Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T20:00:39.521Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Modeling emotional action for social characters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2008

Hongwei Yang ,
Zhigeng Pan ,
Mingmin Zhang  and
Chunhua Ju
Hongwei Yang
Affiliation:
State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Zhigeng Pan
Affiliation:
State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Mingmin Zhang
Affiliation:
State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Chunhua Ju
Affiliation:
Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; e-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Emotion is an important aspect of human intelligence and has been shown to play a significant role in the human decision-making process. This paper proposes a comprehensive computational model of emotions that can be incorporated into the physiological and social components of the emotions. Since interaction between characters can have a major impact on emotional dynamics, the model presents a social learning component for learning associations among characters, which in turn affects the character’s decision-making and social interactions. The model also designs a set of personality progression functions to enhance individual differences. In addition, we demonstrate this empirically through a computer simulation of a dynamic environment inhabited by a few characters to test our emotional model. The experiments show the effectiveness of our emotional model to build believable characters during interaction with the virtual environment.

Type
Article
Information
The Knowledge Engineering Review , Volume 23 , Issue 4 , December 2008 , pp. 321 - 337
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Argyle, M. 1990. Bodily Communication. Routledge.Google Scholar
Balkenius, C. & Moren, J. 2000. A computational model of context processing. From Animals to Animals 6, 256–265.Google Scholar
Bates, J., Loyall, A. B. & Reilly, W. S. N. 1992. An Architecture for Action, Emotion, and Social Behavior. Carnegie Mellon University. Technical report CMU-CS-92-144.Google Scholar
Blumberg, B., Downie, M., Ivanov, Y., Berlin, M., Johnson, M. P. & Tomlinson, B. 2002. Integrated learning for interactive synthetic characters. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, 417–426.Google Scholar
Canamero, D. 1997. Modeling motivations and emotions as a basis for intelligent behavior. In Proceedings of Agents 97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cañamero, L. 2003. Designing emotions for activity selection in autonomous agents. Emotions in Humans and Artifacts, 115–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chittaro, L. & Serra, M. 2004. Behavioral programming of autonomous characters based on probabilistic automata and personality. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds 15(34), 319–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damasio, A. R. 2000. Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. Putnam.Google Scholar
Dörner, D. & Hille, K. 1995. Articial souls: motivated emotional robots. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 3828–3832.Google Scholar
Egges, A., Kshirsagar, S. & Magnenat-Thalmann, N. 2004. Generic personality and emotion simulation for conversational agents. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds 15(1), 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekman, P. 1992. An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion 6(3/4), 169–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliott, C. D. 1992. The Affective Reasoner: A Process Model of Emotions in a Multiagent System. PhD thesis, Northwestern University.Google Scholar
El-Nasr, M. S., Yen, J. & Ioerger, T. R. 2000. FLAME-fuzzy logic adaptive model of emotions. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 3(3), 219–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gadanho, S. C. 2001. Emotion-triggered learning in autonomous robot control. Cybernetics and Systems 32(5), 531–559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goleman, D. 1995. Emotional Intelligence. Bantam Books.Google Scholar
Konev, A. D., Sinitsyn, E. S. & Kim, V. V. 1988. Information theory of emotions in heuristic learning. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 18(5), 408–411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lim, M. Y., Aylett, R. & Jones, C. M. 2005. Emergent affective and personality model. In Proceedings of Intelligent Virtual Agent, 371–380.Google Scholar
Loyall, A. B., Reilly, W. S. N., Bates, J. & Weyhrauch, P. 2004. System for authoring highly interactive, personality-rich interactive characters. In Proceedings of 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, 59–68.Google Scholar
Marsella, S. & Gratch, J. 2006. EMA: a computational model of appraisal dynamics. European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research.Google Scholar
Martinez-miranda, J. & Aldea, A. 2005. Emotions in human and artificial intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior 21(2), 323–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maslow, A. H. 1970. Motivation and Personality. Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Mayer, J. D. & Salovey, P. 1993. The intelligence of emotional. Intelligence 17, 433–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCrae, R. R. & Costa, P. T. 1996. Toward a new generation of personality theories: theoretical contexts for the five-factor model. In The Five-Factor Model of Personality: Theoretical Perspectives, Wiggins, J. S. (ed.), 51–87.Google Scholar
Ortony, A., Collins, A. & Clore, G. L. 1988. The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pan, Z. G., Yang, H. W., Xu, B. & Zhang, M. M. 2005. Building a believable character for real-time virtual environments. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, 683–690.Google Scholar
Picard, R. W. 1997. Affective Computing. The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Reilly, W. S. N. 1996. Believable Social and Emotional Agents. PhD thesis, University of Birmingham.Google Scholar
Reilly, W. S. N. 2006. Modeling what happens between emotional antecedents and emotional consequents. In Proceedings of the 18th European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research, 607–612.Google Scholar
Roseman, I. J., Spindel, M. S. & Jose, P. E. 1990. Appraisals of emotion-eliciting events: testing a theory of discrete emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59(5), 899–915.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rousseau, D. & Hayes-Roth, B. 1998. A social-psychological model for synthetic actors. In Proceedings of Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, 165–172.Google Scholar
Sloman, A., Beaudoin, L. & Wright, I. P. 1994. Computational modeling of motive-management processes. In Proceedings of the Conference of the International Society for Research in Emotions. Cambridge, 344–348.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, B. & Blumberg, B. 2002. Alphawolf: social learning, emotion and development in autonomous virtual agents. In First GSFC/JPL Workshop on Radical Agent Concepts, 35–45.Google Scholar
Vinayagamoorthy, V., Gillies, M., Steed, A., Tanguy, E., Pan, X., Loscos, C. & Slater, M. 2006. Building expression into virtual characters. In Proceedings of Eurographics State of the Art Reports.Google Scholar