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Effects of puma on the diversity and composition of Neotropical mammals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 October 2017

Crasso Paulo B. Breviglieri ,
John W. Laundré  and
Gustavo Q. Romero
Crasso Paulo B. Breviglieri*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083–970, Brazil
John W. Laundré
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, Oregon 97361, USA
Gustavo Q. Romero
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083–970, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract:

Prey seek to minimize predation risk by moving across the landscape in search of safer areas. Yet, these movements are associated with risks that depend on the intrinsic attributes of the species involved. We evaluated the effect of presence of an apex predator (Puma concolor) on the composition of a community of medium and large-bodied terrestrial mammal species in 23 forest fragments in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, based on overnight footprint surveys over 2 y. We tested if (1) presence of the puma decreases species richness (prey and mesopredator), (2) landscape features interact with puma effects, altering the composition and richness of prey, (3) darker nights strengthen the predation risk effects of puma and (4) this effect can vary among prey species. The puma reduced the richness of prey species by ~45% and presence of mesopredator by 11%. Larger forest fragments and darker nights strengthened the effects of puma on the mammal community. Most prey species showed negative associations with the apex predator, while others were unaffected or showed a positive association. These results add new knowledge about the effects of predation risk and of the landscape characteristics on the composition of the mammal community and the behaviour of different species. Furthermore, our results indicate that medium and large mammals live in a landscape of fear in Neotropical forest remnants.

Keywords

carnivoresfearlandscapemesopredatorpredatorpreyriskvertebrates
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Tropical Ecology , Volume 33 , Issue 5 , September 2017 , pp. 317 - 326
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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