Two biases in estimating range sizes of Amazonian plant species

Abstract

The Amazonian rain forests form one of the largest areas of continuous forest in the world, and they harbour a substantial part of the world's biodiversity (World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1992). The extravagant species richness of Amazonia makes collecting information on species distribution patterns there a formidable challenge. Relatively few studies have been able to provide data that cover both a large enough number of species and wide enough geographical areas to allow relevant biogeographical and ecological generalizations (such studies concerning plants include Balslev 1988, de Oliveira & Daly 1999, Pitman et al. 1999, Prance 1973, ter Steege et al. 2000, Terborgh & Andresen 1998, Tuomisto & Poulsen 1996). The scarcity of field observations is undoubtedly one of the reasons why very different ideas exist about the mechanisms that control plant distributions and patterns of species richness in Amazonia (Balslev 1988, Condit 1996, Gentry 1988, Nelson et al 1990, Pitman et al. 1999, Prance 1973, 1982; ter Steege et al. 2000, Tuomisto et al. 1995).