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Spatial pattern of rocky intertidal barnacle recruitment: comparison over multiple tidal levels and years

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2009

Daphne M. Munroe  and
Takashi Noda
Daphne M. Munroe*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
Takashi Noda
Affiliation:
Faculty of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: D.M. Munroe, Faculty of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Recently developed methods allow quantification and examination of point patterns. Understanding patterns of aggregation or regularity of larval recruits at various spatial scales can help in identifying underlying ecological and biological processes determining their distribution. A rocky shore plot (30 cm wide × 100 cm tall) in southern Hokkaido, Japan was cleared each summer. Barnacle (Chthamallus challengeri) recruitment, after a period of approximately 134 days, was recorded using 40 photographs (25 cm2); 8 photographs per 20 cm horizontal band of tidal height, 5 bands total. Barnacle recruits within each photograph were mapped and co-ordinates used to analyse aggregation at scales from 0–2 cm using Ripley's K statistic and neighbourhood density function (NDF) (both models assumed heterogeneity of first-order density). Quadrat density counts at scales from 20–50 cm provided estimates of aggregation using Morisita's standardized index. These analyses showed that barnacle recruits demonstrate ordered spacing up to a distance of 6 mm. From 6 mm to 2 cm recruits show random spacing based on NDF, but ordered distribution based on the Ripley's K statistic. This discrepancy is likely a result of the cumulative nature of the Ripley's K statistic. At larger scales, Morisita's standardized index indicated aggregation. This result may be explained biologically by the trade off between maximizing need for space at small spatial scales, however being constrained by copulation with neighbours, resulting in aggregation at scales larger than the maximum penis length. The observed pattern was consistent among years with different recruitment densities and among tidal levels, indicating site specific characteristics and interspecific interactions may have a larger influence than desiccation stress or density dependence on spacing of recruits.

Keywords

spatial point patternbarnacle recruitmentrocky intertidalRipley's Ktide heightChthamallus challengeri
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 89 , Issue 2 , March 2009 , pp. 345 - 353
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2009

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