Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T06:17:02.282Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Plant community and native primate as drivers of habitat use by an exotic primate (Saimiri spp. Linnaeus, 1758) in an Atlantic Forest fragment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2022

Ana Caroline L. Araújo ,
Bruna M. Bezerra ,
Ingrid M. S. Lima ,
Liany B. Oliveira-Silva ,
Anielise da C. Campêlo  and
João Pedro Souza-Alves Open the ORCID record for João Pedro Souza-Alves [Opens in a new window]
Ana Caroline L. Araújo
Affiliation:
Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
Bruna M. Bezerra
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
Ingrid M. S. Lima
Affiliation:
Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
Liany B. Oliveira-Silva
Affiliation:
Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
Anielise da C. Campêlo
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
João Pedro Souza-Alves*
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: João Pedro Souza-Alves, Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Understanding how and why exotic species use their habitats is crucial for defining effective conservation strategies. We aimed to investigate habitat use by an exotic population of squirrel monkeys living in an Atlantic Forest fragment and identify factors associated with their habitat preferences. Over 6 months of scan sampling observations, we collected data on native and exotic plants consumed by the squirrel monkeys, food availability, and interactions between the squirrel monkeys and the native common marmosets. We also georeferenced the estimated centroid point of the study group during each scan. Squirrel monkeys used Secondary Old Forest habitats more often than the other habitats available. The consumption of native and exotic plants and the association with common marmoset appear to have influenced the habitat use of the exotic squirrel monkeys; however, the choice habitat did not demonstrate to be associated with food availability. The exotic squirrel monkeys preferred to use less disturbed habitats to consume a high amount of food (often associated with the common marmoset), potentially optimizing their food intake. Our findings demonstrated the adaptive success of an exotic primate in its non-natural habitat and the key role of the plant community in maintaining this population.

Keywords

Adaptabilitybehaviourexotic plant speciesfood seasonalityinterspecific interaction
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Tropical Ecology , Volume 38 , Issue 5 , September 2022 , pp. 322 - 330
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Almeida-Rocha, JM, De Vleeschouwer, KM, Reis, PP, Grele, CEV and Oliveira, LC (2015) Do habitat use and interspecific association reflect predation risk for the golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)? International Journal of Primatology 36, 1198–1215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Altmann, J (1974) Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49, 227–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
APAC (2017) Meteorologia. Agência Pernambucana de Águas e Clima. Meteorologia (APAC), Brazil. http://www.apac.pe.gov.br/meteorologia. Accessed 13 July 2017.Google Scholar
Arroyo-Rodríguez, V and Mandujano, S (2006) Forest fragmentation modifies habitat quality for Alouatta palliata . International Journal of Primatology 27, 1079–1096.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boinski, S (1987) Habitat use by squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedi) in Costa Rica. Folia Primatologica 49, 151–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyle, AS, Lourenço, WC, Silva, LR and Smith, AT (2009) Home range estimates vary with sample size and methods. Folia Primatologica 80, 33–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bryson-Morrison, N, Tzanopoulos, J, Matsuzawa, T and Humle, T (2017) Activity and habitat use of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the anthropogenic landscape of Bossou, Guinea, West Africa. International Journal of Primatology 38, 282–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Camaratta, D, Chaves, OM and Bicca-Marques, JC (2017) Fruit availability drives the distribution of a folivorous–frugivorous primate within a large forest remnant. American Journal of Primatology 79, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Camarotti, FLM, Silva, VL and Oliveira, MAB (2015) The effects of introducing the Amazonian squirrel monkey on the behavior of the northeast marmoset. Acta Amazonica 45, 29–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campêlo, AC, Souza-Alves, JP, Lima, IMS, Araújo, ACL, Oliveira-Silva, LR and Bezerra, B (2019) Home sweet home? Adjustments in the ecology, behaviour and vocalisations of Amazonian squirrel monkeys inhabiting an Atlantic forest fragment. Ethology Ecology & Evolution 31, 173–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canale, GR, Suscke, P, Rocha-Santos, L, São Bernardo, CS, Kierulff, MCM and Chivers, DJ (2016) Seed dispersal of threatened tree species by a critically endangered primate in a Brazilian Hotspot. Folia Primatologica 87, 123–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cäsar, C and Zuberbuehler, K (2012) Referential alarm calling behaviour in New World primates. Current Zoology 58, 680–697 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castro, CSS and Araújo, A (2006) Diet and feeding behavior of marmoset, Callithrix jacchus . Revista Brasileira de Ecologia 7, 14–17.Google Scholar
Castro, P and Huber, ME (2003) Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Chaves, OM and Bicca-Marques, JC (2016) Feeding strategies of brown howler monkeys in response to variations in food availability. PloS one 11, e0145819.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clutton-Brock, TH and Harvey, PH (1997) Primate ecology and social organization. Journal of Zoology 183, 1–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cords, M (2000) Mixed species association and group movement. In Boinski, S and Garber, PA (eds), On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in Groups. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 73–99.Google Scholar
Cullen, L Jr and Valadares-Pádua, CV (1997) Métodos para estudos de ecologia, manejo e conservação de primatas na natureza. In Valladares Pádua, C, Bodmer, RE and Cullen, L (eds), Manejo e Conservação de Vida Silvestre no Brasil. Belém: Sociedade Civil Mamiraua, CNPq, MCT, pp. 239–269.Google Scholar
Cunha, AA, Vieira, MV and Grelle, CEV (2006) Preliminary observations on habitat, support use and diet in two non-native primates in an urban Atlantic forest fragment: the capuchin monkey (Cebus sp.) and the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in the Tijuca forest, Rio de Janeiro. Urban Ecosystems 9, 351–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Digby, LJ, Ferrari, SF and Saltzmann, WJ (2011) Callitrichines: the role of competition in cooperatively breeding species. In Campbell, CJ, Fuentes, A, Mackinnon, KC, Bearder, SK and Stumpf, RM (eds), Primates in Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 91–107.Google Scholar
Eppley, TM, Donati, G, Ramanamanjato, JB, Randriatafika, F, Andriamandimbiarisoa, LN, Rabehevitra, D, Ravelomanantsoa, R and Ganzhorn, JU (2015) The use of an invasive species habitat by a small folivorous primate: implications for lemur conservation in Madagascar. PLoS One 10, e0140981.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferrari, SF and Lopes Ferrari, MA (1989) A re-evaluation of the social organization of the Callitrichidae, with reference to the ecological differences between genera. Folia Primatologica 52, 132–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freitas, SR, Astúa, D, Santori, RT and Cerqueira, R (1997) Habitat preference and food use by Metachirus nudicaudatus and Didelphis aurita (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in a restinga forest at Rio de Janeiro. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 57, 93–98.Google Scholar
Gaillard, JM, Hebblewithe, M, Loison, A, Fuller, M, Powell, R, Basille, M and Moorter, BV (2010) Habitat–performance relationships: finding the right metric at a given spatial scale. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, 2255–2265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenber, CH, Levey, DJ and Loftis, DL (2010) Fruit production in mature and recently regenerated forest of the Appalachians. The Journal of Wildlife Management 71, 321–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanya, G, Kanamori, T, Kuze, N, Wong, ST and Bernard, H (2020) Habitat use by a primate community in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Danum Valley, Borneo. American Journal of Primatology 82, e23157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardesty-Moore, M, Orr, D and McCauley, DJ (2020) Invasive plant Arundo donax alters habitat use by carnivores. Biological Invasions 22, 1983–1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heiduck, S (2002) The use of disturbed and undisturbed forest by masked titi monkeys Callicebus personatus melanochir is proportional to food availability. Oryx 36, 133–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hendges, CD, Fortes, VB and de Sá Dechoum, M (2012) Consumption of the invasive alien species Hovenia dulcis thumb (Rhamnaceae) by Sapajus nigritus Kerr, 1792 in a protected area in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoociências 14, 255–260.Google Scholar
Herfindal, I, Tremblay, J-P, Hansen, BB, Solberg, EJ and Saeter, B-E (2009) Scale dependency and functional response in moose habitat selection. Ecography 32, 849–859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, CM (2005) People, crops and primates: a conflict of interests. In Paterson, JD and Wallis, J (eds), Commensalism and Conflict: The Human-Primate Interface. Norman, OK: American Society of Primatologists, pp. 40–59.Google Scholar
Hockings, KJ, Anderson, JR and Matsuzawa, T (2009) Use of wild and cultivated foods by chimpanzees at Bossou, Republic of Guinea: feeding dynamics in a human-influenced environment. American Journal of Primatology 71, 636–646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, TS and O’Riain, MJ (2011) The spatial ecology of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) in a human-modified environment. International Journal of Primatology 32, 308–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchinson, JM and Waser, PM (2007) Use, misuse and extensions of “ideal gas” models of animal encounter. Biological Reviews 82, 335–359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kinap, NM, Nagy-Reis, M, Bobrowiec, PED, Gordo, M and Spironello, WR (2021) Influence of topography gradient and seasonality on primate habitat use in Central Amazonia. Mammalian Biology 101, 251–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kueffer, C, Kronauer, L and Edwards, PJ (2009) Wider spectrum of fruit traits in invasive than native floras may increase the vulnerability of oceanic islands to plant invasions. Oikos 118, 1327–1334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuprijanov, I (2017) Habitat use and trophic interactions of native and invasive predatory macroinvertebrates in the northern Baltic Sea. PhD Thesis, University of Tartu, Estônia.Google Scholar
Lins-e-Silva, ACB and Rodal, MJN (2008) Tree community structure in an Urban Remnant of Atlantic Forest coastal Forest in Pernambuco, Brazil. In Thomas, WW (ed), The Atlantic Coastal Forest of Northeastern Brazil. New York: The New York Botanical Garden Press, pp. 517–540.Google Scholar
López, GO, Terborgh, J, and Ceballos, N (2005) Food selection by a hyperdense population of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus). Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, 445–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manly, BFL, McDonald, L, Thomas, DL, McDonald, TL and Erickson, WP (2007) Resource Selection by Animals: Statistical Design and Analysis for Field Studies. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
McLennan, MR and Hockings, KJ (2014) Wild chimpanzees show group differences in selection of agricultural crops. Scientific Reports 4, 59–56.Google ScholarPubMed
Mendes-Pontes, AR, Jordani, RA, Ribeiro, PFR, Normande, IC, Fernandes, ACA, Soares, ML and Ramalho, CB (2007) Ocorrência e abundância de primatas em fragmentos florestais no Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco. In Bicca-Marques, JC (ed), A Primatologia no Brasil. Rio Grande do Sul: Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, pp. 193–206.Google Scholar
Mercês, MP and de Paula, WS (2018) New records of Saimiri collinsi Osgood, 1916 (Cebidae, Primates), with comments on habitat use and conservation. Mammalia 82, 516–520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meza-Lopez, MM and Siemann, E (2015) Experimental test of the invasional meltdown hypothesis: an exotic herbivore facilitates an exotic plant, but the plant does not reciprocally facilitate the herbivore. Freshwater Biology 60, 1475–1482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morais, MM Jr (2005) Metodologias de amostragem de populações: aplicação e comparação em populações de Mico-Leão-Dourado (Leontopithecus rosalia, Linnaeus, 1766) e sagüis (Callithrix sp. Erxleben, 1777) na bacia do Rio São João. MSc Thesis, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro.Google Scholar
Morais, MM Jr, Ruiz Miranda, CR, Gravitol, AD, Andrade, CC, Lima, CS, Martins, A and Beck, BB (2008) Os sagüis, Callithrix jacchus e penicillata, como espécies invasoras na região de ocorrência do mico-leão dourado. In Oliveira, PP, Gravitol, AD and Miranda, CRR (eds), Conservação do Mico-Leão-Dourado: Enfrentando os Desafios de Uma Paisagem Fragmentada. Rio de Janeiro: Editora da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, pp. 86–117.Google Scholar
Morrison, ML, Marcot, B and Mannan, W (2006) Wildlife-Habitat Relationships: Concepts and Applications. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Moura-Britto, M and Patrocínio, DNM (2006) A fauna de espécies exóticas no Paraná: contexto nacional e situação atual. In Campos, JB, Tossulino, MGP and Müller, RC (eds), Unidades de Conservação. Paraná: Instituto Ambiental do Paraná, pp. 53–94.Google Scholar
Nagy-Reis, MB and Setz, EZ (2017) Foraging strategies of black-fronted titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons) in relation to food availability in a seasonal tropical forest. Primates 58, 149–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norconk, MA (1990) Mechanisms promoting stability in mixed Saguinus mystax and S. fuscicollis troops. American Journal of Primatology 21, 159–170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oates, JF and Whitesides, GH (1990) Association between olive colobus (Procolobus verus), diana guenons (Cercopithecus diana), and other forest monkeys in Sierra Leone. American Journal of Primatology 21, 129–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olenin, S, Alemany, F, Cardoso, AC, Gollasch, S, Goulletquer, P, Lehtiniemi, M, McCollin, T, Minchin, D, Miossec, L, Occhipinti Ambrogi, A, Ojaveer, H, Rose Jensen, K, Stankiewicz, M, Wallentinus, I, Aleksandrov, B (2010) Marine Strategy Framework Directive – Task Group Report. Non-Indigenous Species. EUR 24342 EN. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.Google Scholar
Oliveira, LC, Neves, LG, Raboy, BE and Dietz, JM (2011) Abundance of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) affects group characteristics and use of space by golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) in cabruca agroforest. Environmental Management 48, 248–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliveira-Silva, LRB, Campêlo, AC, Lima, IMS, Araújo, ACL, Bezerra, BM and Souza-Alves, JP (2018) Can a non-native primate be a potential seed disperser? A case study on Saimiri sciureus in Pernambuco state, Brazil. Folia Primatologica 89, 138–149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paim, FP, Chapman, CA, de Queiroz, HL and Paglia, AP (2017) Does resource availability affect the diet and behavior of the vulnerable squirrel monkey, Saimiri vanzolinii? International Journal of Primatology 38, 572–587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PAN PriNE (2013) Boletim Informativo PAN – Primatas do Nordeste. Plano de Ação Nacional para conservação de Primatas do Nordeste (PAN PriNE), Brazil. http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/images/stories/docs-plano-de-acao/pan-primatas-nordeste/1%C2%BA_ciclo/matriz-planejamento-atualizada-primatas-nordeste-2013.pdf. Accessed 18 May 2018.Google Scholar
Pavé, R, Peker, SM, Raño, M, Orjuela, CR, Zunino, GE and Kowalewski, MM (2009) Nectar feeding on an exotic tree (Grevillea robusta) by Alouatta caraya and its possible role in flower pollination. Neotropical Primates 16, 61–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peres, CA (1994) Primate responses to phenological changes in an Amazonian terra firme forest. Biotropica 26, 98–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peres, CA (1996) Food patch structure and plant resource partitioning in interspecific associations of Amazonian tamarins. International Journal of Primatology 17, 695–723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piedade-Kill, LH and Ranga, NT (2000) Floral biology and reproductive system of Jacquemontia multiflora (Choisy) Hallier f.(Convolvulaceae). Brazilian Journal of Botany 23, 37–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinotti, BT (2010) Pequenos mamíferos terrestres e a regeneração da Mata Atlântica: influência da estrutura do habitat e da disponibilidade de alimento na recuperação da fauna. PhD Thesis, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.Google Scholar
Primack, RB and Rodrigues, E (2001) Biologia da Conservação. Londrina: Editora Planta.Google Scholar
Rehg, JA (2006) Seasonal variation in polyspecific associations among Callimico goeldii, Saguinus labiatus and S. fuscicollis in Acre, Brazil. International Journal of Primatology 27, 1399–1428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Relva, MA, Nuñez, MA and Simberloff, D (2010) Introduced deer reduce native plant cover and facilitate invasion of non-native tree species: evidence for an invasional meltdown. Biological Invasions 12, 303–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, EP (2008) Ranging patterns and habitat use of Sulawesi Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana) in a human-modified habitat. American Journal of Primatology 70, 670–679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, G (1996) Why individual vigilance declines as group size increases. Animal Behavior 51, 1077–1086.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodgers, AR and Carr, AP (1998) HRE: The Home Range Extension for ArcView. Thunder Bay, ON: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research.Google Scholar
Rosa, CA, Curi, NHA, Puertas, F and Passamani, M (2017) Alien terrestrial mammals in Brazil: current status and management. Biological Invasions 19, 2101–2123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RStudio Team (2019) RStudio: integrated development for R. Boston (MA): RStudio, Inc.Google Scholar
Ruiz-Miranda, CR, Affonso, AG, Martins, A and Beck, BB (2000) Distribuição do sagüi (Callithrix jacchus) nas áreas de ocorrência do mico-leão-dourado (Leontopithecus rosalia) no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Neotropical Primates 8, 98–101.Google Scholar
Schiel, N and Souto, A (2017) The common marmoset: an overview of its natural history, ecology and behavior. Developmental Neurobiology 77, 244–262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Signorell, A, Aho, K, Alfons, A, Anderegg, N, Aragon, T and Arppe, A (2019) DescTools: Tools for Descriptive Statistics. R Package Version 0.99.28.Google Scholar
Silva, SSB (2003) Comportamento alimentar do Cuxiú-Preto (Chiroptes satanas) na área de influência do Reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí-Pará. MSc thesis, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém.Google Scholar
Simberloff, D and Von Holle, B (1999) Positive interactions of nonindigenous species: invasional meltdown? Biological Invasions 1, 21–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Souza-Alves, JP, Chagas, RR, Santana, MM, Boyle, SA and Bezerra, BM (2021a) Food availability, plant diversity, and vegetation structure drive behavioral and ecological variation in Endangered Coimbra-Filho’s titi monkeys. American Journal of Primatology 83, e23237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Souza-Alves, JP, Chagas Alves, RR, Hilário, RR, Barnett, AA and Bezerra, BM (2021b) Species-specific resource availability as potential correlates of foraging strategy in Atlantic Forest edge-living common marmosets. Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 1–22. DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2021.1949751 Google Scholar
Terada, S, Nackoney, J, Sakamaki, T, Mulavwa, MN, Yumoto, T and Furuichi, T  (2015) Habitat use of bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Wamba: selection of vegetation types for ranging, feeding, and night-sleeping. American Journal of Primatology 77, 701–713.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Terborgh, J (1983) Five New World Primates. A Study in Comparative Ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tinsman, J, Volampeno, S, Ganas-Swaray, J, Gann, D, Andrianirina, N, Chamizo, M, Ralazampirenena, C, Ranaivoarisoa, JF, Ravaoarisoa, H, Rivero, J, Zamora, A and Gomes, (2022) Habitat use by the island lemurs of Nosy Be, Madagascar. American Journal of Primatology 84, e23362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trapanese, C, Meunier, H and Masi, S (2022) Do primates flexibly use spatio-temporal cues when foraging? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 75, 232–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Traveset, A and Richardson, DM (2014) Mutualistic interactions and biological invasions. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 45, 89–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valéry, L, Fritz, H, Lefeuvre, JC and Simberloff, D (2008) In search of a real definition of the biological invasion phenomenon itself. Biological Invasions 10, 1345–1351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veiga, LM (2006) Ecologia e comportamento do cuxiú-preto (Chiropotes satanas) na paisagem fragmentada da Amazônia Oriental. PhD thesis, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém.Google Scholar
Waser, PM (1982) Primate polyspecific associations: do they occur by chance? Animal Behaviour 30, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yazezew, D, Bekele, A, Fashing, PJ, Nguyen, N, Moges, A, Ibrahim, H, Burke, RJ, Epplet, TM and Mekonnen, A (2022) Population size and habitat preference of the Omo River guereza (Colobus guereza guereza) in a multi-habitat matrix in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Primates 63, 151–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziller, SR (2001) Os processos de degradação ambiental originados por plantas exóticas invasoras. Revista Ciência Hoje 30, 77–79.Google Scholar
Zuberbühler, K and Wittig, RM (2011) Field experiments with non-human primates: a tutorial. In Setchell, JM and Curtis, DJ (eds), Field and Laboratory Methods in Primatology: A Practical Guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 207–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar