Art. VII.—Serpent-Worship in India

C. F. Oldham

doi:10.1017/S0035869X00021080

Art. VII.—Serpent-Worship in India

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011

C. F. Oldham

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From the Rājatarangmī we learn that, when Kāsyapa raised Kāshmir above the waters, Nīla, whose royal canopy was the hood of the serpent, reigned there over the Nāgas.

Type: Original Communications
Information: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society , Volume 23 , Issue 3 , July 1891 , pp. 361 - 392

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00021080 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Royal Asiatic Society 1891

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References

^{page 361 note 1} Rājatarangini, Calc. ed. i. 4.

^{page 362 note 1} Rājatarangini, Calc. ed. p. 15 and note.

^{page 362 note 2} Tree and Serpent Worship, Plates xxiv. xliv. lxx. lxxx.

^{page 364 note 1} Mahābhārata, Udyoga, Sainyodyoga Parva, x. 26; Adi, Sambhava Parva, lxxv. 230.

^{page 364 note 2} Ib. Adi Parva, Astika Parva, xxxv. 113. (All references to the Mahābhārata are to P. C. Roy's Calcutta ed.)

^{page 364 note 3} Vishnu Purana, Ed. Hall, I. xxi. 74, note.

^{page 364 note 4} Harivansa, Langlois, I. xxii.

^{page 364 note 5} Vishnu Purana, Wilson, 411.

^{page 365 note 1} Kathā Sarit Sāgara, I. 175; Nāgananda, Boyd's trans.

^{page 366 note 1} Annals of Rajasthan, i. 75.

^{page 367 note 1} Mahābhārata, Astika Parva, xviii. 79.

^{page 368 note 1} Mahābhārata, Udyoga, Bhagavatyana Parva, xcix. 306.

^{page 368 note 2} Harivansa, Langlois, I. 399.

^{page 368 note 3} Ib. I. 401.

^{page 368 note 4} Mahābhārata, Sabhā Parva, Lokapala-Sabhākhyana Parva, ix. 29.

^{page 369 note 1} Vishṇu Purāṇa, Hall's ed. II. vol. v. p. 208.

^{page 369 note 2} Vishṇu Purāṇa, ed. Hall, II. vol. v. p. 210.

^{page 369 note 3} Mahābhārata, Udyoga, Bhagavatyana Parva, c. 308.

^{page 369 note 4} Mahābhārata, Adi, Astika Parva, xxxi. 106.

^{page 369 note 5} Mahābhārata, Adi Parva, Astika Parva, xxxvi. 114.

^{page 369 note 6} Ib. Adi, Astika Parva xxxii. 108; xxix. 98.

^{page 370 note 1} Mahābhārata, Adi, Astika Parva xxxiv. 111.

^{page 370 note 2} Ib. xxx. 102.

^{page 370 note 3} Ib. xxxiii. 109.

^{page 370 note 4} Mahābhārata, Udyoga, Bhagavatyana Parva, c. 308.

^{page 370 note 5} Ib. c. 309.

^{page 370 note 6} Kathā Sarit Sāgara, i. 416.

^{page 371 note 1} Mahābhārata, Adi Parvi, Sambhava Parvi, lxvi. 190.

^{page 371 note 2} Ib. Udyoga Parvi, Bhagavatyana Parvi, xcix. 308.

^{page 371 note 3} Muir. S. Texts, iv. 59.

^{page 371 note 4} Harivansa, ii. 410.

^{page 372 note 1} Muir. S. Texts, ii. 354.

^{page 372 note 2} Mahābhārata Adi Parva, Sambhava Parva, lxv. 137.

^{page 372 note 3} Ibid. lxvi. 19.

^{page 372 note 4} Harivansa, Langlois, ii. 452.

^{page 373 note 1} Mahābhārata Udyoga Parva, Bhagavatyana Parva, xcvii. 303.

^{page 373 note 2} Vishnu Puraṇa, Hall, ed. II. v. 210.

^{page 373 note 3} Harivansa, ii. 16.

^{page 373 note 4} Mahābhārata, Adi Parva, Astika Parva, liii. 150.

^{page 373 note 5} Sacred Books of East, vol. i. p. 137.

^{page 373 note 6} Origl. Sansk. Texts, vol. iv. pp. 69, 60.

^{page 374 note 1} Origl. Sansk. Texts, vol. ii. pp. 336, 338, 340.

^{page 374 note 2} Muir, Sanskrit Texts, vol. ii. p. 361.

^{page 374 note 3} Ib. vol. ii. p. 362.

^{page 374 note 4} Harivansa, Langlois, ii. 28.

^{page 374 note 5} Mahābhārata, Udyoga, Bhagayatyana Parva, cix. 329.

^{page 375 note 1} Zendavesta, S. B. E. ii. 253.

^{page 375 note 2} Muir, Sansk. Texts, v. 144.

^{page 375 note 3} Mahābhārata, Adi, Astika Parva, xxxv. 113.

^{page 375 note 4} Ib. xxxvi. 114.

^{page 375 note 5} Mahābhārata, Adi Parva, Astika Parva, xxxvi. 115.

^{page 376 note 1} Vishṇu Purāṇa, Hall's ed. II. v. 213.

^{page 376 note 2} Hiouen Thsang (Memoires), i. 152.

^{page 376 note 3} Mahābhārata, Salya, Gudāyuddhya Parya, xxvii. 149.

^{page 377 note 1} Vishṇu Purāṇna, Hall's ed. IV. iv. 319.

^{page 377 note 2} Mahābhārata, Adi Parva, Pausya Parva, iii. 56.

^{page 377 note 3} Ib. Sabha, Rajasuyika Parva, xxxiii. 96.

^{page 377 note 4} Ib. Adi, Khāndava-daha Parva, ccxxx. 632.

^{page 377 note 5} Panjāb Legends, 459.

^{page 378 note 1} Mahābhārata, Adi, Aṣtika Parva, xli. 124.

^{page 378 note 2} Ib. lii 148.

^{page 378 note 3} Mahābhārata, Adi Parva, Astika Parva, liii. 150.

^{page 378 note 4} Panjāb Gazetteer (Sealkot), p. 14.

^{page 378 note 5} Annals of Rājasthan, i. 82.

^{page 379 note 1} Mahābharata, Karna Parva, xliv. 153.

^{page 379 note 2} Lassen, Pentap. Ind. 21.

^{page 379 note 3} Mahābhārata, Karna Parva, xliv. 154.

^{page 379 note 4} Mahābhārata, Karna Parva, xliv. 155.

^{page 379 note 5} Ib. Sabha, Digvijaya Parva, xxxii. 94.

^{page 379 note 6} Ib. Karna Parva, xliv. 153.

^{page 379 note 7} Ib. Karna Parva, xliv. 154; Adi, Sambhava Parva, cxiii. 333.

^{page 379 note 8} Kathā Sarit Sāgara, i. 416.

^{page 379 note 9} Mahābhārata, Adi, Pausya Parva, iii. 59.

^{page 379 note 10} Vishṇu Purāṇa, Halhed, iv. iv. 319.

^{page 379 note 11} Ancient Geog. Ind. i. 180.

^{page 380 note 1} Panjãb Gazetteer (Montgomery Dist.), 64.

^{page 380 note 2} Ind. Antiquary, iv. 321.

^{page 380 note 3} Annals of Rājasthan, i. 702.

^{page 380 note 4} Mahābhārata, Karna Parva, xliv. 153.

^{page 380 note 5} Ibid. Udyoga Parva, Sainyodyoga Parva, vii. 14.

^{page 380 note 6} Ibid. Karna Parva, xliv. 158.

^{page 380 note 7} Harivansa (Langlois), ii. 490.

^{page 381 note 1} Divya Avadana, Burnouf, Introd. Hist. Bud. Ind. 362.

^{page 381 note 2} Ib. 405.

^{page 381 note 3} Cunningham, Ancient Geog. Ind. i. 108.

^{page 381 note 4} Fah Hian, xi. 32.

^{page 381 note 5} Hiouen Thsang (Vie et Voyages), 89.

^{page 381 note 6} Hiouen Thsang (Vie et Voyages), 97.

^{page 381 note 7} Hiouen Thsang (Memoires), ii. 173.

^{page 381 note 8} El Masūdi, Sprenger, 390.

^{page 382 note 1} Rājatarangini (Calo. ed.), 390.

^{page 382 note 2} Annals of Rajasthan, i. 84.

^{page 382 note 3} Panjãb Gazetteer (Montgomery), 64.

^{page 382 note 4} Annals of Rājasthan, i. 83.

^{page 382 note 5} Ib. i. 84.

^{page 382 note 6} Annals of Rāsjasthan, i. 632.

^{page 382 note 7} Ib. i. 102.

^{page 383 note 1} Mahābhārata, Sabha Parva, Jarāsandha-badha Parva, xxi. 63.

^{page 383 note 2} Ib. Vana Parva, Tirthayatra Parva, xxxiv. 272.

^{page 383 note 3} Vishnu Purana (Hall) V. vii. 287.

^{page 383 note 4} Vishṇu Purāṇa (Hall), IV. xxiv. 215.

^{page 383 note 5} J.A.S.B. xxxiv. 117, 118.

^{page 383 note 6} Mahāwanso (Turnour), i. 5.

^{page 384 note 1} Mahawanso (Turnour), 185; J.A.S.B. XVII. ii. 87.

^{page 384 note 2} Tree and Serpent Worship, 52.

^{page 384 note 3} J.R.A.S. Vol. IX. p. 69.

^{page 384 note 4} Ibid. p. 95.

^{page 384 note 5} Annals of Rājasthan, i. 44.

^{page 385 note 1} Mahābhārata, Adi Parva, Astika Parva, xxxvi. 115.

^{page 385 note 2} Hist. Anct. Sansk Lit. 38.

^{page 385 note 3} Tree and Serpent Worship, 78.

^{page 385 note 4} Mahābhārata, Adi Parva, Sambhava Parva, lxxv. 230.

^{page 385 note 5} Vishṇu Purāṇa (Wilson), 412, note.

^{page 385 note 6} Fergusson, Hist. Ind. and E. Architecture, 269.

^{page 386 note 1} Vishṇu Purāṇa (Hall), III. xviii. 215.

^{page 386 note 2} Rockhill, Life of Buddha, 12; Turnour, Mahawanso, Introd. xxxv; Lalita Vistara, ii. 149.

^{page 386 note 3} Hiouen Thsang, ii. 141.

^{page 386 note 4} Mahābhārata, Vana Parva Tirthayatra Parva, lxxxiv. 267.

^{page 386 note 5} Tree and Serpent Worship, plate xcviii.; Ind. and E. Architect, pl. 17.

^{page 386 note 6} Tree and Serpent Worship, pi. lxx.

^{page 386 note 7} Oldfield, ii. 169.

^{page 386 note 8} Mahāvagga, i. 3. 2, S.B.E. xiii.; Fah Hian, 125.

^{page 387 note 1} Divyāvadāna in Burnouf, Introd. 332.

^{page 387 note 2} Mahawanso (Turnour), v. 27.

^{page 387 note 3} T. and S. Worship, 64.

^{page 387 note 4} Fah Hian, 67.

^{page 387 note 5} Hiouen Thsang (Memoires), i. 152.

^{page 387 note 6} Ind. Antiquary, May, 1875.

^{page 387 note 7} Rajatarangini, Calc. ed. 73.

^{page 388 note 1} Divyā Avadāna, Burnouf, 373.

^{page 388 note 2} Ib. 431.

^{page 388 note 3} Divyā Avadāna, Burnouf, 424.

^{page 388 note 4} Manawanso Tīfā (Turnour), Introd. xxxvii.

^{page 388 note 5} Ancient Geog. Ind. i. 451.

^{page 388 note 6} Corp. Insc. Ind. iii. 185.

^{page 388 note 7} Kumāon Gazetteer, p. 835.

^{page 389 note 1} Mahābhārata, Vana, Draupadi-harana Parva, cclxxi. 802.

^{page 389 note 2} Harivansa, Langlois, ii. 253.

^{page 389 note 3} Mahābhārata, Vana, Nivāta Kavacha Tuddha Parva, clxx. 506.

^{page 389 note 4} Mahābhārata, Udyoga, Saṁyaniryāna Parva, xlv. 452.

^{page 389 note 5} Ras Māla, 238.

^{page 390 note 1} Ind. and E. Architect, p. 46.

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