Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T08:08:16.321Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Thirty years' progress in age determination of squid using statoliths

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 October 2011

Alexander I. Arkhipkin*
Affiliation:
Fisheries Department, FIPASS, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands
Zhanna N. Shcherbich
Affiliation:
Fisheries Department, FIPASS, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: A.I. Arkhipkin, Fisheries Department, FIPASS Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands email: [email protected]

Abstract

The discovery thirty years ago of daily growth increments in squid statoliths and the development of statolith ageing techniques gave new insight into squid age, growth and metabolism. The techniques have shown that the majority of recent coleoid cephalopods live in the ‘fast lane’, growing rapidly and completing their life cycles in a year or less. Surprisingly, these useful approaches to the study of age and growth in squid have not gained much momentum. Only approximately an eighth of more than 300 squid species have had their basic age assessed and described. Two dozen species are subject to continuing arguments about which increments to consider as daily growth increments. This paper outlines major problems encountered during age determination of squid and suggests ways to improve the techniques and make them applicable to a wider spectrum of species.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Arkhipkin, A.I. (1996) Age and growth of planktonic squids Cranchia scabra and Liocranchia reinhardti (Cephalopoda, Cranchiidae) in epipelagic waters of the central-east Atlantic. Journal of Plankton Research 18, 16751683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arkhipkin, A.I. (1997a) Age of the micronektonic squid Pterygioteuthis gemmata (Cephalopoda: Pyroteuthidae) from the central-east Atlantic based on statolith growth increments. Journal of Molluscan Studies 63, 287290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arkhipkin, A.I. (1997b) Age and growth of the mesopelagic squid Ancistrocheirus lesueurii (Oegopsina: Ancistrocheiridae) from the central-east Atlantic based on statolith microstructure. Marine Biology 129, 103111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arkhipkin, A.I. (2004) Diversity in growth and longevity in short-lived animals: squid of the suborder Oegopsina. Marine and Freshwater Research 55, 341355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arkhipkin, A.I. (2005) Statoliths as black boxes (life recorders) in squid. Marine and Freshwater Research 56, 573583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arkhipkin, A.I. and Bizikov, V.A. (1997) Statolith shape and microstructure in studies of systematics, age, and growth in planktonic paralarvae of gonatid squids (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida) from the western Bering Sea. Journal of Plankton Research 19, 19932030.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arkhipkin, A.I., Bizikov, V.A., Krylov, V.V. and Nesis, K.N. (1996) Distribution, stock structure and growth of the squid Berryteuthis magister Berry, 1913 (Cephalopoda, Gonatidae) during summer and fall in the Western Bering Sea. Fishery Bulletin 94, 130.Google Scholar
Balch, N., Sirois, A. and Hurley, G.V. (1988) Growth increments in statoliths from paralarvae of the ommastrephid squid Illex (Cephalopoda: Teuthoidea). Malacologia 29, 103112.Google Scholar
Beamish, R.J. and McFarlane, G.A. (1983) The forgotten requirement for age validation in fisheries biology. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 12, 735743.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bettencourt, V. and Guerra, A. (2001) Age studies based on daily growth increments in statoliths and growth lamellae in cuttlebone of cultured Sepia officinalis. Marine Biology 139, 327334.Google Scholar
Bizikov, V.A. and Arkhipkin, A.I. (1997) Morphology and microstructure of the gladius and statolith from the boreal Pacific giant squid Moroteuthis robusta (Oegopsina: Onychoteuthidae). Journal of Zoology, London 241, 475492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campana, S.E. (1999) Chemistry and composition of fish otoliths: pathways, mechanisms and applications. Marine Ecology Progress Series 188, 263297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campana, S.E. (2005) Otolith science entering the 21st century. Marine and Freshwater Research 56, 485496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, M.R. (1966) A review of the systematics and ecology of oceanic squids. Advances in Marine Biology 4, 91300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, M.R. (1978) The cephalopod statolith—an introduction to its form. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 58, 701712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawe, E.G. and Beck, P. (1997) Population structure, growth, and sexual maturation of short-finned squid (Illex illecebrosus) at Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, 137146.Google Scholar
Dawe, E.G. and Natsukari, Y. (1991) Light microscopy. In Jereb, P., Ragonese, S. and Boletzky Von, S. (eds) Squid age determination using statoliths. Proceedings of the International Workshop, Mazara del Vallo, Italy, 9–14 October 1989. Mazara del Vallo, Italy: NTR–ITPP Special Publications, No.1. Instituto di Tecnologia della Pesca e del Pescato, pp. 8396.Google Scholar
Dawe, E.G., O'Dor, R.K., O'Dense, P.H. and Hurley, G.V. (1985) Validation and application of an ageing technique for short-finned squid (Illex illecebrosus). Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science 6, 107 − 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dilly, P.N. (1976) The structure of some cephalopod statoliths. Cell and Tissue Research 175, 147163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fendt, W. (2003) Diffraction of light by a single slit. http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/singleslit.htmGoogle Scholar
Fredriksson, A. (1943) Remarks on the age and growth of the squid (Ommastostrephes todarus Raphinesque) in Icelandic waters. Greinar 2, 170174.Google Scholar
Gauldie, R.W., West, I.F. and Coote, G.E. (1995) Evaluating otolith age estimates for Hoplostethus atlanticus by comparing patterns of checks, cycles in microincrement width, and analysis in strontium and calcium composition. Bulletin of Marine Science 56, 76102.Google Scholar
Hurley, G.V., Beck, P., Drew, J. and Radtke, R.L. (1979) Preliminary report on validating age readings from statoliths of the short-finned squid (Illex illecebrosus). ICNAF Research Documents, No. 79/II/26, Ser. No. 5352. Dartmouth, NS: International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, 6 pp.Google Scholar
Hurley, G.V., O'Dense, P., O'Dor, R.K. and Dawe, E.G. (1985) Strontium labeling for verifying daily growth increments in the statoliths of the short-finned squid (Illex illecebrosus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, 380383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, G.D. (1994) Application and future potential of statolith increment analysis in squid and sepioids. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, 26122625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, G.D. (2004) Advances in defining the life histories of myopsid squid. Marine and Freshwater Research 55, 357365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, G.D., Arkhipkin, A.I., Bizikov, V.A. and Hanlon, R.T. (1993) Laboratory and field corroboration of age and growth from statoliths and gladii of the loliginid squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). In Okutani, T., O'Dor, R.K. and Kubodera, T. (eds) Recent advances in fisheries biology. Tokyo: TokaiUniversity Press, pp. 189199.Google Scholar
Jackson, G.D., Lu, C.C. and Dunning, M. (1991) Growth rings within the statolith microstructure of the giant squid Architeuthis. Veliger 34, 331334.Google Scholar
Jackson, G.D., Forsythe, J.W., Hixon, R.F. and Hanlon, R.T. (1997) Age, growth, and maturation of Lolliguncula brevis (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in the northwest Gulf of Mexico with a comparison of length–frequency versus statolith age analysis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, 29072919.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, G.D. and O'Dor, R.K. (2001) Time, space and the ecophysiology of squid growth, life in the fast lane. Vie et Milieu 51, 205215.Google Scholar
Lipinski, M.R. (1978) The age of squids, Illex illecebrosus (LeSueur, 1821) from their statoliths. ICNAF Research Documents, No. 78/II/15, Ser. No. 5167. Dartmouth, NS; International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, 4 pp.Google Scholar
Lipinski, M.R. (1980) A preliminary study on age of squids from their statoliths. NAFO Scientific Council Research Documents No. 80/II/22. Dartmouth, tNS: Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization, 17 pp.Google Scholar
Lipinski, M.R. (1986) Methods for the validation of squid age from statoliths. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 66, 505526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipinski, M.R. (1993) The deposition of statoliths: a working hypothesis. In Okutani, T., O'Dor, R.K. and Kubodera, T. (eds) Recent advances in cephalopod fisheries biology. Tokyo: Tokai University Press, pp. 241262.Google Scholar
Lipinski, M.R. (1997) Morphology of giant squid Architeuthis statoliths. South African Journal of Marine Science 18, 299303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipinski, M.R. and Durholtz, M.D. (1994) Problems associated with ageing squid from their statoliths: towards a more structured approach. Antarctic Science 6, 215222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipinski, M.R., Durholtz, M.D. and Underhill, L.G. (1998) Field validation of age readings from the statoliths of chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii D'Orbigny, 1845) and an assessment of associated errors. ICES Journal of Marine Science 55, 240257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, C.C. (1991) Methods for in situ experiments on statolith increment formation, with results for embryos of Alloteuthis subulata. In Jereb, P., Ragonese, S. and von Boletzky, S. (eds) Squid age determination using statoliths. Proceedings of the International Workshop, Mazara del Vallo, Italy, 9–14 October 1989. Mazara del Vallo, Italy: NTR–ITPP Special Publications, No.1, pp. 6772.Google Scholar
Nakamura, Y. and Sakurai, Y. (1991) Validation of daily growth increments in statoliths of Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 57, 20072011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Natsukari, Y., Mukai, H., Nakahama, S. and Kubodera, T. (1993) Age and growth estimation of a gonatid squid, Berryteuthis magister, based on statolith microstructure. In Okutani, T., O'Dor, R.K. and Kubodera, T. (eds) Recent advances in cephalopod fisheries biology. Tokyo: Tokai University Press, pp. 351364.Google Scholar
Panella, G. (1971) Fish otoliths: daily growth layers and periodical patterns. Science 173, 11241127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radtke, R.L. (1983) Chemical and structural characteristics of statoliths from the short-finned squid Illex illecebrosus. Marine Biology 76, 4754.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raja, M. (1935) Ricerche sull'accrescimento postembrionale del Loligo vulgaris. Archives de Zoologia de Torino 21, 447473.Google Scholar
Roeleveld, M.A.C. and Lipinski, M.R. (1991) The giant squid Architeuthis in southern African waters. Journal of Zoology, London 224, 431477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenberg, A.A., Wiborg, K.F. and Beck, I.M. (1980) Growth of Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck) (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) from the Northwest Atlantic, based on counts of statolith growth rings. Sarsia 66, 5357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spratt, J.D. (1978) Age and growth of the market squid, Loligo opalescens Berry, in Monterey Bay. Fishery Bulletin of the Department Fish and Game, California 169, 3544.Google Scholar
Uozumi, Y. and Shiba, C. (1993) Growth and age composition of Illex argentinus (Cephalopoda: Oegopsina) based on daily increment counts in statoliths. In Okutani, T., O'Dor, R.K. and Kubodera, T. (eds) Recent advances in cephalopod fisheries biology. Tokyo: Tokai University Press, pp. 591605.Google Scholar
Verrill, A.E. (1881) The cephalopods of the north-eastern coast of America. Part II. The smaller cephalopods including the squid and octopus, with other allied forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Science 5, 260446.Google Scholar