Islam and the Protected Religions

A. S. Tritton

doi:10.1017/S0035869X00060846

Islam and the Protected Religions

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011

A. S. Tritton

Article contents

Extract
References

Get access

Rights & Permissions

Extract

In legal terminology kharáj means land tax, and jizya poll tax. It has been proved conclusively, and here it is only needful to mention the fact, that this usage is not primitive, and that both words, kharájin the east and jizya in Egypt, meant tribute. The commonly accepted tradition is that 'Umar I imposed two taxes, land and poll, which were uniform throughout the empire.

Type: Articles
Information: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society , Volume 60 , Issue 3 , July 1928 , pp. 485 - 508

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00060846 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Royal Asiatic Society 1928

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

^{page 486 note 1} In the references to papyri numbers below 1000 refer to Führer durch die Ausstellung des Erzherzog Rainer, those above to Greek Papyri in the British Museum, vol. iv.

^{page 488 note 1} Caetani, , Annali, vol. iv, pi. vGoogle Scholar.

^{page 488 note 2} Chronica minora Syriaca, 335.

^{page 490 note 1} Kharáj, Abú Yúsuf, 75.

^{page 490 note 2} Baládhurí, Futúḥ, 80.

^{page 490 note 3} Baládhurí, Futúḥ, 81.

^{page 490 note 4} Baládhurí, Futúḥ, 71.

^{page 490 note 5} Kitábu 'l-Umm, iv, 101.

^{page 491 note 1} Bal. 64.

^{page 491 note 2} Aṣ-Ṣúlí, Adabu 'l--kuttáb, 214.

^{page 491 note 3} Bal. 59.

^{page 491 note 4} Bal. 113.

^{page 491 note 5} Bal. 147.

^{page 491 note 6} Bal. 244.

^{page 491 note 7} Bal. 124.

^{page 491 note 8} Ibn 'Asákir, i, 178.

^{page 491 note 9} Ibn 'Asákir, i, 150.

^{page 492 note 1} Bal. 152.

^{page 492 note 2} Bal. 125.

^{page 492 note 3} Bal. 173.

^{page 492 note 4} Bal. 174.

^{page 492 note 5} Bal. 178.

^{page 492 note 6} Kharáj, 23.

^{page 492 note 7} Bal. 251.

^{page 492 note 8} JAOS., xli, 389.

^{page 492 note 9} Thomas of Marga, ii, 126 n.

^{page 492 note 10} Bal. 267.

^{page 493 note 1} Bal. 243.

^{page 493 note 2} Kitábu 'l-Kharáj, Yahyá b. Adam, 36.

^{page 493 note 3} Bal. 246.

^{page 493 note 4} Kharáj, 23.

^{page 493 note 5} Bal. 130. Ṭabarí, i, 2391. Futúḥ Shám, Azdí, 128.

^{page 493 note 6} Bal. 158.

^{page 493 note 7} Bal. 201.

^{page 493 note 8} Ṭab. i, 2665.

^{page 493 note 9} Kharáj, 23.

^{page 493 note 10} Maḳrízí, , Khiṭaṭ, i, 76Google Scholar.

^{page 493 note 11} Maḳrízí, Khiṭaṭ, i, 294.

^{page 494 note 1} Bal. 216.

^{page 494 note 2} Bal. 215.

^{page 494 note 3} Bal. 214.

^{page 494 note 4} Ṣúlí, 217.

^{page 494 note 5} Bal. 125. Maḳ. i, 76.

^{page 494 note 6} Abú Ṣáliḥ, , Churches, 75Google Scholar.

^{page 494 note 7} Maḳ. i, 76.

^{page 494 note 8} Bal. 217.

^{page 495 note 1} Maḳ. i, 77, 168.

^{page 495 note 2} Maḳ. ii, 492. Severus, , Patriarchs, ed. Seybold, , 134Google Scholar.

^{page 495 note 3} Ṣúlí, 217.

^{page 495 note 4} Sev. 136.

^{page 495 note 5} Sev. 140.

^{page 495 note 6} Sev. 143.

^{page 496 note 1} Sev. 145.

^{page 496 note 2} Sev. 150. Kindí, Governors, 73. Maḳ. ii, 492.

^{page 496 note 3} Sev. 155, 163.

^{page 496 note 4} Kindí, 125.

^{page 496 note 5} Syriac Anonymous, ed. Chabot, , 2, 3Google Scholar.

^{page 496 note 6} Kindí, 185.

^{page 497 note 1} Maḳ. i, 76.

^{page 498 note 1} Bal. 269. Ṣúli, 218.

^{page 498 note 2} Súlí, 218.

^{page 498 note 3} Bal. 270.

^{page 498 note 4} Bal. 271

^{page 499 note 1} Ibn Ḥawḳal, 216.

^{page 499 note 2} Ibn Ḥawḳal, 108.

^{page 499 note 3} Mak. i, 101.

^{page 499 note 4} Bal. 271.

^{page 500 note 1} Mízán, Sha'ráni, ii, 161.

^{page 500 note 2} Yaḥyá, 9.

^{page 501 note 1} Kharáj, 69. izán, ii, 160.

^{page 501 note 2} Kitábu 'l-Umm, iv, 98.

^{page 501 note 3} Ṣúli, 216.

^{page 501 note 4} Ibn 'Abdu '1-Ḥakam, Futúḥ Miṣr, 156.

^{page 501 note 5} Kharáj, 69.

^{page 501 note 6} Sev. 113.

^{page 501 note 7} Maḳ. ii, 495.

^{page 501 note 8} Kitábu 'l-Umm, iv, 102, 124.

^{page 501 note 9} Futúḥ, Azdí, , 152Google Scholar.

^{page 501 note 10} Ibn 'Abdu 'l-Ḥakam, 152.

^{page 502 note 1} Ibn 'Asákir, i, 179.

^{page 502 note 2} Syr. Anon., ii, 15.

^{page 502 note 3} Most references to trade taxes are from Kharáj, 77. Maḳ. ii, 121.

^{page 502 note 4} Kitábu 'l-Umm, iv, 125.

^{page 502 note 5} Mak. i, 103.

^{page 503 note 1} Ibn Ḥawḳal, 217.

^{page 503 note 2} Maḳ. ii, 123.

^{page 503 note 3} Maḳ. i, 103.

^{page 503 note 4} Maḳ. i, 103. Kindí, 125.

^{page 504 note 1} Maḳ. i, 107.

^{page 504 note 2} Eclipse of the Abbasid Caliphate, iii, 336.

^{page 504 note 3} Ibn 'Asákir, i, 179.

^{page 504 note 4} Ibn 'Abdu 'l-Ḥakam, 166.

^{page 504 note 5} Ibn 'Abdu '1-Ḥakam, 171.

^{page 504 note 6} Greek Pap. in the British Museum, iv, 51.

^{page 505 note 1} Maḳ, i, 405.

^{page 505 note 2} Maḳ. i, 79.

^{page 506 note 1} Ibn Athír, year 583.

^{page 506 note 2} Ibn Khurdádbeh, 125, 251.

^{page 506 note 3} Maḳ. i, 107.

^{page 506 note 4} Maḳ. i, 276.

^{page 506 note 5} Quatremère, , Sultans Mamlouks, iii, 39Google Scholar.

^{page 506 note 6} Maḳ. i, 106. Quatremère, iii, 3.

^{page 506 note 7} Bal. 223. John of Nikiou, 384.

^{page 507 note 1} Maḳ. i, 79, 98. Bal. 216. Ibn Khurdádbeh, 83. Ibn Ḥawḳal, 108.

^{page 507 note 2} Ibn Khurdádbeh, 76, 246, 251.

^{page 507 note 3} Ibn 'Abdu '1-Ḥakam, 170.

^{page 507 note 4} Syr. Anon., ii, 23.

^{page 508 note 1} Bal. 448.

^{page 508 note 2} Maḳ. i, 274–81.

Article contents

Islam and the Protected Religions

Extract

Access options

References

Save article to Kindle

Save article to Dropbox

Save article to Google Drive

Reply to: Submit a response

Your details

You have entered the maximum number of contributors

Conflicting interests