Art XV.—Hebrew Visions of Hell and Paradise

M. Gaster

doi:10.1017/S0035869X00143539

Art XV.—Hebrew Visions of Hell and Paradise

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011

M. Gaster

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The recent recovery of the Revelation of St. Peter has again attracted attention to this branch of apocalyptic literature. Speculation has been rife as to the sources of that Revelation.

I intend publishing now, for the first time in English garb, the oldest extant Revelations which must have served as source to that of Peter, then to that of Paul, Ezra, Abraham, Isaiah, Virgin Mary, St. Macarius, and the host of others down to Dante and St. Patrick.

Type: Original Communications
Information: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , July 1893 , pp. 571 - 611

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00143539 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Royal Asiatic Society 1893

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^{page 573 note 1} Ascensio Isaiae, ed. Dillmann, Leipzig, 1877. ix. 9; Apoc. Virg. Mary.

^{page 573 note 2} Testament of Abraham, ch. 9 and 10, Rec. A. ed. M. R. James, Cambridge, 1892.

^{page 574 note 1} Enoch, ch. 60, v. 12 ff. translated by Charles, p.156 ff., B. of Jubilees, ch. 1, v. Roensch, d. Buch d. Jubilaeen, p. 259; cf. Sefer Rzziel, Amsterdam, 1701, f. 34^b ff.

^{page 574 note 2} In this recension the names of the angels are omitted. They are to be found, however, in the shorter.

^{page 575 note 1} Enoch, l.c.; Jubilees, l.c.

^{page 575 note 2} Testament Levi, ch. 5.

^{page 576 note 1} Cf. Pirke de R. Eliezer, ch. 6.

^{page 576 note 2} Ch. 8–17, cf. Othioth de R. Akiba (Jellinek, Bet-hamm. III. 20–21).

^{page 577 note 1} Cf. Rev. of Paul, ch. 11 (Tischendorf, Apoc. Apocryphae, Leipzig, 1866, pp. 34–69Google Scholar).

^{page 577 note 2} Cf. Test, of Abraham, ch. 17.

^{page 578 note 1} Cf. P. d. E. Eliezer, ch. 4.

^{page 578 note 2} Talmud B., Tractate Pesachim, f. 94^a–b; Yalkut, II. f. 44^c, § 286; cf. Tract. Hagiga, f. 12^b.

^{page 579 note 1} About seven heavens v. Ascensio Isaiae and Test. Levi, ch. 3.

^{page 580 note 1} I draw attention here to two more apocalyptic visions which do not seem to have been noticed hitherto. (1) The apocalypse of the Virgin Mary (v. Tischendorf, Apoc. Apocryphae, p. xxvii.; Gaster, Literatura populara română, Bucharest, 1883, p. 362–366; B. P. Hasdeu, Cuvente d. Bātrānῐ, II. Bucharest, 1879, p. 301–367) extant in Slavonic texts of the twelfth century. Greek, Roumanian, etc.; Æthiopic and Syriac? In this text the tortures of Hell are very fully described. (2) Questions of St. Macarius, of which I possess 6, Roumanian MSS.; A Syriac Fragment of the twelfth century I found in the British Museum, Add. 17,262 (Wright, II. p. 867–8, No. 837), and a Greek text of the fifteenth century I discovered in Ood. Baroccianus (Bodleian), No. 147. f. 294^bsqq.

^{page 581 note 1} Cf. V. 7. 15–19. Peter, ch. 9 (H. 24); Robinson and James, The Gospel according to Peter, etc., London, 1892, p. 37 sqq.Google Scholar; cf. A. Harnack (H.) Bruchstücke d. Evgl. u. der Apocalypse d. Petrus, Leipzig, 1893, p. 16 sqq.

^{page 581 note 2} Cf. V. 15, 17. Peter, ch. 7 (H. 22); Paul, ch. 37, 38.

^{page 581 note 3} Cf. Peter, ch. 9, 10 (H. 24–25); Paul, 32; Virg. Mary.

^{page 581 note 4} V. 16.

^{page 581 note 5} V. 17; Peter, ch. 9 (H. 22); cf. Paul, ch. 40.

^{page 582 note 1} Cf. Ev. Nicodemi, Greek form, ch. 20 ff.: “O all devouring and insatiable Hades.”

^{page 582 note 2} Peter, ch. 9, 13 (H. 24, 28).

^{page 582 note 3} Cf. V. 16; Paul, ch. 39.

^{page 582 note 4} V. 24; VII. 4; Peter, ch. 13 (H. 28).

^{page 583 note 1} Peter, ch. 12 (H. 27).

^{page 583 note 2} Paul, ch. 42; cf. Virg. Mary.

^{page 583 note 3} Cf. Talmud, Tr. Berachoth, f. 54^b.

^{page 583 note 4} Probably on amulets.

^{page 583 note 5} Cf. Paul, 36; Macarius, 40.

^{page 584 note 1} V. Bahya, comment, to Pentateuch, Venice, 1544, f. 181^b.

^{page 584 note 2} Paul, ch. 44; cf. Pesikta rabbati, ed. Friedman, ch. 23, f. 112^a.

^{page 584 note 3} Peter, ch. 9 (H. 24); cf. Macarius, 22, 27, 39, V. Mary.

^{page 586 note 1} Cf. Ascensio Isaiae, viii. 27, 28.

^{page 587 note 1} Paul, ch. 23.

^{page 589 note 1} Talmud B., Hagigah, f. 13^b; Longfellow, Sandalfon.

^{page 589 note 2} Cf. Pirke de R. Eliezer, ch. 4.

^{page 590 note 1} V. 23; cf. Peter, 8 (H. 23); Paul, 32; V. Mary.

^{page 591 note 1} Cf. Test. Abraham, ch. 9.

^{page 593 note 1} Cf. Midrash, Kônen in Arze Lebanon, Venice, 1601Google Scholar, f. 3^a_b; Yalkut Reubeni, Amsterdam, 1700, f. 13^d–14^a.

^{page 594 note 1} Cf. de R. Akiba, Othioth (Jellinek l.c. p. 23)Google Scholar.

^{page 595 note 1} Ev. Nicodem.

^{page 596 note 1} Cf. Ascensio Isaiae, viii. 14, ix. 9, 24.

^{page 597 note 1} Paul, ch. 22, 23, 45; Peter, ch. 5 (H. 19–20).

^{page 598 note 1} Peter, ch. 5 (H. 15–16).

^{page 598 note 2} Cf. Yalkut Reubeni, f. 14^a_b.

^{page 598 note 3} Cf. Paul, ch. 26.

^{page 600 note 1} Cf. Test. Abraham, ch. 12–14.

^{page 601 note 1} I. 34–49.

^{page 602 note 1} VII. 2.

^{page 602 note 2} Cf. Macarius, 10–11.

^{page 602 note 3} Macarius, 12–16.

^{page 603 note 1} Cf. I. 36.

^{page 603 note 2} I. 38, 41.

^{page 604 note 1} I. 36.

^{page 604 note 2} I. 38.

^{page 604 note 3} I. 48.

^{page 605 note 1} Paul, i. 8.

^{page 605 note 2} Ct II. 5. Test, of Isaac, James and Barnes, Test, of Abraham, , p. 147Google Scholar.

^{page 605 note 3} I. 42, VII. 4.

^{page 606 note 1} Cf. Test, of Isaac; James and Barnes, Test of Abraham, , p. 147Google Scholar.

^{page 606 note 2} Here follows in the text of Orhot Hayim, III. 21.

^{page 607 note 1} Peter, ch. 6 (H. 21); Macarius, 19; Virg. Mary.

^{page 607 note 2} V. ll.

^{page 608 note 1} I. 42, V. 24.

^{page 610 note 1} IV. 1.

^{page 611 note 1} Paul, ch. 29.

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