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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011
In the first nine maṇḍalas of the Rigveda there is hardly anything which deals directly with local government or which, even indirectly, could give us an idea of the constitution and working of local government institutions of the period. The only terms which we find used in the sense of a locality of some sort are: (1) Gaya, (2) Gṛha, (3) Pastya, (4) Harmya, (5) Grāma, (6) Pūr, (7) Viś, and (8) Rāṣṭra. Of these the first four are all used in the sense of a house or household. The term Grāma is used both in the sense of a village (that is a locality) and a body of men (that is a division of the Āryan people). The term Pūr, though understood by some to mean a town, is distinctly used in the sense of a fortification.
page 529 note 1 RV., i, 44, 10; 114, 1; ii, 12, 7.
page 529 note 2 RV., i, 100, 10; iii, 33, 11.
page 529 note 3 Pischel and Geldner, Vedische Studien, i, xxii, xxiii.
page 529 note 4 RV., i, 53, 7; 58, 8; iii, 15, 4; iv, 27, 1, etc.
page 532 note 1 RV., i, 95, 8: tveṣaṃ rūpaṃ kṛṇuta uttaraṃ yatsaṃ-pṛñcānaḥ sadane gobhiradbhiḥ. Kavir budhnam pari marmrjyate dhīḥ sasādevatātā samitir babhūva.
page 532 note 2 Jayaswal has based his idea on RV., x, 173, 1 and A V., vi, 87, 1; 88, 3; iii, 4, 2; 4, 5; v, 19, 15.
page 533 note 1 Rv., vii, 1,4.
page 534 note 1 RV., i, 91, 20.
page 534 note 2 RV., ii, 24, 13; iv, 2, 5; vii, 1, 4.
page 534 note 3 RV., i, 167, 3; vi, 28, 6; viii, 4, 9.
page 534 note 4 Black yajus, Keith, i, 8, 9.
page 534 note 5 RV., x, 97, 11; 12.
page 534 note 6 Taittirīya Saṁhitā, ii, 3, 1, 3; Maitrāyaṇī Saṇhitā, ii, 2, 1.
page 534 note 7 RV., x, 97, 12. Vājasaneyi Saṁhitā, xii, 86. AV., iv, 9, 4.
page 535 note 1 Taittirīya Saṁhitā, iv, 5, 2, 2, and Maitrāyarṇī Saṁhitā, ii, 9, 3. Vājasaneyi Saṁhitā, xvi, 19.
page 535 note 2 Taittirīya Saṁhitā, ii, 3, 1–2 ff. Maitrāyaṇī Saṁhitā, ii, 2, 1.
page 537 note 1 RV., x, 107, 5. Vāj. Saṁ., xv, 15. Tait. Brāh., ii, 7, 18, 4. Śat. Bṛāh., v, 4, 4, 18. Bṛihad. Up., iv, 3, 37–8.
page 537 note 2 Kāṭhaka Saṁhitā, viii, 4; xv, 4. Maitrāyaṇī Saṁhitā, i, 6, 5. Tait. Erāh., i, 1, 4, 8; 7, 3, 4. Śat. Brāh., v, 3, 1, 5.
page 537 note 3 Cambridge Hist., vol. i, p. 131.
page 537 note 4 Kāṭhaka Samhitā, viii, 4. Taitt. Brāh., i, 1, 4, 8.
page 538 note 1 ṚV., x, 34, 6; Taittirīya Saṁ., iii, 4, 8, 6; Maitrāyaṇi Saṁ., i, 6, 11; iv, 7, 4; Taittirīya Brāh., i, 2, 1, 26; i, 1, 10, 3; iii, 4, 16, 1; Kauṣītakī Brāh., vii, 9.
page 538 note 2 Taittirīya Saṁ., iii, 4, 8, 6. Taittirīya Brāh., i, 1, 10, 3; Chāndogya Up., viii, 14.
page 538 note 3 Maitrāyaṇī Saṁ., i, 6, 11.
page 538 note 4 Śatapatha Brāh., iii, 3, 4, 14; Chāndogya Up., v, 3, 6.
page 539 note 1 ṚV., x, 34, 6. Maitrāyaṇī Saṁ., i, 6, 11; AV., v, 31, 6; xii, 3, 46; Taittirīya Brāh., iii, 4, 16, 1.
page 539 note 2 ṚV., x, 71, 10; Taittirīya Saṁ., i, 8, 3, 1; iv, 5, 3, 2; Maitrāyaṇī Saṁ., ii, 2, 1; AV., vii, 12, 1; xii, 1, 56; xv, 9, 2, 3; v, 31, 6, etc. Taittirīya Brāh., i, 1, 10, 6.
page 539 note 3 Taittirīya Saṁ., iv, 5, 3, 2.
page 539 note 4 Taittirīya Saṁ., iv, 5, 3, 2. Kāṭhaka Saṁ., xvii, 13, etc. Vāj. Saṁ., xvi, 24.
page 539 note 5 Mail. Saṁ., i, 6, 11; AV., iii, 29, 1; vii, 12, 2; Taittirīya Brāh., viii, 21, 14; Kāṭhaka Saṁ., viii, 7.
page 539 note 6 Taittirīya Brāh., i, 2, 1, 26.
page 540 note 1 Vājasaneyi Saṁ., xxii, 22, etc.
page 540 note 2 Maitrāyaṇi Saṁ., iv, 7, 4. Kauṣītakī Brāk., vii, 9.
page 540 note 3 AV., viii, 10, 5, 6.
page 540 note 4 Maitrāyaṇī Saṁ., ii, 2, 1.
page 540 note 5 Vāj. Saṁ., xxx, 6. Tail. Brāh., iii, 4, 2, 1.
page 540 note 6 Taittirīya Brāh., iii, 4, 16, 1.