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The Temperate North Pacific Bryozoan Smittoidea prolifica (Cheilostomatida: Smittinidae) in the Northwest Atlantic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 September 2024

Thomas J. Trott Open the ORCID record for Thomas J. Trott [Opens in a new window]
Thomas J. Trott*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Suffolk University, Boston, MA 02108, USA
*
Corresponding author: Thomas J. Trott Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

The Pacific bryozoan, Smittoidea prolifica Osburn, 1952, is reported for the first time from the Northwest Atlantic coast. Colonies were discovered during routine benthic sampling of Casco Bay, Maine, encrusting mussel shells and barnacles. Aiming to compare specimens from native and introduced locations, uncertainties about the Pacific range of S. prolifica were resolved by re-examining specimens from Japan, southern Korea, the United States west coast, and Mexico. The occurrence of this species in Japan was confirmed but southern Korea specimens were found to be Smittoidea spinigera (Liu, 1990). Comparisons of biometrics among specimens from widely dispersed locations where S. prolifica is native and introduced showed significant trends in variation with most characters largest for California and smallest for Germany. Zooid width was largest for Maine specimens. Comparisons between oceans showed that Pacific and Atlantic specimens differed significantly in all measures except zooid length and orifice width. Low substrate specificity and broad range of temperatures and salinities in occupied habitats suggests the potential for successful introduction is high. Smittoidea prolifica was most likely introduced through commercial shipping from the North Sea where it is an established non-native species. This was the third non-indigenous species found in Casco Bay discovered within the same timeframe and which shared the same likely region of origin. This spike matched a rise in commercial shipping from the Northeast Atlantic to Portland, Maine, suggesting this seaport is shifting towards becoming a bioinvasion hotspot.

Keywords

BiogeographyBryozoansNon-native Invasive SpeciesNorthwest AtlanticSpecies Introductions
Type
Marine Record
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 104 , 2024 , e74
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

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