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Seed-dispersal ecology of tropical montane forests

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 August 2016

Hazel Chapman ,
Norbert J. Cordeiro ,
Paul Dutton ,
Dan Wenny ,
Shumpei Kitamura ,
Beth Kaplin ,
Felipe P. L. Melo  and
Michael J. Lawes
Hazel Chapman*
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
Norbert J. Cordeiro
Affiliation:
Department of Biology (mc814WB), Roosevelt University, 430 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60605, USA Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA
Paul Dutton
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
Dan Wenny
Affiliation:
San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, 524 Valley Way, Milpitas, CA 95035, USA
Shumpei Kitamura
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
Beth Kaplin
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Studies, Antioch University New England, 40 Avon St. Keene, NH 03431, USA
Felipe P. L. Melo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof Moraes Rego, S/N, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
Michael J. Lawes
Affiliation:
Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
*
1Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract:

Seed-dispersal ecology in tropical montane forests (TMF) differs in some predictable ways from tropical lowland forests (TLF). Environmental, biogeographic and biotic factors together shape dispersal syndromes which in turn influence forest structure and community composition. Data on diaspore traits along five elevational gradients from forests in Thailand, the Philippines, Tanzania, Malawi and Nigeria showed that diaspore size decreases with increasing altitude, fleshy fruits remain the most common fruit type but the relative proportion of wind-dispersed diaspores increases with altitude. Probably corresponding to diaspore size decreasing with increasing elevation, we also provide evidence that avian body size and gape width decrease with increasing altitude. Among other notable changes in the frugivorous fauna across elevational gradients, we found quantitative evidence illustrating that the proportion of bird versus mammalian frugivores increases with altitude, while TMF primates decrease in diversity and density, and switch diets to include less fruit and more leaf proportionately. A paucity of studies on dispersal distance and seed shadows, the dispersal/predation balance and density-dependent mortality thwart much-needed conclusive comparisons of seed dispersal ecology between TMF and TLF, especially from understudied Asian forests. We examine the available evidence, reveal knowledge gaps and recommend research to enhance our understanding of seed dispersal ecology in tropical forests. This review demonstrates that seed dispersal is a more deterministic and important process in tropical montane forests than has been previously appreciated.

Keywords

altitudinal gradientsfragmentationfruit sizefrugivoryseed predationseed rainseed sizeseedling mortalitywind dispersal
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Tropical Ecology , Volume 32 , Special Issue 5: The ecology of tropical montane cloud forests: a global synthesis , September 2016 , pp. 437 - 454
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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References

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