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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011
[It was well known to his friends that the late Professor A. A. Macdonell had long contemplated the making of a complete English translation of the Ṛgveda. Indeed, he would sometimes point out that a great deal of his work, the edition of the Bṛhaddevatā, the Vedic Mythology, the Vedic Grammar, and the Vedic Index, could be regarded as necessary preliminaries to that undertaking. This was the task he hoped to complete in some five years or so on retiring from the Boden Chair. Unhappily his strength failed him too soon for this to be possible.
page 345 note 1 In the preface to his Hymns from the Rigveda, in the Heritage of India Series, Professor Macdonell wrote: “I have endeavoured to make the rendering as close as the use of verse will admit. Prose would have been more exact if I had had in view the requirements of linguistic students, but the general reader, to whom the spirit of the original hymns is the important thing, would have lost the means of appreciating to some extent at leaat, the poetic beauty of the Vedic metres which form a considerable element in the literary charm of the hymns.”
page 347 note 1 Ib = 5.79, 3b.
page 347 note 2 viśva-vasu-vido.
page 347 note 3 2d = 7.96, 2d
page 347 note 4 Which are ready to set out when dawn appears.
page 347 note 5 Like ambitious seafarers seeking glorious adventures on the sea, ready to start at the beginning of the flood-tide—this seems to be the meaning of this line.
page 347 note 6 This seems the best time to encourage the liberal, being equivalent to the beginning of the flood-tide at sea in stimulating an adventurous spirit.
page 348 note 1 i.e. the liberality of the patrons.
page 348 note 2 8b = 7.81, 1d.
page 348 note 3 8d = 7.81, 6d.
page 349 note 1 13b = 4.52, 5a.
page 349 note 2 14ab = 8.8, 6ab.
page 349 note 3 14d = 4.52, 7d.
page 349 note 4 15c = 8.9, lc (pra asmai yachatam = pra no yachatād).
page 349 note 5 lb = 5.56, 1d, and 8.8, 7a.
page 349 note 6 Soil, steeds—the ruddy rays of Dawn. Cf. 1.113, 14.
page 350 note 1 4b = 1.50, 4c. Cf. 3.44, 4b.
page 350 note 2 Cf. 1.113, 15b.
page 350 note 3 lb = 1.124, 5a.
page 350 note 4 The ruddy kine = the beams of light in the team of Dawn. The ruddy kine return = dawn is renewed.
page 350 note 5 Regulating time as opposed to darkness.
page 350 note 6 4c = 4.14, 2b (kṛṇvatī = kṛṇvan).
page 351 note 1 6a = 1.184, 6a, and 7.73, la.
page 351 note 2 7a = 1.113, 4a.
page 351 note 3 As cows and horses drawn out in long lines.
page 351 note 4 i.e. night.
page 351 note 5 lie and 12c = 1.124, 2ab.
page 351 note 6 13b = 4.55, 9c.
page 351 note 7 13c = 9.74, 5d.
page 352 note 1 16c = 8.35, 22a.
page 352 note 2 17c = 1.157, 4a.
page 352 note 3 18b = 5.75, 2c.
page 352 note 4 18c = 8.1, 24d.
page 352 note 5 “The bright harbinger of Dawn” (1.94, 5) must mean the morning sacrificial fire (cf. 1.124, 11).
page 352 note 6 Dawn gives way to the Sun (savitar) as Night to Dawn.
page 352 note 7 The sun.
page 352 note 8 dydvā, dual of dyu “day” = Day and Night ( = Uṣāsānáktā).
page 353 note 1 Night and (dawn =) day.
page 353 note 2 = well-measured (from the root mi), regular, so that they do not clash. Cf. Festgruss an Bōhtlingk, p. 114.
page 353 note 3 4a = 1.92, 7a: as bringing the poet his reward at dawn.
page 353 note 4 Of the sky and given light.
page 353 note 5 4d = 5d and 6d.
page 353 note 6 7a = 1.124, 3a.
page 353 note 7 7d = 1.123, 13c.
page 353 note 8 Cf. 7.77, lc.
page 354 note 1 i.e. half-way between past and future.
page 354 note 2 14d = 4.14, 3d.
page 354 note 3 15cd = 1.124, 2cd.
page 354 note 4 That is, we have reached the beginning of a new day. = 8.48, 11d.
page 354 note 5 Charioteer and singer are here compared.
page 355 note 1 Cf. Geldner, , Der Rigveda, i, p. 136, 18cGoogle Scholar.
page 355 note 2 20cd = 1.94, 16cd, and refrains of many hymns in Book I; cf. 7.52, 2a.
page 355 note 3 The poet's reward, here personified as ft sacrificial goddess, and thought of as coming on her car to the morning libation.
page 355 note 4 i.e. Usas, which is her proper name, besides being one of her descriptions. Cf. 12d.
page 355 note 5 As winning in competition the prize of being first and fairest.
page 356 note 1 Bhaga and Varuṇa both Ādityas.
page 356 note 2 5b = 7.76, 6d.
page 356 note 3 May his rival fall short—be beaten as in a race.
page 356 note 4 May the poet beat his rival with his reward as with a oar in a race.
page 356 note 5 Cf. 1.48, 2.
page 356 note 6 Night and Day.
page 356 note 7 Dawn.
page 356 note 8 Heaven and earth.
page 356 note 9 The length of the course completed in a day is 30 yojanas ( = 30 muhūrtas); lit. yoking = stage (as a distance). Cf. the 30 dhāma (10.189, 3).
page 356 note 10 As knowing the succession from the first day.
page 356 note 11 = Sūrya, several times spoken of as the lover of Dawn (jūra).
page 357 note 1 The wide extent of dawn.
page 357 note 2 12b = 5.4, 4b (°māno = °mānā).
page 357 note 3 This hymn is conspicuous for its repeated words, probably meant to emphasize the recurrence of the phenomena of dawn.
page 357 note 4 2a = 1.92, 12c.
page 357 note 5 2b = 1.92, 11c.
page 357 note 6 2cd = 1.113, 15cd (vy aśvait for vy adyaut).
page 357 note 7 With reference to the regularity of the recurrence of the time of dawn.
page 358 note 1 The commentators, Durga and Sāyaṇa, take śundhyu to be an aquatic bird; its colour is perhaps akin to that of the rays of dawn; but the meaning is uncertain.
page 358 note 2 There is not sufficient evidence of the meaning of this noun.
page 358 note 3 i.e. of recurring dawns.
page 358 note 4 i.e. the rays of dawn.
page 358 note 5 i.e. heaven and earth.
page 358 note 6 And therefore having no one to protect her.
page 358 note 7 7c = 4.3, 2b; 10.71, 4d, and 10.91, 13d.
page 358 note 8 Night.
page 358 note 9 10b = 4.51, 3c.
page 359 note 1 12 = 6.64, 6.
page 359 note 2 i.e. as earlier dawns.
page 359 note 3 As just appearing; as Agni is often called “youngest” as kindled every morning.
page 359 note 4 The interpretation of the first hemistich is uncertain. It may mean “dawn undoes the seam of the covering of night” (cf. 2.17, 4).
page 360 note 1 Thia compound is not analysed in the Pada-pāṭha.
page 360 note 2 The sun.
page 360 note 3 7b = 10.80, 2b.
page 360 note 4 Cf. 5.63, 4, where Sūrya is the māyā of Mitra-Varuṇa.
page 360 note 5 Cf. 1.124, 10b.
page 360 note 6 Bṛhaspati in 4.50, 4.
page 361 note 1 They, the gods (1.161, 2); the tasks, the fashioning of the beakers, etc.
page 361 note 2 lOd = 9.89, 7d; 9.95, 5d, and 10.131, 6d.
page 361 note 3 Night.
page 362 note 1 Cf. 1.30, 21.
page 362 note 2 5a = 1.48, 13b.
page 362 note 3 Cf. 4.51, 8d.
page 362 note 4 Cf. 7.47, 4.
page 362 note 5 7c = 1.48, 14d.
page 362 note 6 lde = 2de and 3de. This fifth pāda forms the refrain of all the ten stanzas of this hymn.
page 363 note 1 8c = 8.101, 2d.
page 363 note 2 9a = 1.48, 1b.
page 364 note 1 [A mark in the draft shows that it was intended to expand the translation to five lines so as to make this stanza correspond with the others.]
page 364 note 2 4cd = 1.124, 3cd.
page 364 note 3 6b = 1.124, 7d.
page 364 note 4 6c = 6.50, 8d.
page 365 note 1 6 = 1.124, 12 [where the translation has “daybreak”].
page 366 note 1 [“That” is not in the original here, the last pāda constituting the main sentence. It is apparently a slip for some other word.]
page 366 note 2 áṅgirastamā = most like Aṅgiras.
page 366 note 3 = made visible.
page 367 note 1 6d = 4.44, 4d except dádhathafor dádhāti.
page 367 note 2 7b = 4.56, 2a, but yajaté for yajatā.
page 367 note 3 = sacrificial straw.
page 367 note 4 8d = the refrain in book 7 (1, 20d, etc.).
page 368 note 1 Cf. 7.47, 3c.
page 368 note 2 Cf. 1.123, 5b.
page 368 note 3 7d = refrain of 7.1, 20d, etc.
page 368 note 4 4b = 9.78, 5d.
page 369 note 1 6d refrain in book 7: = 1, 20d, etc.
page 369 note 2 Cf. 1.191, 5a.
page 369 note 3 Cf. 7.80, 2d.
page 369 note 4 i.e. and so bestow riches on us.
page 369 note 5 5d = refrain of book 7 (1, 20d, etc.).
page 369 note 6 pañca kṣitayaḥ or pañca janāḥ, “the five races” of men.
page 370 note 1 i.e. his two arms.
page 370 note 2 = as bestowing wealth.
page 370 note 3 [Apparently a slip of the pen for “The”.]
page 370 note 4 5d = refrain of 7.1, 20d, etc.
page 370 note 5 Cf. 7.78, 3a.
page 370 note 6 3 = 7.41, 7; refrain as before.
page 371 note 1 práty adarśy āyatī = 8.101, 13c.
page 371 note 2 1d = 1.48, 8b.
page 371 note 3 6a = 8.13, 12c.
page 371 note 4 6d = 1.48, 8d.