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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 May 2017
Historically, the standard tree set in commercial apple orchards has been 27 trees per acre, planted on 40 foot centers. With this planting system trees tend to become quite large, requiring substantial amounts of labor for pruning, spraying and harvesting. The large amount of vegetative growth on these trees renders much of the innertree fruit bearing surface unproductive due to shading.