Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T21:22:34.507Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Pronouns of address in Swedish: social class semantics and a changing system1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2008

Christina Bratt Paulston
Affiliation:
Department of General Linguistics, University of Pittsburgh

Abstract

One who has lived soon an entire century must learn to change all her habits, and habits of address surely are not the easiest. What comes simply and naturally in one place is wrong and ill-mannered in another (Former servant-girl, informant KU 2849).

Even an ordinary simple worker has today became aware of the fact that he also is a human being, and that the great machinery would not function if he did not play his part. An old conservative postmaster's wife said once to my mother, who was the simple wife of a worker: ‘I think things now are not the way they should be; the workers' conditions are so good that they dress so well that nowadays one cannot tell the difference between workers and fine folk.’ This utterance from a woman who believed she belonged to the fine folk my mother never forgot, and I myself have also remembered it (Retired railroad worker, informant KU 2768)

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ahlgren, P. (1973). Tilltalsordet Ni:s historia, unpublished Phil. Lic. dissertation, University of Uppsala.Google Scholar
Andersson, B., Holmquist, B., Ljungquist, L. & Lund, K. (1970). Om tilltalsskicket i modern Svenska. Unpublished ms. University of Lund.Google Scholar
Bates, E. & Benigni, L. (1975). Rules of address in Italy: a sociological survey. LinS 4. 271–88.Google Scholar
Beckman, N. (1947). Rang och pronomen. Nysvenska Studier 27 argangen. 99112.Google Scholar
Brown, R. & Gilman, A. (1960). The pronouns of power and solidarity. In Sebeok, T. (ed.) Style in language. Cambridge, Mass. The M.I.T. Press. 253376.Google Scholar
Ervin-Tripp, S. (1973). Language acquisition and communicative choice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Friedrich, P. (1972). Social context and semantic feature: The Russian pronominal usage In Gumperz, J. & Hymes, D. (eds.) Directions in sociolinguistics. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 270300.Google Scholar
Haugen, E. (1975). Pronominal address in Icelandic: from you-two to you-all. LinS 4. 323–39.Google Scholar
Hymes, D. (1972). Models of the interaction of language and social life. In Gumperz, J. & Hymes, D. (eds.) Directions in sociolinguistics. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 3571.Google Scholar
Hymes, D. (1974). Foundations in sociolinguistics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Jonz, J. (1975). Situated address in the United States Marine Corps. Anthropological Linguistics 17. 6877.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972). On the mechanism of linguistic change. in Gumperz, J. and Hymes, D. (eds.) Directions in sociolinguistics. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 512537.Google Scholar
Nordiska, Museet (1969). Etnologiska undersökningen, Fragelista 194, Tilltalsord, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Paulston, C. B. (1975). Language universals and socio-cultural implications in deviant usage: personal questions in Swedish. Studia Linguistica XXIX. 111. 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paulston, R. G. (1968). Educational change in Sweden. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Rosengren, K. E. (1963). Ni-reform nit. Studiekamraten. 6. 109112.Google Scholar
Svenska Dagbladet (1970). Sociala structuren lika efter 60 ar. August 15, 1970.Google Scholar
Söderberg, T. (1972). Tva sekler svensk medelklass. Stockholm: Bonniers.Google Scholar
Uthorn, N. (1959). Om NI i läroverk och seminar Modersmalslärarnas Förening. Arsskrift 1959. Lund: Skanska Central Tryckenet. 113–25.Google Scholar
Wellander, E. (1952). Ni eller Du? Svenska Dagbladet, August 13, 1952.Google Scholar
Wellander, E. (1964). Sprak och Sprakvard. Stockholm: Norstedts.Google Scholar