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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011
Substantives are either masculine or feminine. Those relating to human beings and animals are according to sex; for others there is no rule.
Both numbers have two forms, the nominative and the oblique; the dative and ablative are expressed by postpositions added to the oblique form. In some words elision is used. The plural is formed by adding i, or changing the o into é.
1 Since the publication of my work on the Tribes of the Hindu Khoosh in 1880, I have spent another year in Gilgit, and have been able to add to the knowledge I had already gained of the languages spoken in Dardistan. I have also been able to correct many errors that have found their way into the first publication of the languages –errors which were partly due to my own insufficient knowledge,—and partly to the fact of my being absent from Calcutta when that portion of my work was passing through the press.
By the kindness of the Royal Asiatic Society, the three principal languages given in appendix to “The Tribes of the Hindoo Khoosh” are now reprinted in their amended form, and though still far from complete, will give a correcter idea of those languages than can be obtained from the former publication. In those languages are, (1) Boorishki or Khajuna, the language of the Boorish or Yeshkuns, which is spoken in Hunza. Nager, and Yassin, (2) Shina, the language of the Shins, which is spoken in the Gilgit Valley, (3) Khowar, the language of Chitral. The first has already appeared in its amended form in the Society's Journal, Vol. XVI. Part I.; the two latter are now given.