Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-19T03:22:56.709Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The composition of the arthropod fauna of Bornean lowland rain forest trees

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

N. E. Stork
Affiliation:
Biodiversity Programme, Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, UK

Abstract

Data on the laxonomic composition of the arboreal arthropod fauna of 10 Bornean lowland rain forest trees are presented, based on samples obtained using insecticide fogging. Combined samples from all trees comprised 23,874 individuals of at least 3000 species. The mean number of species on each tree was 616.7 with one tree sample containing more than 1007 species. The relative rank of the major orders of arthropods in terms of both species and individuals was remarkably constant across the trees. Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Hemiptcra were the orders with the most species and individuals. Formicidae, though not particularly species rich, was the most abundant family in terms of individuals and the commonest species in six of the 10 trees was an ant. Refogging of one of the trees 10 days after initial sampling showed that the arthropod fauna had not completely recovered. What many arthropods are doing in the canopy is discussed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

LITERATURE CITED

Adis, J., Lubin, Y. D. & Montgomery, G. G. 1984. Arthropods from the canopy of inundated and terra firmc forests near Manaus, Brazil, with critical considerations on the pyrethrum-fogging technique. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 19:223236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adis, J. & Schubart, H. O. R. 1985. Ecological research on arthropods in central amazonian forest ecosystems with recommendations for study procedures. Pp. 111114 in Cooley, J. H. & Golley, F. B. (eds). Trends in ecological research for the 1980's Nato Conference Series, Series 1: Ecology. Plenum Press, New York, London.Google Scholar
Askew, R. R. 1985. A London fog. Chalcid Forum 4:1718.Google Scholar
Barnard, P. C., Brooks, S. J. & Stork, N. E. 1986. The seasonality and distribution of Neuroptera, Raphidioptera and Mecoptera on oaks in Richmond Park, Surrey, as revealed by insecticide knock-down sampling. Journal of Natural History 20:13211331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bentley, B. L. 1977a. Extrafloral nectaries and protection by pugnacious bodyguards. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 8:407427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bentley, B. L. 1977b. The protective function of ants visiting the extra-floral nectaries of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae). Journal of Ecology 65:2738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corbet, P. S. 1961. Entomological studies from a high tower in Mpanga forest, Uganda. VIII. The age-composition of biting mosquito populations according to time and level. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 113:336345, references 362–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erwin, T. L. 1983a. Beetles and other insects of tropical forest canopies at Manaus, Brazil, sampled by insecticidal fogging. Pp. 5975 in Sutton, S. L., Whitmore, T. C. & Chadwick, A. C. (eds). Tropical rain forest ecology and management. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.Google Scholar
Erwin, T. L. 1983b. Tropical forest canopies: the last biotic frontier. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 30:1419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erwin, T. L. & Scott, J. C. 1980. Seasonal and size patterns, trophic structure, and richness of Colcoptera in the tropical arboreal ecosystem: the fauna of the tree Luehea seemannii Triana & Planch in the Canal Zone of Panama. Coleopterists Bulletin 34:305322.Google Scholar
Fisk, F. W. 1983. Abundance and diversity of arboreal Blattaria in moisl tropical forests of the Panama Canal Area and Costa Rica. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 108:479490.Google Scholar
Gagné, W. C. 1979. Canopy-associated arthropods in Acacia koa and Metrosideros tree communities along an altitudinal transect on Hawaii Island. Pacific Insects 21:5682.Google Scholar
Gagné, W. C. & Martin, J. L. 1968. The insect ecology of Red Pine plantations in Central Ontario, V. The Coccinellidae (Colcoptera). The Canadian Entomologist 100:835846.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gauld, I. D. 1986. Latitudinal gradients in ichneumonid species-richness in Australia. Ecological Entomology 11:155161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haddow, A. J. & Corbet, P. S. 1961. Entomological studies from a high lower in Mpanga forest, Uganda. V. Swarming activity above the forest. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 113:284300, references 362–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hijii, N. 1984. Arboreal arthropod fauna in a forest. II. Presumed community structures based on biomass and number of arthropods in a Chamaecyparis obtusa plantation. Japanese Journal of Ecology 34:187193.Google Scholar
Janzen, D. H. 1967. Interaction of the Bull's-Horn Acacia (Acacia cornigera L.) with an ant inhabitant (Pseudomyrmex ferruginea F. Smith) in Eastern Mexico. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 47:315558.Google Scholar
Janzen, D. H. 1973a. Sweep samples of tropical foliage insects: description of study sites with data on species abundancies and size distributions. Ecology 54:659686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D. H. 1973b. Sweep samples of tropical foliage insects: effects of seasons, vegetation types, elevation, time of day, and insularity. Ecology 54:687708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D. H. 1981. The peak in North American ichneumonid species richness lies between 38° and 48° N. Ecology 62:532537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D. H., Farinas, M., Reyes, S., Rincon, N., Soler, A., Soriano, P. & Vera, M. 1976. Changes in the arthropod community along an elevational transect in the Venezuelan Andes. Biotropica 8:193203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D. H. & Pond, C. M. 1975. A comparison, by sweep sampling, of the arthropod fauna of secondary vegetation in Michigan, England and Costa Rica. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 127:3350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D. H. & Schoener, T. W. 1968. Differences in insect abundance and diversity between wetter and drier sites during a tropical dry season. Ecology 49:96110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, J. L. 1966. The insect ecology of Red Pine plantations in Central Ontario. IV. The crown fauna. The Canadian Entomologist 98:1027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moran, V. C. & Southwood, T. R. E. 1982. The guild composition of arthropod communities in trees. Journal of Animal Ecology 51:289306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morse, D. R., Stork, N. E. & Lawton, J. H. 1988. Species number, species abundance and body-length relationships of arboreal beetles in Bornean lowland rain forest trees. Ecological Entomology 13:2537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, D. F. & Owen, J. 1974. Species diversity in temperate and tropical lchneumonidae. Nature 249:583585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paarmann, W. & Stork, N. E. 1987. Canopy fogging, a method of collecting living insects for investigations of life history strategies. Journal of Natural History 21:563566.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rathcke, B. J. & Price, P. W. 1976. Anomalous diversity of tropical ichneumonid parasitoids: a predation hypothesis. American Naturalist 110:889893.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. R. 1973. Arboreal Orthoptera in the rain forests of Costa Rica collected with insecticide: areport on the grasshoppers (Acrididae), including new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 125:4666.Google Scholar
Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. 1980. Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. Second edition. Freeman & Co., New York, 859 pp.Google Scholar
Southwood, T. R. E. 1978. Ecological Methods. Second editionChapman & Hall, London, 524 pp.Google Scholar
Southwood, T. R. E., Moran, V. C. & Kennedy, C. E. J. 1982a. The assessment of arboreal insect fauna - comparisons of knockdown sampling and faunal lists. Ecological Entomology 7:331340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southwood, T. R. E., Moran, V. C. & Kennedy, C. E. J. 1982b. The richness, abundance and biomass of the arthropod communities on trees. Journal of Animal Ecology 51:635649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stork, N. E. 1987a. Guild structure of arthropods from Bornean rain forest trees. Ecological Entomology 12:6980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stork, N. E. 1987b. Arthropod faunal similarity of Bornean rain forest trees. Ecological Entomology 12:219226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stork, N. E. 1987c. Adaptations of arboreal carabids to life in trees. Proceedings of the 6th European Carabidologist's Meeting. den Boer, P. J., Lövei, G. L., Sunderland, K. & Stork, N. E. (eds). In Acta Phylopathologka et Enlomologica Hungarica 22:273291.Google Scholar
Stork, N. E. 1988. Insect diversity; facts, fiction and speculation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 35:321337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stork, N. E. & Brendell, M. J. D. 1990. Variation in the insect fauna of Sulawesi trees with season, altitude and forest type. Pp. 173190 in Knight, W. J. & Holloway, J. D. (eds). Insects and the rainforests of South East Asia (Wallacea). Royal Entomological Society of London, London.Google Scholar
Stork, N. E. & Brendell, M. J. D. In press. Arthropod diversity studies in lowland rain forest of Seram. In Edwards, I. & Proctor, J. (eds).Google Scholar
Williamson, M. 1973. Species diversity in ecological communities. Pp. 325335 in Bartlett, M. S. & Hiorns, R. W. (eds). The mathematical theory of the dynamics of biological populations. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. 1959. Some ecological characteristics of ants in New Guinea rain forests. Ecology 40:437–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolda, H. 1979. Abundance and diversity of Homoptera in the canopy of a tropical forest. Ecological Entomology 4:181190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar