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The Sanskrit Dhyānas of Johnson Album 35 and the Rāga Descriptions of Subhaṅkara's Saṃgītadāmodara

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2011

Emmie te Nijenhuis
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Extract

Although the rāgamāla miniatures are well known among art historians, scholars have hitherto paid little attention to the texts occurring on them. This remarkable fact might be attributed to the indifference of the art historians, for whom the chief interest lay in the paintings themselves. It should, however, be borne in mind that to those scholars who were also interested in the texts—as for instance O. C. Gangoly, who in the second volume of his famous book Rāgas and Rāginīs traced a number of Sanskrit dhyānas and Hindī dohās appearing on the front or reverse of rāga miniatures—the musical treatises to which these texts often refer were almost inaccessible, because most of them existed only in manuscript. Only very recently have a number of saṃgīta texts been edited.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society , Volume 103 , Issue 1 , January 1971 , pp. 52 - 58
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Asiatic Society 1971

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References

1 Masterpieces of the Kalpasūtra paintings, Ahmedabad, 1956.Google Scholar

2 Composed in a.d. 1350, an abridged version of the Saṅgītopaniṣad composed by the same author in a.d. 1324.

3 It was only in 1961 that the edition prepared by Umakant Premanand Shah was published by the Baroda Oriental Institute.

4 ed. Gaurinath Sastri and Govindagopal Mukhopadhyaya (Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series XI), Calcutta, 1960. An illustrated Orīya MS of this work has been edited by K. Kalicharan Patnaik, Cuttack, 1966. This edition contains the Orīya MS, its Devanāgarī transcription, and its translation into Hindī and English.

5 “A contribution to rāgamāla iconography”, Bharatiya Vidya, XX–XXI, 1960/1961 (Munshi Indological Felicitation Volume), 278–302.Google Scholar

6 Ars Orientalis, IV, 1961, 368–372.Google Scholar

7 Preserved in the India Office Library.

8 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 36; RC., p. 4; TSS., p. 102; BKB., fig. 31; W., no. 36.

9 In the Sanskrit dhyānas of Johnson Collection 35 the ṃ is also used instead of m, n, ṅ, and ṇ appearing before a consonant. RC. and BKB. read śaṅkhāvadātaḥ; TSS. śaṅkhāvataṃsaṃ.

10 TSS. śravaṇe.

11 In Johnson Album 35 va is written instead of ba; RC. -karṇṇaḥ; this edition has always -ṇṇa- for -ṇa-.

12 RC. and TSS. śucihāradhārī; ŚubhSD. khavihāra- and MS C savihāra-.

13 ŚubhSD. and TSS. mallāra-; BKB. -rāga.

14 ŚubhSD. śuciśāntamūrtiḥ; BKB. suviśālamūrttiḥ.

15 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 37; RC., p. 12; TSS., p. 106; BKB., fig. 17; W., no. 34.

16 ŚubhSD., TSS., and W. jaṭāṃ dadhānaḥ.

17 TSS. kṛtabhūribhūṣaḥ; BKB. kratibhūtibhūṣano.

18 ŚubhSD., RC., and TSS. -vāsās; ŚubhSD. and TSS. kāṣāya-.

19 ŚubhSD., RC., and TSS. tanudeha-.

20 ŚubhSD. sayogapaṭṭaḥ and MS B -paṭṭī; RC. saṃyogapaṭṭaḥ; TSS. sayoganidraḥ; BKB. saṃyogapaṭṭī.

21 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 36; RC., p. 6; TSS., p. 91; DāmSD., 2, 94; BKB., fig. 3; W., no. 14.

22 TSS. -vāhuḥ; DāmSD. -niṣaktabāhuḥ; BKB. kuraṃgamaskaṃdhanibadha-.

23 BKB. śoṇaprabhā.

24 BKB. [śo]ṇitaśūragātraḥ.

25 BKB. saṃgrāmabhūmyāṃ.

26 DāmSD. pratāpī; BKB. nālāsyaḥ.

27 ŚubhSD. lāto; RC., TSS., and BKB. nāṭo.

28 yam = ’yam; the avagraha is always omitted.

29 DāmSD. śṛṇgamūrtiḥ; BKB. kālakṛṣṇaḥ.

30 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 36; RC., p.6; TSS., pp. 74, 83; DāmSD., 2, 88; BKB., fig. 22; W., no. 9.

31 ŚubhSD., RC., DāmSD., TSS., and BKB. kṛpāṇapāṇir.

32 ŚubhSD., RC., TSS., and BKB. gajadantakhaṇḍam; DāmSD. gajadantrapatram.

33 ŚubhSD., RC., DāmSD., and BKB. vahan; TSS., p. 74, vahantī; p. 83 dadhat.

34 RC. -pūram; DāmSD. dakṣiṇahastakena; BKB. -karṇapūraḥ; TSS., p. 74, nijahastakena.

35 TSS., p. 74, -mānā.

36 ŚubhSD., RC., and TSS. (p. 83) śikhikaṇṭhanīlaḥ; BKB. sitakaṃdhanīlaḥ; DāmSD. kṣitipālamūrtiḥ and kathito (or -ā) munīndraiḥ; TSS., p. 74, sā kānaḍeyaṃ kila divyamūrttiḥ.

37 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 40 ; RC., p. 38; TSS., p. 105; DāmSD., 2, 82; BKB., fig. 6; W., n o 11.

38 ŚubhSD. and RC. -saptacchada-; RC. -māladhārī; TSS. praphullagaṇḍasthalamālyabhārā; BKB. saṃphulla-.

39 ŚubhSD. and RC. yuvātigauro; TSS. mugdhātigaurī; DāmSD. and BKB. yuvā ca gauro.

40 ŚubhSD. and RC. ’lasalocanaśrīḥ; TSS. lasa-; DāmSD. -llasa-; BKB. lasadaṃbakaśrīḥ.

41 TSS. -sṛtā; DāmSD. -śvasan; BKB. vinissaran-.

42 TSS. -gṛhād; DāmSD. daivavaśāt.

43 TSS. omits prabhāte.

44 ŚubhSD. -veśo; TSS. -veśaṃ vasānā.

45 TSS. lalitā; BKB. lalita-.

46 TSS. pradiṣṭā; BKB. pratiṣṭaḥ.

47 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 40; RC., p. 36; TSS., pp. 45, 72, 90; DāmSD., 2, 76; BKB., fig. 11; W., no. 16.

48 TSS., p. 72, hemaprabhā; in BKB. the first two pādas have apparently been interchanged; -prabhā is omitted.

49 ŚubhSD., RC., and TSS. (pp. 45, 90) bhāsvara-.

50 TSS., pp. 45, 90, -ḍhyā.

51 TSS., pp. 45, 90, sadindranīlaṃ; BKB. līlānicolaṃ.

52 ŚubhSD., RC., TSS., DāmSD., and BKB. vapuṣā.

53 BKB. kāṃtā.

54 TSS., p. 45, -adhisthite ’pi; BKB. adhaḥ sthito pi; TSS., p. 72, and DāmSD. samīpe kamanīyakaṇṭha.

55 BKB. mānyonitā.

56 ŚubhSD., RC., and TSS. (pp. 45, 72, 90) rāmakirī.

57 ŚubhSD. and RC. praṇītā; TSS., p. 72, and DāmSD. mateyaṃ; BKB. praviṣṭā.

58 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 39; RC., p. 26; TSS., pp. 71, 91; DāmSD., 2, 74; BKB., fig. 14; W., no. 18.

59 BKB. -dakṣāṃ.

60 TSS., p. 71, and DāmSD. dayite ca; BKB. dayitāṃ ca.

61 ŚubhSD., RC., TSS., and DāmSD. dattvā; BKB. lātvā.

62 ŚubhSD. and RC. maṇḍanam.

63 ŚubhSD., RC., and TSS. (p. 91) aṅgayaṣṭeḥ; TSS., p. 71, and DāmSD. aṅgakeṣu; BKB. aṅga(ṇā)yaṣṭe.

64 BKB. sumattā.

65 BKB. suvimṛṣṭadevo.

66 ŚubhSD., RC., TSS. (pp. 71, 91), and DāmSD. velāvalī.

67 BKB. yaṃ subhamālakāṃtiḥ.

68 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 37; RC., p. 14 (the first and second pāda have apparently been interchanged); TSS., p. 75; DāmSD., 2, 92 (kāmodī); BKB., fig. 33; W., no. 32.

69 BKB. rudaṃto.

70 BKB. -dūnaḥ.

71 BKB. -yaṃtaḥ.

72 ŚubhSD., RC., and BKB. kakubho ’tibhītā; TSS. vidiśo ’tibhītā; DāmSD. vidiśe ’tibhūtā.

73 ŚubhSD. and RC. mūrtiḥ (RC. -ttiḥ) pradiṣṭā kakubhas (RC. -bhā) tatheyam; BKB. mūrttipratiṣṭakakubhāśrayo yaṃ; TSS. and DāmSD. kamodikā (TSS. kāmodikā) kāntam anusmarantī.

74 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 40; RC., p. 32; BKB., fig. 9, and W., no. 10, khambhāvatī.

75 RC. dadhānā.

76 ŚubhSD. and RC.: the second and third pādas have apparently been interchanged.

77 ŚubhSD. and RC. kundāvadātā; BKB. pullāvadātā.

78 ŚubhSD. and RC. virañcivedīpa-; BKB. viraṃcivedā pa-.

79 ŚubhSD. and RC. -rikarmadakṣā; BKB. rikarmmaśaktiḥ.

80 ŚubhSD. khambhāvatī; RC. khambāvatī; BKB. ṣaṃbhāvatī.

81 ŚubhSD. and RC. -samṛddhasevā; BKB. -vicitrasevā.

82 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 36; RC., p. 4; TSS., pp. 55, 77, 103; DāmSD., 2, 100; BKB., fig. 10; W., no. 12.

83 TSS., p. 77, svakāntasaṃcumbitavaktrapadmā.

84 DāmSD. śukla-; MS J śuka-.

85 TSS., p. 77, kuṇḍalinī.

86 TSS., p. 77, pramattā.

87 ŚubhSD., RC., and TSS. (pp. 55, 103) saṃgītaśālāṃ.

88 TSS., p. 77, viśatī.

89 BKB. pradoṣo.

90 TSS., p. 77, -dhārā.

91 TSS., p. 77, mālavikeyamuktā; DāmSD. mālavarāga eṣaḥ.

92 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 40; RC., p. 30; BKB., fig. 27; W., no. 29.

93 ŚubhSD. and RC. svacchandasammānitapuṣpacāpaḥ (RC. -puṣparāgaḥ); BKB. svachaṃdasaṃmanitaś śuddhacāpaḥ.

94 BKB. payo-.

95 ŚubhSD. and RC. -sukhena hṛṣtaḥ; BKB. -dhitṛptaḥ.

96 ŚubhSD. and RC. madhyāsya.

97 ŚubhSD. and RC. kṛtopaveśo; BKB. svakṛtopaveśī.

98 ŚubhSD. bhāṣaḥ sa nidrotthitahemagauraḥ; RC. nidrotthito hemarucir vibhāṣaḥ; BKB. vibhāsarāgaḥ kathito muniṃdraiḥ.

99 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 37; RC., p. 10; TSS., pp. 41 f., 67 f., 87; DāmSD., 2, 56; BKB., fig. 24; W., no. 27.

100 RC. hi gaurī; ŚubhSD., TSS. (p. 87), and BKB. dayitañ ca gaurī.

101 DāmSD. -cālikena; MS J -cālanena.

102 BKB. karṇo.

103 ŚubhSD. and RC. surapuṣpagucchaṃ; TSS., pp. 42, 68, 87, suravṛkṣapuṣpaṃ; DāmSD. sūravṟkṣapuṣpaṃ.

104 ŚubhSD. and RC. varāḍī; TSS. (pp. 42, 68, 87), DāmSD., and BKB. varāṭī.

105 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 39; RC., p. 24; TSS., p. 85; BKB., fig. 36; W., no. 19.

106 TSS. -kauñcī; BKB. -gūṃjī.

107 ŚubhSD., RC., and BKB. -āṅgas.

108 ŚubhSD., RC., and BKB. tvacaṃ; TSS. srajaṃ.

109 ŚubhSD., TSS., RC., and BKB. dharaṇī.

110 ŚubhSD., RC., and TSS. ruhasya; BKB. dharasya.

111 ŚubhSD., RC., and TSS. caṇḍaḥ; BKB. prāṃśaḥ.

112 TSS. kumāro.

113 ŚubhSD. -mūrtir; RC. -mūrttir; TSS. ramaṇīyamūrttir; BKB. kumudāyakāṃtir.

114 BKB. -rāga.

115 ŚubhSD. and RC. śucisāmagānaḥ; TSS. śucihāsyamānaḥ.

116 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 41; RC., p. 38; TSS., pp. 44, 104; BKB., fig. 2; W., no. 3.

117 RC., TSS. (p. 104), and BKB. sarovarasthe.

118 TSS., p. 44, kāsāramadhyasphaṭikocyagehe.

119 TSS., p. 44, paṅkeruhair.

120 TSS., p. 44, bhairavam.

121 ŚubhSD. arcayantī.

122 TSS., p. 44, tārasvarā va-; RC. and TSS. (p. 104) tālaprayogaiḥ; BKB. tālaprabhede.

123 ŚubhSD. pratibaddhagītir; TSS., p. 44, -ddhaviśuddhagītā; RC. and TSS. (p. 104) prativaddhagītā; BKB. pratibaddhagīte.

124 TSS., p. 44, viśā-.

125 ŚubhSD. kṛśāṅgī kila; TSS., p. 44, -lanetrā kila; RC. and TSS. (p. 104) tanur nārada-; BKB. tanoti sma sunaṃda.

126 BKB. -bhairavīṃ.

127 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 38; RC., p. 20; TSS., p. 98; BKB., fig. 15; W., no. 33.

128 ŚubhSD., RC., and TSS. vispaṣṭakṛṣṇājina-; BKB. visuddhakṛṣṇājina-.

129 BKB. kāṃtā.

130 ŚubhSD. and RC. pavitraḥ sthaviro ’tiśuddhaḥ; TSS. parītaḥ sthaviro ’tigauraḥ; BKB. pavitrā sthavirātisubhraṃ.

131 ŚubhSD., RC., TSS., and BKB. -kathāṃ

132 ŚubhSD. and TSS. tumburunāradābhyāṃ; RC. nāradatumburubhyāṃ; BKB. nāradatuṃbarādyāṃ.

133 ŚubhSD., RC., and TSS. śrīmādhavādiḥ; BKB. -śrīmādhavādhīr.

134 BKB. munibhiḥ pratītaḥ.

135 cf. ŚubhSD., p. 38; RC., p. 16; TSS., pp. 78, 95; DāmSD., 2, 104; BKB., fig. 20; W., no. 5.

136 RC. dūrvā-; DāmSD. dūrvādalaśyāmatanūr; TSS., p. 95, dhannāsikā śyāmatanur; BKB. dūrvādalaśyāmaśarīra-.

137 BKB. -ramyā.

138 BKB. kāṃtā.

139 ŚubhSD., RC., and TSS. (p. 95) phalake vidagdhā; TSS. (p. 78) and DāmSD. viraheṇa dūnā; BKB. phalakaikahastā.

140 TSS., p. 78, śete; DāmSD. śvete.

141 TSS., p. 95, lasallocana-; TSS. (p. 78) and DāmSD. kapole dadhatī.

142 ŚubhSD., RC., TSS., and BKB. (p. 95) vāribindu-; TSS., p. 78, dṛgambu; DāmSD. dṛgabu.

143 ŚubhSD. and RC. nisyandadhautastanadhṛg (RC. -stanabhṛd); TSS., p. 78, nisyandanirdhautakucā; TSS., p. 95, prasyandadhautastanayug-; DāmSD. nisphandanirdhautakucā; BKB. nisyaṃdadhautastanabhā.

144 ŚubhSD. and RC. dhanāsī; TSS., p. 95, manāsā.