-based Atlantic Creoles. African Language Review 8:772.Google Scholar
Hancock, Ian (1987a). The Pariah syndrome. Ann Arbor: Karoma.Google Scholar
Hancock, Ian(1987b). A preliminary classification of the Anglophone Atlantic Creoles, with syntactic data from thirty-three representative dialects. In Gilbert, Glenn G. (ed.), Pidgin and creole languages, 264334. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Herzfeld, Anita (1983a). The creoles of Costa Rica and Panama. In Holm, John (ed.), Central American English, 131–56. Heidelberg: Groos.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herzfeld, Anita (1983b). Limon Creole and Panamanian Creole: Comparison and contrast. In Carrington, Lawrence (ed.), Studies in Caribbean language, 2337. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Society for Caribbean Linguistics.Google Scholar
Hinskens, Frans (1992). Dialect levelling in Limburg: Structural and sociolinguistic factors. Dissertation, University of Nijmegen. To be published by Niemeyer, Tübingen.Google Scholar
Hinskens, Frans (1994). What can sociolinguistics offer phonological theory - and vice versa? Paper presented at the 23rd Annual Conference on New Ways of Analyzing Variation,Stanford University,California.Google Scholar
Holm, John (1989). Pidgins and Creoles (2 vols.). Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Katada, Fusa (1990). On the representation of moras: Evidence from a language game. Linguistic Inquiry 21:641–46.Google Scholar
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara (1976), ed. Speech play: Research and resources for the study of linguistic creativity. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Page, Robert B., & Tabouret-Keller, Andrée (1985). Acts of identity: Creole-based approaches to language and ethnicity. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pichardo, D. Estéban (1862). Diccionario provincial (casi-razonado) de vozes Cubanas. Havana: Imprenta la Antilla.Google Scholar
Price, Richard, & Price, Sally (1976). Secret play languages in Saramaka: Linguistic disguise in a Caribbean Creole. In Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, (ed.), 3750.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, James C. (1985). Weapons of the weak: Everyday forms of peasant resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Sherzer, Joel (1976). Play languages: Implications for (socio) linguistics. In Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, (ed.), 1936.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stedman, John Gabriel (1988). Narrative of a five years expedition against the revolted Negroes of Surinam. Transcribed and edited by Price, Richard & Price, Sally. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Douglas (1977). Languages of the West Indies. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Thomas-Brereton, Leticia C. (1992). An exploration of Panamanian Creole English: Some syntactic, lexical and sociolinguistic features. Dissertation, New York University.Google Scholar
Trudgill, Peter (1986). Dialects in contact. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Winford, Donald (1993). Predication in Caribbean English Creoles. Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yip, Moira (1982). Reduplication and C-V skeleta in Chinese secret languages. Linguistic Inquiry 13:637–61.Google Scholar