Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T18:17:03.518Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Site characteristics and the distribution of tree species in Mixed Dipterocarp Forest on Tertiary sediments in central Sarawak, Malaysia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

I. C. Baillie
Affiliation:
Departments of Soil Science and Plant Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 2UD, Scotland, UK
P. S. Ashton
Affiliation:
Departments of Soil Science and Plant Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 2UD, Scotland, UK
M. N. Court
Affiliation:
Departments of Soil Science and Plant Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 2UD, Scotland, UK
J. A. R. Anderson
Affiliation:
Departments of Soil Science and Plant Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 2UD, Scotland, UK
E. A. Fitzpatrick
Affiliation:
Departments of Soil Science and Plant Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 2UD, Scotland, UK
J. Tinsley
Affiliation:
Departments of Soil Science and Plant Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 2UD, Scotland, UK

Abstract

Site data from 291 forest inventory plots in Mixed Dipterocarp Forest in central Sarawak were simplified by factor analysis. The distribution of the 33 commonest canopy tree species was related to site factor scores by ‘t’ tests. There appears to be a degree of edaphic influence on the distribution of many species. Fairly constant soil characteristics related to the lithology of the parent material appear to be more important than ephemerally variable pro perties such as organic matter or exchangeable cations. Magnesium appears to be particularly important, possibly because of an effect on the capacity of mycorrhizal root systems to absorb phosphorus.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

LITERATURE CITED

Ashton, P. S. 1963. A note on the formation of a rational classification of floristic and structural variation within the Mixed Diperocarp Forests of Sarawak and Brunei for forestry and land use planning. Pp. 185197 in Proceedings of Symposium on Humid Tropics Vegetation. UNESCO, Paris.Google Scholar
Ashton, P. S. 1964a. Ecological studies in the Mixed Dipterocarp Forests of Brunei State. Oxford Forest Memoir 25, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Ashton, P. S. 1964b. Manual of dipterocarp trees in Brunei State. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Ashton, P. S. 1968. Manual of dipterocarp trees of Brunei State and Sarawak - supplement. Government Printer, Kuching.Google Scholar
Ashton, P. S. 1969. Speciation among tropical trees: some deductions in the light of recent evidence. Biological Journal of Linnaean Society 1:155196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashton, P. S. 1973. Report on research undertaken during the years 1963–1967 on the ecology of Mixed Dipterocarp Forest in Sarawak. University of Aberdeen and Ministry of Overseas Development, London.Google Scholar
Ashton, P. S. 1976. Mixed Dipterocarp Forest and its variation with habitat in the Malayan lowlands: a re-evaluation of Pasoh. Malayan Forester 39:5672.Google Scholar
Ashton, P. S. 1978. Flora Malesiana Precursores: Dipterocarpaceae. Gardens Bulletin Singapore 31:548.Google Scholar
Ashton, P. S. 1981. The need for information regarding tree age and growth in tropical forests. Pp. 36 in H.Bormann, F. Bormann, F. & G., Berlyn (eds). Age and growth rates in tropical trees. School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Bulletin 94, Yale University, Ithaca.Google Scholar
Ashton, P. S. 1982. Dipterocarpaceae. Flora Malesiana 9:237552.Google Scholar
Austin, M. P., Greig-Smith, P. & Ashton, P. S. 1972. The application of quantitative methods to vegetation survey. III. A re-examination of rain forest data from Brunei. Journal of Ecology 60:305324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, J. M. 1967. Chemical changes in a Sarawak soil after fertilisation and crop growth. Plant and Soil 27:3352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baillie, I. C. 1976. Further studies on drought in Sarawak, East Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Geography 43:2029.Google Scholar
Baillie, I. C. & Ahmed, M. I. 1984. The variability of Red Yellow Podzolic soils under Mixed Dipterocarp Forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography 9:113.Google Scholar
Bross, I. D. J. 1958. How to use Ridit analysis. Biometrics 14:1838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, M. B. & Forsythe, A. B. 1974. The small sample behavior of some statistics which test the equality of several means. Technometrics 16:129132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cattell, R. B. 1966. The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research 1:245276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Child, D. 1970. The essentials of factor analysis. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, London.Google Scholar
J.Dixon, W. Dixon, W. (ed.). 1973. Biomedical computer programs. University of California Press, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Fedorov, A. 1966. The structure of the tropical rain forest and speciation in the humid tropics. Journal of Ecology 54:111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fidp, . 1974. An inventory of the Mixed Dipterocarp Forest of Sarawak 1969–1972. Technical Report 2, Forest Industries Development Project, FAO/UNDP, Kuala Lumpur.Google Scholar
Fox, J. E. D. 1971. The natural vegetation of Sabah and the natural regeneration of the dipterocarp forests. PhD thesis, University College of North Wales, Bangor.Google Scholar
Garraway, M. O. & Evans, R. C. 1984. Fungal nutrition and physiology. J. Wiley & Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Harman, H. H. 1976. Modern factor analysis (3rd edition). University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Janos, D. P. 1983. Tropical mycorrhizas, nutrient cycles and plant growth. Pp. 327345 in J.Sutton, S. Sutton, S., C.Chadwick, A. Chadwick, A. & C.Whitmore, T. Whitmore, T. (eds). Tropical rain forest: ecology and management. Black-wells, Oxford.Google Scholar
Jennrich, R. I. & Sampson, P. F. 1966. Rotation for simple loadings. Psychometrika 31:313323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jordan, C. F. & Herrera, R. 1981. Tropical rain forests: are nutrients really critical? American Naturalist 117:167180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juo, A. S. R. 1981. Chemical characteristics. Pp. 5179 in J.Greenland, D. Greenland, D. (ed.). Characterisation of soils. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Krebs, J. E. 1974. Chemical characteristics of the surface soil of three forests in San Carlos, Costa Rica. Turrialba 24:382386.Google Scholar
Lee, P. C. 1967. Ecological studies on Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn, F. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.Google Scholar
Leichti, P., Roe, F. W. & Haile, N. S. 1960. The geology of Sarawak, Brunei and the western part of North Borneo. Bulletin 3. British Borneo Geological Survey, Kuching.Google Scholar
Ng, F. S. P. 1981. Vegetative and reproductive phenology of dipterocarps. Malaysian Forester 44:197221.Google Scholar
Pennell, R. 1972. Routinely computable confidence intervals for factor loadings using the ‘jack-knife’. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 25:107114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poore, M. E. D. 1968. Studies in the Malaysian rain forest. I. The forest on Triassic sediments in the Jengka Forest Reserve. Journal of Ecology 56:143196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prescott, P. 1974. Normalising transformations of Student's ‘t’ distribution. Biometrika 61:177180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shamshuddin, M. N. 1979. Mycorrhizas of tropical forest trees. P. 173 in I.Furtado, J. Furtado, J. (ed.). Abstracts of Proceedings of Fifth International Symposium on Tropical Ecology. University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.Google Scholar
Sim, E. S. 1965. Methods of analysis for agricultural material. Department of Agriculture, Kuching, SarawakGoogle Scholar
Singh, K. D. 1974. Spatial variation patterns in the tropical rain forest. Unasylva 26:1823.Google Scholar
Singh, K. G. 1966. Ecotrophic mycorrhiza in equatorial rain forests. Malayan Forester 29:1318.Google Scholar
Strout, A. M. 1983. How productive are the soils of Java? Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 19:3252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tie, Y. L. 1982. Soil classification in Sarawak. Technical Paper 6, Soils Division, Department of Agriculture, Kuching.Google Scholar
Wallace, D. L. 1959. Bounds on normal approximation to Student's and Chi Square distributions. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 30:11211130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, L. J., Dale, M. B., Hamilton, L. S., Kikkawa, J. & Tracey, J. G. 1980. Assessment of site potential from vegetation and landscape features in the wet tropics. Pp. 1531 in IFurtado, J. Furtado, J. (ed.). Tropical ecology and development. Proceedings of Vth International Symposium on Tropical Ecology. International Society for Tropical Ecology, Kuala Lumpur.Google Scholar
Webster, R. & Burgess, T. M. 1984. Sampling and bulking strategies for estimating soil properties in small regions. Journal of Soil Science 35:127140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitmore, T. C. 1973. Frequency and habitat of tree species in the rain forest of Ulu Kelantan. Gardens Bulletin, Singapore 26:195210.Google Scholar
Whitmore, T. C. 1984. Tropical rain forests of the Far East. 2nd edition. Oxford University Press Oxford.Google Scholar
Wilk, M. B. & Shapiro, S. S. 1968. The joint assessment of normality of several independent samples. Technometrics 10:825839.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, Y. K. & Whitmore, T. C. (1970). On the influence of soil properties on species distribution in a Malayan Lowland Dipterocarp rain forest. Malayan Forester 33:4254.Google Scholar
Wyatt-Smith, J. 1960. Stems per acre and topography. Malayan Forester 23:5758.Google Scholar