Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T20:56:41.841Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Modern Spanish once-removed in Philippine Creole Spanish: The case of Zamboangueño

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2008

John M. Lipski
Affiliation:
Department of Hispanic, & Classical Languages, University of Houston

Abstract

Philippine Creole Spanish, formed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, underwent partial decreolization toward the end of the Spanish presence in the Philippines, particularly in the city of Zamboanga. Following the American occupation of the Philippines, virtually all Spanish linguistic influence has disappeared, but contemporary Zamboangueño continues to exhibit continuing incorporation of elements of standard Spanish, in the nearly total absence of a pool of Spanish speakers. The present study explores the status of the Zamboangueño dialect, discusses the various stages of decreolization in the direction of Spanish, and suggests possible avenues for the continued introduction of elements from an acrolect which, for all intents and purposes, is no longer generally available to residents of Zamboanga. (Creole studies, contact vernaculars)

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Andersen, R. (1974). Nativization and hispanization in the Papiamenlu of Curaçao. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas.Google Scholar
Apostol, F. (19621967). The Chabacano dialect. Series of articles appearing in the Southern Tribune, Zamboanga City, from 5 December 1962 to 15 February 1967.Google Scholar
Apostol, F. (1967). Cartilla Zamboangueña. Zamboanga City: “El Maestro.”Google Scholar
Batalha, G. N. (1960). Coincidências com o dialecto de Macau em dialectos espanhóis das Ilhas Filipinas. Bolelim de Filologia 19: 295303.Google Scholar
Batausa, C. (1969). A descriptive-contrastive analysis of Chabacano and Tagalog noun reduplication patterns. M.A. thesis, University of the Philippines.Google Scholar
Bautista, M. L. (1975a). The Filipino bilingual's linguistic competence: A model based on an analysis of Tagalog-English code switching. Ph.D. dissertation, Ateneo de Manila University.Google Scholar
Bautista, M. L. (1975b). A model of bilingual competence based on an analysis of Tagalog-English code switching. Philippine Journal of Linguistics 6(1): 5189.Google Scholar
Bauzon, L. (1980). Relaciones intercoloniales mexicano-filipinas. In de la Torre Villar, E. (ed.), La expansión hispanoamericana en Asia: siglos XVI y XVII. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica. 7785.Google Scholar
Bernal, R. (1965). México en filipinas: estudio de una transculturación. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.Google Scholar
Bowen, J. D. (1971). Hispanic languages and influence in Oceania. In Sebeok, T. (ed.), Current trends in linguistics, vol. 8. The Hague: Mouton. 938–52.Google Scholar
Buen Noticia na Chabacano. (1982). Zamboanga: Claretian.Google Scholar
Chaunu, P. (1960). Les Philippines et le Pacifique des Iberiques XVIe, XVIIe, XVIIIe siecles. Paris: S.E.V.P.E.N.Google Scholar
Craig, D. (1977). Creole languages and primary education. In Valdman, A. (ed.), Pidgin and Creole linguistics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 313–32.Google Scholar
Domingo, P. (1967). Aspect and tense in Spanish and Zamboanga verbs. M.A. thesis, University of the Philippines.Google Scholar
El nuevo testamento. (1981). Manila: New York International Bible Society.Google Scholar
Evangelista, J. (1972). An analytical study of the Chabacano verb. M.A. thesis, Central Philippine University, Iloilo City.Google Scholar
Forman, M. (1972). Zamboangueño texts with grammatical analysis. Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University.Google Scholar
Frake, C. (1971). Lexical origins and semantic structure in Philippine Creole Spanish. In Hymes, D. (ed.), Pidginization and creolization of languages. Cambridge University Press. 223–42.Google Scholar
Frake, C. (1980). Zamboangueno verb expressions. In Dil, A. (ed.), Language and cultural description: Essays by Charles O. Frake. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 277310.Google Scholar
Friedemann, N., & Patiño Roselli, C. (1983). Lengua y sociedad en el Palenque de San Basilio. Bogota: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.Google Scholar
Germán, A. (1932). The Spanish dialect of Cavite. M.A. thesis, University of the Philippines.Google Scholar
Gonzalez, A. (1980). Language and nationalism: The Philippine experience thus far. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.Google Scholar
Gonzalez, A. (1982). English in the Philippines mass media. In Pride, J. (ed.), New Englishes. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House. 211–26.Google Scholar
Hancock, I. (1973). Malacca Creole Portuguese: A brief transformational outline. TeReo 16: 2344.Google Scholar
Hancock, I. (1975). Malacca Creole Portuguese: Asian, African or European? Anthropological Linguistics 17: 211–36.Google Scholar
Lipski, J. (in press a). El español hablado en Filipinas: breves apuntes. Anuario de Letras (Mexico).Google Scholar
Lipski, J. (in press b). Vestigial Spanish and creole Spanish: Evolutionary parallels. Linguistics.Google Scholar
Lipski, J. (in press c). On the construction ta + infinitive in Caribbean bozal Spanish. Romance Philology.Google Scholar
Lipski, J. (in press d). Philippine Creole Spanish dialects: Problems and proposals. Oceania.Google Scholar
Lipski, J. (in press e). The Portuguese element in Philippine Creole Spanish: A critical assessment. Philippine Journal of Linguistics.Google Scholar
Llamado, L. (1969). An analysis of the basic structure of Cavite Chabacano. M.A. thesis, Philippine Normal College, Manila.Google Scholar
Llamado, L. (1972). Phrase-structure rules of Cavite Chavacano. Philippine Journal of Linguistics 3: 6796.Google Scholar
Llamzon, T. (1969). Standard Filipino English. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.Google Scholar
Lopez, C. (1965). The Spanish overlay in Tagalog. Lingua 14: 467504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macasantos, A. (1971). A contrastive analysis of Spanish and Chabacano concordance of forms and structures of noun-head modifications. M.A. thesis, University of the Philippines.Google Scholar
Maño, T. (1963). The Zamboanga Chabacano grammar. Far Eastern University Journal (Manila) 04: 672–82.Google Scholar
McKaughan, H. (1954). Notes on Chabacano grammar. Journal of East Asiatic Studies 3: 205–26.Google Scholar
Miranda, G. (1956). El dialecto chabacano de Cavite. Dumaguete City: n. p.Google Scholar
Molony, C. (1973). Sound changes in Chabacano. In Gonzalez, A. (ed.), Parangal Kay López: Essays in honor of Cecilia López on his Seventy-fifth birthday. Quezon City: Linguistic Society of the Philippines. 3850.Google Scholar
Molony, C. (1977a). Semantic changes in Chabacano. In Meisel, J. (ed.), Langues en contact – pidgins – Creoles/Languages in contact. Tübingen: Gunter Narr. 153–66.Google Scholar
Molony, C. (1977b). Recent relexification processes in Philippine Creole Spanish. In Blount, B. & Sanches, M. (eds.), Sociocultural dimensions of language change. New York: Academic. 131–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molony, C. (1978). Lexical change in Philippine Creole Spanish. In McCormack, W. & Wurm, S. (eds.), Approaches to language: Anthropological issues. The Hague: Mouton. 401–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morales Goulet, R. (1971). English, Spanish and Tagalog: A study of grammatical, lexical and cultural interference. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines.Google Scholar
Mugler, F. (1983). A comparative study of the pronominal system of Romance-based Creoles. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Muysken, P. (1981). Creole tense/mood/aspect systems: The unmarked case? In Muysken, P. (ed.), Generative studies in Creole languages. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Foris. 181200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nigoza, E. (1985). Notes on Ternateño vocabulary. Manuscript, Ternate City.Google Scholar
Orendain, A. (ed.) (1984). Zamboanga Hermosa: Memories of the old town. Manila: Filipinas Foundation.Google Scholar
Pascasio, E. (1978). Dynamics of code-switching in the business domain. Philippine Journal of Linguistics 9(1–2): 4050.Google Scholar
Phelan, J. (1959). The Hispanization of the Philippines. Madison: University of Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Quilis, A. (1970). Notas de morfología verbal sobre el español hablado en Cavite y Zamboanga (Filipinas). In Homenaje universitario a Dámaso Alonso. Madrid: Gredos. 5963.Google Scholar
Quilis, A. (1980). Le sort de l'espagnol aux Philippines: un problème de langues en contact. Revue de Linguistique Romane 44: 82107.Google Scholar
Quilis, A. (1984). La lengua española en las Islas Filipinas. Cuadernos del Centra Cultural de la Embajada de España (Manila) 11: 122.Google Scholar
Riego de Dios, M. I. (1976a). The Cotabato Chabacano verb. Philippine Journal of Linguistics 7: 4859.Google Scholar
Riego de Dios, M. I. (1976b). A composite dictionary of Philippine Creole Spanish. Ph.D. dissertation, Ateneo de Manila University.Google Scholar
Riego de Dios, M. I. (1978). A pilot study on the dialects of Philippine Creole Spanish. Studies in Philippine Linguistics 20: 7781.Google Scholar
Santos y Gomez, A. (1924). The Caviteño dialect. Tagalog Paper 448 of the Beyer Collection, Philippine National Library, Manila.Google Scholar
Saulo, A., & Ocampo, E. (1985). History of Cavite. Trece Martires City: Government of Cavite.Google Scholar
Schuchardt, H. (1884). Kreolische Studien III: ueber das Malaiospanische der Philippinen. Sitzungsberichle der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wein 105, 111–50.Google Scholar
Sibayan, B. (1971). The Philippines. In Sebeok, T. (ed.), Current trends in linguistics, vol. 8. The Hague: Mouton. 1038–62.Google Scholar
Taylor, D. (1971). Grammatical and lexical affinities of Creoles. In Hymes, D. (ed.), Pidginization and creolization of languages. Cambridge University Press. 293–96.Google Scholar
Tinelli, H. (1983). Creole morphology and the patchwork perspective. Orbis 30: 6879.Google Scholar
Tirana, T. (1923). An account of the Ternate dialect of Cavite. Tagalog Paper 487 of the Beyer Collection, Philippine National Library, Manila.Google Scholar
Warren, J. (1975). Trade, raid, slave: The socio-economic patterns of the Sulu zone, 1770–1898. Ph.D. dissertation, Australian National University, Canberra.Google Scholar
Whinnom, K. (1954). Spanish in the Philippines. Journal of Oriental Studies 1: 129–94.Google Scholar
Whinnom, K. (1956). Spanish contact vernaculars in the Philippines. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University.Google Scholar
Whinnom, K. (1965). Origin of European-based Creoles and pidgins. Orbis 14: 510–27.Google Scholar
Wolff, J. (19731974). The character of borrowings from Spanish and English in the languages of the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Linguistics 4–5(1–2): 7282.Google Scholar