Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T06:57:57.209Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Mobility-aware balanced scheduling algorithm in mobile Grid based on mobile agent

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2014

Jonghyuk Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Computer Science Education, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Sungjin Choi
Affiliation:
Cloud Service Business Unit, KT 17 Umyeon-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-792, Korea e-mail: [email protected]
Taeweon Suh
Affiliation:
Department of Computer Science Education, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Heonchang Yu
Affiliation:
Department of Computer Science Education, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

The emerging Grid is extending the scope of resources to mobile devices and sensors that are connected through loosely connected networks. Nowadays, the number of mobile device users is increasing dramatically and the mobile devices provide various capabilities such as location awareness that are not normally incorporated in fixed Grid resources. Nevertheless, mobile devices exhibit inferior characteristics such as poor performance, limited battery life, and unreliable communication, compared with fixed Grid resources. Especially, the intermittent disconnection from network owing to users’ movements adversely affects performance, and this characteristic makes it inefficient and troublesome to adopt the synchronous message delivery in mobile Grid. This paper presents a mobile Grid system architecture based on mobile agents that support the location management and the asynchronous message delivery in a multi-domain proxy environment. We propose a novel balanced scheduling algorithm that takes users’ mobility into account in scheduling. We analyzed users mobility patterns to quantitatively measure the resource availability, which is classified into three types: full availability, partial availability, and unavailability. We also propose an adaptive load-balancing technique by classifying mobile devices into nine groups depending on availability and by utilizing adaptability based on the multi-level feedback queue to handle the job type change. The experimental results show that our scheduling algorithm provides a superior performance in terms of execution times to the one without considering mobility and adaptive load-balancing.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press, 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Athanaileas, T. E., Tselikas, N. D., Tsoulos, G. V. & Kaklamani, D. I. 2007. An agent-based framework for integrating mobility into Grid services. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on MOBILe Wireless MiddleWARE, Operating Systems, and Applications, Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.Google Scholar
Bagci, F., Petzold, J., Trumler, W. & Ungerer, T. 2003. Ubiquitous mobile agent system in a P2P-network. In UbiSys-Workshop at the Fifth Annual Conference on Ubiquitous Computing.Google Scholar
Baik, M., Yang, K., Shon, J. & Hwang, C. 2003. Message Transferring Model between Mobile Agents in Multi-region Mobile Agent Computing Environment. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2713, 517525, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.Google Scholar
Balazinska, M. & Castro, P. 2003. Characterizing mobility and network usage in a corporatewireless local-area network. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys 2003).Google Scholar
Banavar, G., Beck, J., Gluzberg, E., Munson, J., Sussman, J. & Zukowski, D. 2000. Challenges: an application model for pervasive computing. In Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. ACM.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baumann, J. 1999. A Comparison of Mechanisms for Locating Mobile Agents. Research Report, 3333, IBM.Google Scholar
Baumann, J., Hohl, F., Rothermel, K. & Straer, M. 1998. Mole – concepts of a mobile agent system. World Wide Web 1, 123137.Google Scholar
Baumann, J. & Rothermel, K. 1998. The shadow approach: an orphan detection protocot for hobite agents. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 2, 100108.Google Scholar
Bellavista, P., Corradi, A. & Monti, S. 2005. Integrating web services and mobile agent systems. In 25th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops.Google Scholar
Cabri, G., Leonardi, L. & Zambonelli, F. 2000. Mobile-agent coordination models for internet applications. IEEE Computer 33, 8289.Google Scholar
Cardoso, R. S. & Kon, F. 2002. Mobile agents: a key for effective pervasive computing. In Proceedings of Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA 2002).Google Scholar
Casanova, H., Legrand, A. & Quinson, M. 2008. SimGrid: a generic framework for large-scale distributed experiments. In 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation.Google Scholar
Choi, S., Choo, H., Baik, M., Kim, H. & Byun, E. 2009. ODDUGI: ubiquitous mobile agent system. In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2009.Google Scholar
Choi, S., Kim, H., Byun, E., Hwang, C. & Baik, M. 2006. Reliable Asynchronous Message Delivery for mobile agents. IEEE Internet Computing 10, 1625.Google Scholar
Czajkowski, K., Ferguson, D., Foster, I., Frey, J., Graham, S., Maguire, T., Snelling, D. & Tuecke, S. 2004. From open Grid services infrastructure to WS-Resource Framework: refactoring & evolution, Global Grid Forum Draft Recommendation.Google Scholar
Deugo, D. 2001. Mobile agent messaging models. In Fifth International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems. IEEE Computer Society.Google Scholar
Domel, P., Lingnau, A. & Drobnik, O. 1997. Mobile Agent Interaction in Heterogeneous Environments. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1219, 136–148, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.Google Scholar
Dunne, C. R. 2001. Using mobile agents for network resource discovery in peer-to-peer networks. ACM SIGecom Exchanges 2, 19.Google Scholar
Farooq, U. & Khalil, W. 2006. A generic mobility model for resource prediction in mobile Grids. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems.Google Scholar
Foster, I. 2006. Globus Toolkit Version 4: software for service-oriented systems. Journal of Computer Science and Technology 21, 513520.Google Scholar
Foster, I., Jennings, N. R. & Kesselman, C. 2004. Brain meets brawn: why Grid and agents need each other. In Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2004).Google Scholar
Foster, I. & Kesselman, C. 2004. The Grid 2: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure, Morgan Kaufmann.Google Scholar
Foster, I., Kesselman, C., Nick, J. M. & Tuecke, S. 2002. The physiology of the Grid: an Open Grid Services Architecture for distributed systems, Integration Open Grid Service Infrastructure WG, Global Grid Forum.Google Scholar
Fuggetta, A., Picco, G. P. & Vigna, G. 1998. Understanding code mobility. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 24, 342361.Google Scholar
Fukuda, M., Bic, L. F., Dillencourt, M. B. & Merchant, F. 2001. MESSENGERS: distributed programming using mobile autonomous objects. Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science 5, 95112.Google Scholar
Fukuda, M., Tanaka, Y., Suzuki, N., Bic, L. F. & Kobayashi, S. 2003. A mobile-agent-based PC Grid. In Proceedings of the Autonomic Computing Workshop Fifth Annual International Workshop on Active Middleware Services (AMS’03).Google Scholar
Ghosh, P., Roy, N. & Das, S. K. 2007. Mobility-aware efficient job scheduling in mobile Grids. In Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid.Google Scholar
Glass, G. 1999. ObjectSpace Voyager Core Package Technical Overview. Mobility: Processes, Computers, and Agents, ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Gray, R. S., Cybenko, G., Kotz, D., Peterson, R. A. & Rus, D. 2002. D’Agents: applications and performance of a mobile-agent system. Software: Practice and Experience 32, 543573.Google Scholar
Henderson, T. & Kotz, D. 2007. CRAWDAD The dartmouth/campus dataset. Available from http://crawdad.org/~crawdad/dartmouth/campus/.Google Scholar
Huang, C.-Q., Zhu, Z.-T., Wu, Y.-H. & Xia, Z.-H. 2006. Power-aware hierarchical scheduling with respect to resource intermittence in wireless Grids. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, D., Lauvset, K. J., Renesse, R. v., Schneider, F. B., Sudmann, N. P. & Jacobsen, K. 2002. A tacoma retrospective. Software Practice and Experience 32, 605619.Google Scholar
Karnik, N. M. & Tripathi, A. R. 1998. Design issues in mobile agent programming systems. IEEE Concurrency 6, 5261.Google Scholar
Kleinrock, L. & Muntz, R. R. 1972. Processor sharing queueing models of mixed scheduling disciplines for time shared system. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery 19, 464482.Google Scholar
Kurdi, H., Li, M. & Al-Raweshidy, H. 2008. A classification of emerging and traditional Grid systems. IEEE Distributed Systems Online 9(3), 1, IEEE.Google Scholar
Lange, D. B. & Oshima, M. 1998. Programming and Deploying Java Mobile Agents with Aglets, Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Lee, J., Song, S., Gil, J., Chung, K., Suh, T. & Yu, H. 2009. Balanced scheduling algorithm considering availability in mobile Grid. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Advances in Grid and Pervasive Computing, 211–222.Google Scholar
Lingnau, A. & Drobnik, O. 1998. Agent-user Communications: Requests, Results, Interaction. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1477, 209221, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.Google Scholar
Litke, A., Skoutas, D., Tserpes, K. & Varvarigou, T. 2007. Efficient task replication and management for adaptive fault tolerance in mobile Grid environments. Future Generation Computer Systems 23, 163178.Google Scholar
Litke, A., Skoutas, D. & Varvarigou, T. 2004. Mobile Grid computing: changes and challenges of resource management in a mobile Grid environment. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Practical Aspects of Knowledge Management (PAKM 2004).Google Scholar
Maes, P., Guttman, R. H. & Moukas, A. G. 1999. Agents that buy and sell. Communications of the ACM 42, 8191.Google Scholar
Maheswaran, M., Ali, S., Siegel, H. J., Hensgen, D. & Freund, R. F. 1999. Dynamic matching and scheduling of a class of independent tasks onto heterogeneous computing systems. In Proceedings of the Eighth Heterogeneous Computing Workshop.Google Scholar
Migliardi, M., Maheswaran, M., Maniymaran, B., Card, P. & Azzedin, F. 2002. Mobile interfaces to computational, data, and service Grid systems. ACM SIGMOBILE: Mobile Computing and Communications Review 6, 7173.Google Scholar
Murphy, A. L. & Picco, G. P. 2002. Reliable communication for highly mobile agents. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 5, 81100.Google Scholar
Nurmi, D., Brevik, J. & Wolski, R. 2005. Modeling machine availability in enterprise and wide-area distributed computing environments. In Euro-Par 2005 Parallel Processing.Google Scholar
OMG 1997. Mobile agent system interoperability facilities specification. OMG TC Document orbos/97-10-05.Google Scholar
Park, S.-M., Ko, Y.-B. & Kim, J.-H. 2003. Disconnected operation service in mobile Grid computing. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Service Oriented Computing. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Peine, H. 2002. Application and programming experience with the ara mobile agent system. Software: Practice and Experience 32, 515541.Google Scholar
Perkins, C. E. & Johnson, D. B. 1996. Mobility support in IPv6. In Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. ACM.Google Scholar
Phan, T., Huang, L. & Dulan, C. 2002. Challenge: integrating mobile wireless devices into the computational Grid. In Proceedings of the 8th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. ACM.Google Scholar
Puliafito, A., Tomarchio, O. & Vita, L. 2000. MAP: design and implementation of a mobile agent platform. Journal of System Architecture 46, 145162.Google Scholar
Satoh, I. 2000. MobileSpaces: a framework for building adaptive distributed applications using a hierarchical mobile agent system. In Proceedings of the 20th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS’00). IEEE Computer Society, 1999.Google Scholar
Silva, L., Simões, P., Soares, G., Martins, P., Batista, V., Renato, C., Almeida, L. & Stohr, N. 1999. JAMES: a platform of mobile agents for the management of telecommunication networks. In Intelligent Agents for Telecommunication Applications, Albayrak, S. (ed.). Springer.Google Scholar
Spyrou, C., Samaras, G., Pitoura, E. & Evripidou, P. 2004. Mobile agents for wireless computing: the convergence of wireless computational models with mobile-agent technologies. Mobile Networks and Applications 9, 517528.Google Scholar
Stefano, A. D. & Santoro, C. 2002. Locating mobile agents in a wide distributed environment. In IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 844–864.Google Scholar
Stevenson, G., Nixon, P. & Ferguson, R. I. 2003. A general purpose programming framework for ubiquitous computing environments. UbiSys-Workshop at the Fifth Annual Conference on Ubiquitous Computing.Google Scholar
Wedlund, E. & Schulzrinne, H. 1999. Mobility support using SIP. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Wireless Mobile Multimedia. ACM.Google Scholar
White, J. 1996. Mobile Agents White Paper. General Magic.Google Scholar
Wojciechowski, P. T. 2001. Algorithms for location-independent communication between mobile agents. In Proceedings of AISB’01 Symposium on Software Mobility and Adaptive Behaviour.Google Scholar
Wong, D., Paciorek, N. & Moore, D. 1999. Java-based mobile agents. Communications of the ACM 42, 92102.Google Scholar
Wong, D., Paciorek, N., Walsh, T., DiCelie, J., Young, M. & Peet, B. 1997. Concordia: an infrastructure for collaborating mobile agents. In Mobile Agents, Rothermel, K. & Popescu-Zeletin, R. (eds). Springer.Google Scholar
Zahreddine, W. & Mahmoud, Q. H. 2005. An agent-based approach to composite mobile Web services. In 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2005).Google Scholar