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Hymns to Gula are few and scattered. In the present article some of these are brought together. They are treated in the following order:—
(a) King, Bab. Magic and Sorcery, No. 6, 11. 71–95, with the variants there cited and a new variant in Ebeling, KAR. 341. A šu-il-laprayer.
(b) King, ibid., No. 4, 11. 24 ff. A šu-il-laprayer.
(c) Craig, Religious Texts, i, 18 (ed. Martin, Textes Religieux, p. 70), with a variant in KAR. 41. Probably a kišvb. Bilingual.
(d) K. 232 (= Craig, ibid., ii, 16–18). Perhaps a dedication hymn. Semitic.
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page 2 note 1 Lines 71, 72 form three linea in A.
page 2 note 2 Be ilatBe-lit ì-lí.
page 2 note 3 CE mi.
page 2 note 4 Here A begins a new line.
page 2 note 5 A me!
page 2 note 6 CE i.
page 2 note 7 B asḫur.
page 2 note 8 A na, B ni.
page 2 note 9 D [pa]-ra-su.
page 2 note 10 A bu-ul.
page 2 note 11 B omits u.
page 2 note 12 CE bašû-u.
page 2 note 13 B eṭēra.
page 2 note 14 A inserts u.
page 2 note 15 B gamāla.
page 2 note 16 B šûzuba.
page 2 note 17 B ilatBe-lit í-lì.
page 2 note 18 Abde šá-ḳu-tum.
page 2 note 19 D um-mu.
page 2 note 20 D me.
page 2 note 21 Lines 78, 79 form one line in B.
page 2 note 22 A i-na.
page 2 note 23 mul-mul B mul.
page 2 note 24 BDE šá.
page 2 note 25 Read B. A reads bêltí.
page 2 note 26 Read A. B has ka-[a-ši], cf. King, 4, 33 [bêltu ka]-a-ši.
page 2 note 27 DE seem to read at-kal-ki, cf. King, 4, 33.
page 2 note 28 A maṣḫatī.
page 2 note 29 liḳî-i.
page 2 note 30 Line 81 forma two lines in A.
page 2 note 31 A inserts ù.
page 2 note 32 Lines 82, 83 form one line in B.
page 2 note 33 E -iă.
page 2 note 34 Read D. A reads ana.
page 3 note 35 Read ADE.
page 3 note 36 Read ADE.
page 3 note 37 Read ADE. King has copied da.
page 3 note 38 Read DE.
page 3 note 39 Read E.
page 3 note 40 Acc. to King, BDE omit line 84.
page 3 note 41 Read A.
page 3 note 42 Cf. KAR. 92, edge a-ta-nam-da-ru and CT. xxvii, 36, 10, i-ta-nam-da-ru.
page 3 note 43 BE insert in three lines the common eclipseformula. E precedes this by the line [ana-ku annannu mâr annanni šá] īl-šù annannu ištar-šù annannī-tum.
page 3 note 44 B ilatBe-lit í-lì.
page 3 note 45 D tū.
page 3 note 46 Restored by King from 4, 43.
page 3 note 47 Read A.
page 3 note 48 iluBad, cf. also King, 4, 43. D has traces of Bad, see King, 7, 23.
page 3 note 49 D ni.
page 3 note 50 Restored by King from 4, 44.
page 3 note 51 Line 87 forms two lines in AD.
page 3 note 52 Read A.
page 3 note 53 Restoration uncertain, but the sense is clear.
page 3 note 54 A ia.
page 3 note 55 Restored by King from 4, 37.
page 3 note 56 A ša.
page 3 note 57 Restoration uncertain; cf. King, 4, 46 and 47; pašāḫu is generally used parallel to nâḫu. The sense is clear.
page 3 note 58 A tū.
page 3 note 59 Cf. Ebeling, , Quellen, i, 2, 35Google Scholar = KAR. 58, Obv. 35.
page 3 note 60 Line 91 forms two lines in A.
page 3 note 61 B a-na.
page 3 note 62 lugal. A reads ša!
page 3 note 63 Read A. King has the ideogram for ṣabātu, and reads ṣab-t [i a-bu-ut-ti].
page 3 note 64 Cf. King, 4, 49; or restore liš-me zik-ri, cf. King, i, 43 (var. 33, 25, zik-ri-ia). A has the beginning of ki or liš.
page 3 note 65 A zu!
page 3 note 66 B šù, A šá.
page 3 note 67 Cf. King, 46, 6.
page 3 note 68 B ù.
page 3 note 69 Cf. Langdon, , PSBA., 1918, 108, 17Google Scholar = King, i, 22; Ebeling, , Quellen, i, 3, 46Google Scholar = KAR. 58, Obv. 46.
page 4 note 1 Var. “Belit-ili”, i.e. “Queen of the Gods”, a title of Gula.
page 4 note 2 Perhaps better construe this line with the preceding, and tr. “For the sake of judging a cause, of making a decision”. Cf. King, 4, 28.
page 4 note 3 Lit. “thou knowest”.
page 4 note 4 Var. “sublime”.
page 4 note 5 Lit. “with”.
page 4 note 6 Or, “may he hear my speech.”
page 4 note 7 Lit. “weighty”.
page 4 note 8 Cf. King, 4, 38 ff.; OECT. vi, 83, D; PBS. i, 2, 23, 6.
page 5 note 1 Cf. Zimmern, , Ritultafeln, 26, iii, 51Google Scholar.
page 5 note 2 Restored by King from 7, 35; or restore ra-bi-tum.
page 5 note 3 Cf. King, 9, 39.
page 5 note 4 Or áš-šum, cf. King, 6, 74, but King, p. 28, note, says there seems to be room for only one sign and restores ana.
page 5 note 5 Idg. dùg-gun, perhaps = šulmu, which seems to be the word required here, dúg = good; gun= much. Cf. the parallel passage in iv E. 60, Obv. 37, where the tablet is unfortunately broken.
page 5 note 6 aš for az.
page 6 note 7 11. 40, 41, and 43, 44, each form one line in King's var. B.
page 7 note 1 Lit. “hearing”.
page 7 note 2 Lit. “thou knowest”.
page 7 note 3 3 Lit. “with”.
page 8 note 1 For the meaning of this term, see Langdon, , OECT. vi, PrefaceGoogle Scholar. Ibid., pp. 44–60, a number of Kišub texts are edited.
page 8 note 2 Craig's copy should be amended.
page 8 note 3 Var. Nin-i-[si-in-na].
page 8 note 4 Ninisinna and Ninsinna are here translated Ninkarrak, a well-known epithet of Gula and Bau. In KAR. 16 (var. KAR. 15), ed. Ebeling, , Quellen, i, 52 ff.Google Scholar, we have a hymn to Ni-insi-an-na, who is likewise translated Ninkarrak. Consequently Ninisinna = Ninsinna = Ninsianna (orig. Nin-ana-sī-an-na) = “Queen who fills the heavens”, i.e. Venus (Ištar), and does not mean “Queen of Isin”; cf. Langdon, , Tammuz and Ishtar, p. 175Google Scholar, et passim.
page 8 note 5 Cf. 1. 3.
page 8 note 6 Cf. 1. 4.
page 8 note 7 So the Sumerian; the Semitic has “Ninkarrak”.
page 8 note 8 i.e. “mankind”.
page 8 note 9 Restored.
page 8 note 10 V. ilatnin-ti-ûg-ga.
page 8 note 11 V. sag, translated lib-bi “heart”!
page 8 note 12 The sign in Var. is evidently intended for gìg.
page 8 note 13 V. ilatBa-ú.
page 8 note 14 V. a-na.
page 8 note 15 The root is kṣṣ press, harass, be harassed, be angry; see Langdon, , AJSL. 34, 207, 208Google Scholar.
page 8 note 16 Damu is a title of Tammuz as well as of the Earth-goddess; see Langdon, , Tammuz and Ishtar, p. 6 fGoogle Scholar. et pas.
page 8 note 17 V. keš-da-ge. For this use of ge, see Langdon, , OECT. 6, p. 36Google Scholar, n. 1. dú-dú = kaṣāru only here. Prb. du = “assemble” (dú 7 in Langdon, , Sum. Gr., p. 210Google Scholar).
page 8 note 18 V. Da-mu.
page 8 note 19 V. nu.
page 8 note 20 V. ḳu.
page 8 note 21 V. i-káṣ-ṣar(?).
page 8 note 22 So the Sumerian; the Semitic has “Damu who binds up the severed sinew”.
page 8 note 22a See Langdon, , Bab. Liturgies, p. 136Google Scholar.
page 8 note 23 Var. ilatgu-nu-ra.
page 8 note 24 Var. ki.
page 8 note 25 i.e. “mother of the far-famed might” Var. dŠu-maǵ.
page 8 note 26 Cf. salabrig in Johns, , ADD. 828, 1. 5Google Scholar. In BA. v, 644, 15, Gula of Isin ia called abrig maǵ = [ab-raḳ-ḳa-tu ṣir]-tum.
page 9 note 27 27 Var. ilatŠu-mah.
page 9 note 28 See list of corrections in Craig, RT. ii, p. ix. Var. ilatAma-šu-ḫal-bi.
page 9 note 29 Var. umme.
page 9 note 30 Var. na-piš-[tim].
page 9 note 31 So the Sumerian; the Semitic has “mother of the creation of the breath (of life)”.
page 9 note 32 Var. tu.
page 9 note 33 Var. za.
page 9 note 34 The text omits; Var. has ilatTù-bè-in-tu-ba-za.
page 9 note 35 Var. ṣi-ru.
page 9 note 36 With 11. 17–20, of. CT. 16, 31, 94–6.
page 9 note 37 See RA. 17, 100, lipeš = libbi, but probably does not mean “heart”, but rather “bowels” or “womb”.
page 9 note 38 Var. mu-ru-uṣ.
page 9 note 39 Restored from CT. 16, 31, 96.
page 9 note 40 Restoration uncertain.
page 9 note 41 Sumerian loan-word, cf. Thompson, , Medical Texts, 1, 2, 10Google Scholar = “itch”, “skin-disease”. It is also used for calcium nitrate, a scaly deposit that forms on walls; see Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 17, p. 4.
page 9 note 42 Traces of ǵul occur in the middle of 1. 21.
page 17 note 1 Prb. alim is intended, cf. Langdon, , Epic of Creation, vii, 3Google ScholarituAsaralim, and vii, 5, iluAsar-alim-nun-na = Marduk. See, ibid., note on alim. Cf. also CT. 24, 27, 26.
page 17 note 2 Perhaps the end of another sign.
page 17 note 3 The name of some god may have stood here.
page 17 note 4 Lit. “the hand of God”.
page 17 note 5 This name is also applied to Nergal.
page 17 note 6 palu = “hatchet” (not “ring”) as an emblem of royal power, and is prb. a loan-word from Sumer. bal = “hatchet”. See Langdon, , Epic of Creation, p. 130, n. 1Google Scholar.
page 17 note 7 The reference is to the Hypsoma of Venus, i.e. Pisces; see Langdon, , Epic of Creation, p. 149, n. 8Google Scholar. Gula is sometimes identified with Venus; the mulGula identified with Aquarius is not the goddess Gula; see Langdon, , Archiv. für Orientforschung, iv, 96Google Scholar, and literature there cited.
page 17 note 8 Restored from Rev., 1. 29.
page 17 note 9 Titles of priests, Muss-Arnolt, 549 and 608. Here we have the feminine forms, which are not in the dictionaries.
page 17 note 10 i.e. “ritual”.
page 17 note 11 nikkasu, nikasu = reckoning, counting, bookkeeping; the Sumerian is nig-šid. Cf. YOS. iii, 17, 4f. nikkasa it-ti-šù-nu e-piš, and ibid., 40, 21, nikkasa e-pu-uš-ma. The word appears in Syriac as niksayyā, in Hebrew as n ekasim. Aru is a loan-word from Sumer. a-ra = “multiplication”; cf. SAI. 8839, a-ra = a-ru: šá nikkasi = “multiplication, applied to reckoning”, in CT. 11, 36, 9. Cf. Thureau-Dangin, , RA. 19, 90Google Scholar. Gula isthus confounded here with Nidaba, the goddess of numbers, see Langdon, , Tammuz and Ishtar, p. 151Google Scholar.
page 18 note 12 Labš = labābu, growl, rage; cf. Zimmern, , Neujahrefest 2, 20, 67Google Scholar, ta-la-bi-a “cry out”; cf. KAR. 379, 5–9, il-bi-u, of oxen and pigs.
page 18 note 13 SAI. 5374, explains d.-Kur-rib-ba wrongly as Igigi. It is explained rightly in CT. 25, 18, 6, as Ishartum, i.e. Gula; cf. also CT. 23, 2, 17, where d.Kùr-rib-ba = Mnisinna, i.e. Gula. The root rib means “excel”.
page 18 note 14 šapāku = to pour out metal into a mould, hence mould (weapons, etc.); cf. Clay, , Gilgamesh, 162 and 165–7Google Scholar.
page 18 note 15 The name means “good ghost”.
page 18 note 16 kakku “weapon”, prob. refers to a sign on the liver and hence = “liver omen”.
page 18 note 17 Lit. “causeth to appear”.
page 18 note 18 Doubtful.
page 18 note 19 Translation uncertain.
page 18 note 20 te-rit = “oracle”, but perhaps we have here the feminine of tīru guardian, though we should expect taritu.
page 18 note 21 The assembly-hall of the gods.
page 18 note 22 Lit. “dwellings”.
page 18 note 23 Restoring GI-I[ZI-LAL].
page 18 note 24 Šegunū is a kind of grain. See Ungnad, , ZA. 38, 80Google Scholar.
page 18 note 25 Perhaps this is the ideogram ǵe-nun = nuḫŠu abundance.
page 18 note 26 tukkannu = a leather bag, used for divination.
page 18 note 27 In CT. 12, 26, 49b, the sign rendered by di-li-na is rendered also by ti-nu-ur. In Clay, , Miscel. 53, 75Google Scholar = CT. 35, 2, 65, the same sign is rendered di-li-im = ti-nu-ru. Hence di-li-na and di-li-im both = tinūru. Delitzsch, , Sumer. Gl., p. 285Google Scholar, under ninindu, cites a Berlin syllabary which reads dili-en, dili-na, ti-nu-ur, tu-nu-ur = ti-nu-[ru].
page 18 note 28 adānu is a denominal verb from adānu fixed time, cf. Langdon, , OECT. vi, 100, 140, noteGoogle Scholar. Perhaps some noun intervened after išḳāti.
page 18 note 29 A reference to oil-divination.
page 18 note 30 = the liver ?
page 18 note 31 Lit. “designations made by birds”.
page 18 note 32 = ṭa'imtum ‖ ṭêmu.
page 18 note 33 Restoring ḫal-ḫ[al].
page 18 note 34 i.e. men's.
page 18 note 35 The sign NE has the values zaḫ, ṣaḫ, saḫ, see Ungnad, , ZA. 38, 80Google Scholar. But it has also the value suḫ, cf. Muss-Arnolt 1180a, ta-as-su-uḫ-tum with Boissier, , Choixde Textes, 176, 2Google Scholar, ta-as-NE-tum = ta-as-sùḫ-tum.
page 18 note 36 Doubtful.
page 18 note 37 Sc. abûti.
page 18 note 38 Lit. “blotter out”, sc. of (the penalty for) sin.
page 18 note 39 Cf. OECT. vi, 81, 12.
page 18 note 40 Lit. “turning”.
page 18 note 41 The sign is lagar, but the gunufied form, tul, is evidently to be read here Correction: The second-last sign on p. 15, 1. 35, should be ià, the ordinary sign for five.