Art. XXVII.—The story of the merchant Ghosaka (Ghosakaseṭṭhi) in its twofold Pāli form, with reference to other Indian parallels

E. Hardy

doi:10.1017/S0035869X00146568

Art. XXVII.—The story of the merchant Ghosaka (Ghosakaseṭṭhi) in its twofold Pāli form, with reference to other Indian parallels

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011

E. Hardy

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The Manoratha-Pūraṇī, Buddhaghosa's Commentary on the Aṅguttara-Nikāya, embraces a pretty large collection of highly important and interesting legends, which, according to my estimation, amounts to nearly one-third of the whole work. A general idea of it may be gained from two initial words, viz. Etad aggam; for each legend points to some follower of Gotama Buddha, an example, as it were, amongst all of the same kind, whether man or woman, whether member of the Order or still living in the world.

Type: Original Communications
Information: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , October 1898 , pp. 741 - 794

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00146568 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Royal Asiatic Society 1898

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^{page 741 note 1} Mrs. Mabel Bode has published some of these in J.R.A.S., 1893, pp. 517 sqq. See also Transactions of the Ninth International Congress of Orientalists, vol. i, pp. 341 sqq.

^{page 742 note 1} In the canonical books Sāmavatī (or Sāmavātī) is mentioned only once, viz. Udāna, vii, 10. Khujjuttarā occurs three times, viz., Saṃyutta-Nikāya, Lābhasakkārasaṃy. 24, 3. 4 (P.T.S., 1888, vol. ii, p. 236); Aṅguttara-Nikāya, Dukka-Nipāta, 12, 4 (P.T.S., 1885, vol. i, p. 88); Catukka-Nipāta, 176, 4 (P.T.S., 1888, vol. ii, p. 164). Here it is always the same utterance: “May 1 be like the upāsikā Khujjuttarā and Veḷukaṇṭakiyā, Nanda's mother!” The Teacher approves this wish, recommending it to every faithful upāsikā, and says that his female hearers (sāvikās) ought to follow the example of the two women named before. Of course, we find both enumerated in the list of heroines in the Aṇguttara-Nikāya, Eka-Nipāta, xiv, 7. There is another list, but without any introductory words, in the Aṅguttara-Nikāya, Aṭṭhaka-Nipāta, not yet edited for the P.T.S., and here, too, the name of Khujjuttarā stands next to that of Sāmāvatī.

^{page 742 note 2} Monatsber. d. Berliner Akad., 1869, p. 42 sq.

^{page 742 note 3} Introduction to Kaccāyana's Grammar (Colombo, 1863), p. 101.

^{page 742 note 4} In his edition of the Dhammapada (Havniae, 1855), pp. 153 sqq.

^{page 742 note 5} Sitzungsber. d. Berliner Akad., 1883, p. 567.

^{page 743 note 1} See below on p. 762, n. 8.

^{page 744 note 1} The words spaced out are the same or nearly the same in both versions.

^{page 744 note 2} om. M₁₀.

^{page 744 note 3} M₉ Kosarabika°.

^{page 744 note 4} T_t pucchito.

^{page 744 note 5} T₁vijāyatī; M₉vijātī.

^{page 744 note 6} M₁₀ bhante.

^{page 745 note 1} C. vutte.

^{page 745 note 2} C. katara°.

^{page 745 note 3} C. sangārā°.

^{page 745 note 4} C. patiija°.

^{page 745 note 5} C. °ṇiṃ.

^{page 745 note 6} C. hukkara°.

^{page 745 note 7} om. Ed.

^{page 745 note 8} C. adds tattha.

^{page 745 note 9} C. inserts nimitaṃ.

^{page 745 note 10} G. °kāraṇa°.

^{page 745 note 11} om. C.

^{page 745 note 12} C. naṃm.

^{page 745 note 13} C. has after Ta, ti: antevāsiko tam sutvā vegena geham gantvā pucchi ‘setthibhariya, vijata’ ti? ‘Na vijayatī’ ti ahamsu (sic!). Tam sutva puna nagaram gantvā ‘na vijata’ ti āha. Setthi ‘na vijayatī’ ti sutvā rajanaṃ disvā, and so on.

^{page 746 note 1} M₁₀ naṃ.

^{page 746 note 2} M₁₀ tam.

^{page 746 note 3} M₉ °vājjanto; M₁₀, T₁ °vijjanto.

^{page 746 note 4} T₁, M₁₀ insert seṭṭhissa ghare.

^{page 747 note 1} C. adds sahassaṃ datvā.

^{page 747 note 2} C. inserts taṃ.

^{page 747 note 3} om. C.

^{page 747 note 4} om. Ed.

^{page 747 note 5} C. vutte.

^{page 747 note 6} C. māri°.

^{page 747 note 7} C. eva taṃ.

^{page 747 note 8} C. vajja°.

^{page 747 note 9} C. naṃ.

^{page 747 note 10} C. maddetvā.

^{page 747 note 11} C. maddanabhāvaṃ.

^{page 747 note 12} Ed. naṃ.

^{page 747 note 13} C. and Edition have tathā.

^{page 747 note 14} C. goṇaj°.

^{page 747 note 15} C. °sattha°.

^{page 747 note 16} C. nehi.

^{page 748 note 1} T₁ anāpesitvā; M₉ āṇapetvā.

^{page 748 note 2} M₁₀ yeva.

^{page 749 note 1} C. inserts sahassam tassa datvā.

^{page 749 note 2} Ed. cakkā.

^{page 749 note 3} om. C.

^{page 749 note 4} C. chindissanti.

^{page 749 note 5} C. pavuttiñ ca; Ed. pavattim c'assa.

^{page 749 note 6} Ed. naṃ.

^{page 749 note 7} om. Ed.

^{page 749 note 8} C. sākaṭijeṭṭh°.

^{page 749 note 9} C. naṃm.

^{page 749 note 10} Ed. taṃ.

^{page 749 note 11} C. nehi.

^{page 749 note 12} C. pavuttim.

^{page 749 note 13} C. āmasu°.

^{page 749 note 14} C. amanussena.

^{page 749 note 15} C. bhātikadisu.

^{page 749 note 16} C. hukka°.

^{page 749 note 17} C. c'eva.

^{page 749 note 18} C. satasahassā.

^{page 749 note 19} C. pavisitvā.

^{page 750 note 1} T₁ maranu°.

^{page 750 note 2} T₁ inserts ca.

^{page 751 note 1} Ed. inserts khīraṃ.

^{page 751 note 2} C. inserts taṃ disvā.

^{page 751 note 3} C. naṃ.

^{page 751 note 4} om. Ed.

^{page 751 note 5} C. abhiruyhitvā.

^{page 751 note 6} C. khipi, and it adds taṃ.

^{page 751 note 7} Ed. inserts ca.

^{page 751 note 8} C. °balo.

^{page 751 note 9} C. abhiruyhitvā.

^{page 751 note 10} Ed. sahi.

^{page 751 note 11} C. maraṇu°.

^{page 751 note 12} Ed. °pessatī.

^{page 751 note 13} C. has kiṃ kammaṃ karissāmī ti.

^{page 751 note 14} Ed. °sī ti.

^{page 752 note 1} M₉ inserts ekaṭ.

^{page 752 note 2} No MS. has ti after vada.

^{page 752 note 3} M₉ pakkhāpitvā; T₁ katvā.

^{page 752 note 4} M₉ vadatī.

^{page 753 note 1} C. °sāpetvā.

^{page 753 note 2} C. °karo.

^{page 753 note 3} C. āṇatto.

^{page 753 note 4} C. °pehi ti.

^{page 753 note 5} om. C.

^{page 753 note 6} C. pakkosāhitvā.

^{page 753 note 7} C. puts maṃ after dārakā.

^{page 753 note 8} C. bahūhi.

^{page 753 note 9} Ed. jinito.

^{page 753 note 10} Ed. °jinā.

^{page 753 note 11} Ed. naṃ.

^{page 753 note 12} Ed. nibandhi.

^{page 753 note 13} C. naṃ.

^{page 753 note 14} C. nipāhi.

^{page 753 note 15} C. °niyāmena (without eva).

^{page 753 note 16} C. °ye.

^{page 753 note 17} om. Ed

^{page 753 note 18} Ed. āgata°.

^{page 753 note 19} Ed. bāham.

^{page 753 note 20} C. ayattharito.

^{page 754 note 1} T₁, M₉ vadati; M₁₀ vada.

^{page 754 note 2} All MSS. have here gāmaaeṭṭhi.

^{page 754 note 3} om. M₉.

^{page 755 note 1} C. ath’ asaa.

^{page 755 note 2} C. so uppa°.

^{page 755 note 3} C. kintu.

^{page 755 note 4} om. Ed.

^{page 755 note 5} C. dussante throughout.

^{page 755 note 6} Ed. taṃ.

^{page 755 note 7} C. °pento.

^{page 755 note 8} C. mārānapaṇṇam.

^{page 756 note 1} M₉, M₁₀ gacchasi.

^{page 756 note 2} T₁, M₉ ayyo.

^{page 756 note 3} om. M₉.

^{page 756 note 4} All MSS. have karohī ti.

^{page 757 note 1} C. purato.

^{page 757 note 2} Ed. gāmakaṃ.

^{page 757 note 3} C. pasaitvā.

^{page 757 note 4} C. °ovassuddesika.

^{page 757 note 5} Ed. puts pās° before abhi°.

^{page 757 note 6} Ed. makkhetvā.

^{page 757 note 7} om. Ed.

^{page 757 note 8} C. °laka; cf. Sum. Vil. (P.T.S., 1886), pt. i, p. 317.

^{page 757 note 9} om. C.

^{page 758 note 1} M₉ jeṭṭhaka°.

^{page 758 note 2} M₉ visana (?).

^{page 758 note 3} M₉ Cittā°.

^{page 758 note 4} M₉ taṃ.

^{page 759 note 1} C. amma dussante.

^{page 759 note 2} C. aññã°.

^{page 759 note 3} om. Ed.

^{page 759 note 4} C. carati.

^{page 759 note 5} C. likhitvā.

^{page 759 note 6} om. C.

^{page 759 note 7} Ed. kārema.

^{page 759 note 8} Ed. karoma.

^{page 759 note 9} C. tumhe mama.

^{page 760 note 1} T₁ °vehāyi; M₉ °vehāyi corr. to °vegāyi.

^{page 760 note 2} T₁ M₁₀ °pakkhandirogaṃ.

^{page 760 note 3} M₁₀ puttakaṃ.

^{page 760 note 4} M₉ bahi eva.

^{page 760 note 5} M₉ sattame di°.

^{page 760 note 6} M₉ inserts seṭṭhissa.

^{page 760 note 7} T₁, M₁₀ °puttakathāvaṃ.

^{page 761 note 1} om. Ed.

^{page 761 note 2} C. inserts taṃ.

^{page 761 note 3} C. mamaṃ.

^{page 761 note 4} C. adds pi.

^{page 761 note 5} E. kinti.

^{page 761 note 6} Ed. °pesi.

^{page 761 note 7} Ed. nives°.

^{page 761 note 8} C. mahāseṭṭhi.

^{page 761 note 9} C. avoca.

^{page 761 note 10} om. C.

^{page 761 note 11} C. pavuttiṃ.

^{page 761 note 12} Ed. omits this question.

^{page 761 note 13} Ed. °sate.

^{page 761 note 14} C. uṭṭhanaka°.

^{page 761 note 15} Ed. tan.

^{page 761 note 16} Ed. harāpetvā.

^{page 761 note 17} C. °ṭehi ādāya.

^{page 762 note 1} C. punna taṃ.

^{page 762 note 2} Ed. inserts ca.

^{page 762 note 3} C. ānā°.

^{page 762 note 4} C. kahaṃ.

^{page 762 note 5} om. Ed.

^{page 762 note 6} C. āyutakaṃ (sic !).

^{page 762 note 7} C. twice.

^{page 762 note 8} Ed. omits vattu° demī ti; C¹ has vattukāmo, whereas C., also C², C³, have vuttākamo.

^{page 762 note 9} C. vatāmhā.

^{page 762 note 10} C. vuttaṃ.

^{page 762 note 11} Ed. nīyā°.

^{page 762 note 12} om. C.

^{page 762 note 13} C. °ti.

^{page 762 note 14} Ed. gacch°.

^{page 762 note 15} C. lagh°.

^{page 763 note 1} C. peti°.

^{page 763 note 2} C. naṃ.

^{page 763 note 3} om. Ed.

^{page 763 note 4} Ed. nama so.

^{page 763 note 5} C. sanikaṃ sannekaṃ; Ed. sannisinnena.

^{page 763 note 6} bhūtabho°.

^{page 763 note 7} C. olokitolo°.

^{page 763 note 8} Ed. ettha kaṃ.

^{page 763 note 9} C. bahu.

^{page 763 note 10} C. khiyati.

^{page 763 note 11} C. ettakā.

^{page 763 note 12} om. C.

^{page 763 note 13} C. nan.

^{page 763 note 14} Ed. naṃ.

^{page 764 note 1} C. Seṭṭhi: yadi.

^{page 764 note 2} om. C.

^{page 764 note 3} khiyati.

^{page 764 note 4} Ed. adds saddhiṃ.

^{page 766 note 1} The late Hofrath Bühler of Vienna made the proposition to translate seṭṭhi (śreṣṭhin) with ‘Commercienrat’ (counsellor of commerce). See Sitzungsber. d. Berliner Akad., 1883, p. 886. Indeed, ‘merchant’ is not adequate, but, to avoid a long name, I used it nevertheless. As to the real meaning of the word, I may now refer to Fick, E., “Die sociale Gliederung im nordoatlichen lndien zu Buddha's Zeit” (Kiel, 1897), pp. 166 sqqGoogle Scholar.

^{page 767 note 1} Our text adduces four reasons in order to explain why a devaputta (angel) vanishes from the world of gods (angels), viz., āyukkhayena (exhaustion of life), puññakkhayena (exhaustion of merit), āhārakkhayena (exhaustion of food), and kopena (anger).

^{page 767 note 2} Cf. Mahāvagga, viii, 1, 4.

^{page 767 note 3} As related in the previous part of our legend, both in the Manoratha-Pūraṇī and in the Dhammapada-Aṭṭhakathā.

^{page 770 note 1} The second plot in the Manoratha-P. corresponds with the third in the Dhammapada-Aṭṭhakathā, and the second in the latter with the third in the former.

^{page 772 note 1} Literally like hundred times beaten cotton and like wadding.

^{page 780 note 1} uppādaṃ sampiṇḍeti, literally to lump together an omen, i.e. to knead lumps for an omen. This rite is known from Āśvalāyana. Gṛhya-Sūtras, i, 5, 4. 5. Cf. Hillebrandt, A., “Ritualliteratur, Vedische Opfer und Zauber” (Grundriss d. Indo-Ar. Philol., iii, 8), p. 64Google Scholar.

^{page 781 note 1} Cf. Shakespeare, “Troilus and Cressida,” Act iv, sc. 4:

“But something may be done that we will not:

And sometimes we are devils to ourselves.”

^{page 785 note 1} Cf. Shakespeare, “Hamlet,” Act iv, sc. 7:

“That we would do,

We should do when we would; for this would changes,

And hath ahatements and delays as many

As there are tongues, are hands, are accidents.”

^{page 789 note 1} Henceforth I use the following abbreviations:—M. = Manoratha-Pūraṇī; Dhp. A. = Dhammapada-Aṭṭhakathā; J. = Jaiminī-Bharata; C. = Campakaśreṣṭhikathānaka; K. = Kathakosa.

^{page 789 note 2} i.e. the episode of Candrahāsa and Viṣayā, analyzed by A. Weber in Monatsber. d. Berliner Akad., 1869, pp. 14 sqq.

^{page 789 note 3} Edited and translated into German by A. Weber in Sitzungsber. d. Berliner Akad., 1883, pp. 567 sqq. An additional note, see I.c., pp. 885 sqq.

^{page 790 note 1} The Story of Dāmannaka, translated by Tawney, C. H., “The Kathākoça” (London, 1895), pp. 169 sqqGoogle Scholar.

^{page 791 note 1} i.e. the story of the queen Kuvalayāvalī (xx, 194 sqq.). Here the king's own son is killed by the cook, and so probably burned by him, while the pious Phalabhuti, who was destined to be killed, does the prince some service. Cf. A. Weber in Monatsber. d. Berliner Akad., 1869, p. 45; also Haberlandt, M., “Der Altindische Geist” (Leipzig, 1887), pp. 65 sqqGoogle Scholar.

^{page 792 note 1} Sighram eva bhavad ādiṣṭtaṃ kṛtaṃ maye.

^{page 792 note 2} Also in the Kathāsaritsāgara.

^{page 793 note 1} Exactly as in the Ethiopian and Arabic versions. See E. Kuhn, in Byzantin. Zeitschr., iv, pp. 242 sqq.

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Art. XXVII.—The story of the merchant Ghosaka (Ghosakaseṭṭhi) in its twofold Pāli form, with reference to other Indian parallels

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