Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T16:18:01.111Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Morphology of juvenile phase of Achelous spinimanus (Latreille, 1819) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) reared in laboratory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2015

Eduardo Antonio Bolla Júnior  and
Maria Lucia Negreiros Fransozo
Eduardo Antonio Bolla Júnior
Affiliation:
Instituto Federal de São Paulo, Av. Professor Celso Ferreira da Silva n. 1333, Jardim Europa, 18707-150 Avaré, São Paulo, Brazil NEBECC (Group of studies on crustacean biology, ecology and culture), Department of Zoology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
Maria Lucia Negreiros Fransozo*
Affiliation:
NEBECC (Group of studies on crustacean biology, ecology and culture), Department of Zoology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
*
Correspondence should be addressed to:M.L. Negreiros Fransozo, NEBECC (Group of studies on crustacean biology, ecology and culture), Department of Zoology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The swimming crab Achelous spinimanus is an important fishery component of several countries in the Western Atlantic; therefore, knowledge of the different phases of its life cycle is essential for good management of this resource. The juvenile development of A. spinimanus was investigated in the laboratory, from megalopae captured in neuston samples at Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil (23°26′S 46°09′W), during the summer months of 2005–2007. Rearing was performed in a constant temperature (25 ± 1°C), filtered seawater from the collection location (35 psu) and natural photoperiod. We obtained nine stages of the juvenile phase. All the morphological characters that allow the recognition of the first juvenile stage were drawn and described, as well as the main alterations that occur in the following stages. The sexual differentiation based on the number of pleopods becomes apparent from the third stage on. Some important characters in the identification of the species at the juvenile phase are the number of segments on the exopod of antennule, on the antennal flagellum and on the palp of mandible, beyond the absence of pleopods (even rudimentary) in the first stage.

Keywords

Swimming crabBrachyuradevelopmentpost-larvalimmature
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 96 , Issue 3 , May 2016 , pp. 615 - 631
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anger, K. (2003) Salinity as a key parameter in the larval biology of decapod crustaceans. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 43, 29–45. doi: 10.1080/07924259.2003.9652520.Google Scholar
Barutot, R.A., Vieira, R.R.R. and Rieger, P.J. (2001) Desenvolvimento juvenil de Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae), em laboratório, a partir de megalopas coletadas no plâncton. Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Série Zoologia 14, 23–42.Google Scholar
Bolla, E.A. Jr, Fransozo, V. and Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (2014) Juvenile development of Callinectes danae Smith, 1869 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) under laboratory conditions. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, 211–228. doi: 10.1590/0001-37652014118912.Google Scholar
Bolla, E.A. Jr, Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. and Fransozo, A. (2008) Juvenile development of Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae), from megalopae obtained in the neuston. Zootaxa 1788, 1–20.Google Scholar
Clark, P.F., Calazans, D.D. and Pohle, G.W. (1998) Accuracy and standardization of brachyuran larval descriptions. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 33, 127–144. doi: 10.1080/07924259.1998.9652627.Google Scholar
Corbi-Corrêa, E. and Fransozo, A. (2002) Growth patterns of Portunus spinicarpus (Stimpson, 1871) (Decapoda, Portunoidea) from Ubatuba region (SP), Brazil. Nauplius 10, 131–137.Google Scholar
De Grave, S., Pentcheff, N.D., Ahyong, S.T., Chan, T.Y., Crandall, K.A., Dworschak, P.C., Felder, D.L., Feldmann, R.M., Fransen, C.H.J.M., Goulding, L.Y.D., Lemaitre, R., Low, M.E.Y., Martin, J.W., Ng, P.K.L., Schweitzer, C.E., Tan, S.H., Tshudy, D. and Wetzer, R. (2009) A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 21, 1–109.Google Scholar
De Lestang, S., Hall, N. and Potter, I.C. (2003) Influence of a deep artificial entrance channel on the biological characteristics of the blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus in a large microtidal estuary. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 295, 41–61. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00273-9.Google Scholar
Demain, D.K., Gallego, A., Jaworski, A., Priede, I.G. and Jones, E.G. (2011) Diet and feeding niches of juvenile Gadus morhua, Melanogrammus aeglefinus and Merlangius merlangus during the settlement transition in the northern North Sea. Journal of Fish Biology 79, 89–111. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02997.x.Google Scholar
Diaz, H. and Ewald, J.J. (1968) A comparison of the larval development of Metasesarma rubripes (Rathbun) and Sesarma ricordi H. Milne Edwards (Brachyura, Grapsidae) reared under similar laboratory conditions. Crustaceana, Supplements 2, 225–248.Google Scholar
Dineen, J.F., Clark, P.F., Hines, A.H., Reed, S.A. and Walton, H.P. (2001) Life history, larval description, and natural history of Charybdis hellerii (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae), an invasive crab in the Western Atlantic. Journal of Crustacean Biology 21, 774–805. doi: 10.1163/20021975-99990173.Google Scholar
Figueiredo, J., Penha-Lopes, G., Narciso, L. and Lin, J. (2008) Effect of starvation during late megalopa stage of Mithraculus forceps (Brachyura: Majidae) on larval duration, synchronism of metamorphosis, survival to juvenile, and newly metamorphosed juvenile size. Aquaculture 274, 175–180. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.10.052.Google Scholar
Flores, A.A.V., Marques, F.P.L. and Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (2002) Postlarval stages and growth patterns of the spider crab Pyromaia tuberculata (Brachyura, Majidae) from laboratory-reared material. Journal of Crustacean Biology 22, 314–327. doi: 10.1163/20021975-99990238.Google Scholar
Flores, A.A.V., Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. and Fransozo, A. (1998) The megalopa and juvenile development of Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (Decapoda, Brachyura), compared with other grapsid crabs. Crustaceana 71, 197–222. doi: 10.1163/156854098X00176.Google Scholar
Fransozo, A. (1986/87) Desenvolvimento dos estágios juvenis de Sesarma (Holometopus) rectum Randall, 1840 (Decapoda, Grapsidae) obtidos em laboratório. Naturalia 12, 77–87.Google Scholar
Fransozo, A. and Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1987) Morfologia dos primeiros estágios juvenis de Eriphia gonagra (Fabricius, 1781) e Eurypanopeus abbreviatus (Stimpson, 1860) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae), obtidos em laboratório. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 36, 257–277.Google Scholar
Fransozo, A., Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. and Hiyodo, C.M. (1988) Développement juvénile de Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae) au laboratoire. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale 21, 297–308.Google Scholar
Garm, A. (2004) Revising the definition of the crustacean seta and setal classification systems based on examinations of the mouthpart setae of seven species of decapods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 142, 233–252. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00132.x.Google Scholar
González-Gordillo, J.I., Anger, K. and Schubart, C.D. (2010) Morphology of the larval and first juvenile stages of two Jamaican endemic crab species with abbreviated development, Sesarma windsor and Metopaulias depressus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 30, 101–121. doi: 10.1651/08-3110.1.Google Scholar
Guerao, G. and Abelló, P. (2011) Early juvenile development of Mediterranean Liocarcinus depurator (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae). Journal of Natural History 45, 2175–2193. doi: 10.1080/00222933.2011.590948.Google Scholar
Guerao, G., Abelló, P. and Cartes, J. (1998) Morphology of the megalopa and first crab instar of the Shamefaced Crab Calappa granulata (Crustacea, Brachyura, Calappidae). Miscellanea Zoologica Hungarica 21, 37–47.Google Scholar
Guerao, G., Abelló, P. and Cuesta, J.A. (1997) Morphology of the megalopa and first crab stage of the mediolittoral crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Brachyura, Grapsidae, Grapsinae). Zoosystema 19, 437–447.Google Scholar
Guerao, G., Anger, K., Nettelmann, U. and Schubart, C.D. (2004) Complete larval and early juvenile development of the mangrove crab Perisesarma fasciatum (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Singapore, with a larval comparison of Parasesarma and Perisesarma. Journal of Plankton Research 26, 1389–1408. doi: 10.1093/plankt/fbh127.Google Scholar
Guerao, G., Anger, K. and Schubart, C.D. (2007) Larvae and first-stage juveniles of the American genus Armases (Brachyura: Sesarmidae): a morphological description of two complete developments and one first zoeal stage. Journal of Natural History 41, 1811–1839. doi: 10.1080/00222930701500431.Google Scholar
Guerao, G. and Rotllant, G. (2009) Post-larval development and sexual dimorphism of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla (Brachyura: Majidae). Scientia Marina 73, 797–808. doi: 10.3989/scimar.2009.73n4797.Google Scholar
Guerao, G. and Rotllant, G. (2010) Development and growth of the early juveniles of the spider crab Maja squinado (Brachyura: Majoidea) in an individual culture system. Aquaculture 307, 105–110. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.06.006.Google Scholar
Guerao, G., Rufino, M. and Abelló, P. (2002) The complete larval development and first juvenile of the spider crab Inachus thoracicus Roux, 1830 (Brachyura: Majidae: Inachinae). Journal of Plankton Ressearch 24, 875–887. doi: 10.1093/plankt/24.9.875.Google Scholar
Guerao, G., Simoni, R., Cannicci, S. and Anger, K. (2011) Morphological description of the megalopa and the first juvenile crab stage of Chiromantes eulimene (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae), with a revision on zoeal morphology. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 55, 100–109. doi: 10.1080/07924259.2011.553416.Google Scholar
Guimarães, F.J. and Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (2005) Juvenile development and growth patterns in the mud crab Eurytium limosum (Say, 1818) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthidae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Natural History 39, 2145–2161. doi: 10.1080/00222930500061254.Google Scholar
Guinot, D. and Bouchard, J.M. (1998) Evolution of the abdominal holding systems of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zoosystema 20, 613–694.Google Scholar
Hebling, N.J., Fransozo, A. and Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1982) Desenvolvimento dos primeiros estágios juvenis de Panopeus herbstii H. Milne-Edwards, 1834 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae), criadas em laboratório. Naturalia 7, 177–188.Google Scholar
Hebling, N.J. and Rieger, P.J. (2003) Desenvolvimento juvenil de Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Calappidae), em laboratório. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 20, 531–539.Google Scholar
Hernández, T.I. and Ramírez, G.J. (1990) Obtención de jaiba suave Callinectes spp en flotadores de madera en Alvarado. Secretaría de Pesca, Serie Documentos de Trabajo (México) 16, 1–22.Google Scholar
Hirose, G.L., Bolla, E.A. Jr and Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (2010) Post-larval morphology, growth, and development of Uca cumulanta Crane, 1943 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) under laboratory conditions. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 54, 95–109. doi: 10.1080/07924259.2010.9652321.Google Scholar
Hirose, G.L. and Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (2008) Growth and juvenile development of Uca maracoani Latreille, 1802–1803 in laboratory conditions (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 88, 161–168.Google Scholar
Ingle, R.W. (1977) The larval and post-larval development of the scorpion spider crab, Inachus dorsettensis (Pennant) (Family: Majidae), reared in the laboratory. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 3, 331–348.Google Scholar
Ingle, R.W. (1979) The larval and post-larval development of the brachyuran crab Geryon tridens Kröyer (Family Geryonidae) reared in the laboratory. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 36, 217–232.Google Scholar
Ingle, R.W. (1981) The larval and post-larval development of the Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus Linnaeus (Decapoda: Brachyura). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 40, 211–236.Google Scholar
Ingle, R.W. and Clark, P.F. (1980) The larval and post-larval development of Gibbs's spider crab, Pisa armata (Latreille) [family Majidae: subfamily Pisinae], reared in the laboratory. Journal of Natural History 14, 723–735. doi: 10.1080/00222938000770601.Google Scholar
Ingle, R.W. and Rice, A.L. (1984) The juvenile stages of eight swimming crab species (Crustacea: Brachyura: Portunidae): a comparative study. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 46, 345–354.Google Scholar
Kurata, H. (1975) Larvae of Decapoda Brachyura of Arasaki, Sagami Bay-V. The swimming crabs of subfamily Portuninae. Bulletin of the Nansei Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory 8, 39–65.Google Scholar
Lebour, M.V. (1944a) Larval crabs from Bermuda. Zoologica 29, 113–128.Google Scholar
Lebour, M.V. (1944b) The larval stages of Portumnus (Crustacea, Brachyura) with notes on some other genera. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 26, 7–15. doi: 10.1017/S0025315400014429.Google Scholar
Lee, T.H., Yamauchi, M. and Yamazaki, F. (1994) Sex differentiation in the crab Eriocheir japonicus (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 25, 123–137. doi: 10.1080/07924259.1994.9672377.Google Scholar
Lwin, T.T., Doi, W., Yokota, M., Strüssmann, C.A. and Watanabe, S. (2007) Juvenile morphology of the xanthid crab Leptodius exaratus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1834) (Decapoda: Brachyura), with notes on the appearance of sexual dimorphism. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 50, 191–201. doi: 10.1080/07924259.2007.9652246.Google Scholar
Mantelatto, F.L.M. and Fransozo, A. (1996) Size at sexual maturity in Callinectes ornatus (Brachyura, Portunidae) from the Ubatuba region (SP), Brazil. Nauplius 4, 29–38.Google Scholar
Mantelatto, F.L.M. and Fransozo, A. (1999). Reproductive biology and moulting cycle of the crab Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) from Ubatuba region, São Paulo, Brazil. Crustaceana 72, 63–76. doi: 10.1163/156854099502871.Google Scholar
Mantelatto, F.L.M., Robles, R., Schubart, C.D. and Felder, D.L. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of the genus Cronius Stimpson, 1860, with reassignment of C. tumidulus and several American species of Portunus to the genus Achelous De Haan, 1833 (Brachyura: Portunidae). In Martin, J.W., Crandall, K.A. and Felder, D.L. (eds) Crustacean issues: decapod crustacean phylogenetics. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis/CRC Press, pp. 537–551.Google Scholar
Marques, F.P.L., Pohle, G.W. and Vrbova, L. (2003) On the larval stages of Macrocoeloma diplacanthum (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majidae), and a review of Mithracine phylogenetic aspects. Journal of Crustacean Biology 23, 187–200. doi: 10.1163/20021975-99990326.Google Scholar
Martin, J.W., Felder, D.L. and Truesdale, F.M. (1984) A comparative study of morphology and ontogeny in juvenile stages of four western Atlantic xanthoid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 303, 537–604. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1984.0001.Google Scholar
Melo, G.A.S. (1996) Manual de Identificação dos Brachyura (Caranguejos e Siris) do Litoral Brasileiro. 1st edition. São Paulo: Plêiade/FAPESP.Google Scholar
Moraes, J.C.B., Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. and Melo, G.A.S. (2011) Juvenile development of the crab Bathyrhombila sp. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pseudorhombilidae) from megalopae obtained in the neuston. Marine Biology Research 7, 159–175. doi: 10.1080/17451000.2010.489754.Google Scholar
Muraoka, K. (1979) On the post-larva of Pinnixa rathbuni Sakai (Crustacea, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae). Zoological Magazine (Tokyo) 88, 288–294.Google Scholar
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L., Fernandes, C.S., Da Silva, S.M.J. and Fransozo, A. (2011) Early juvenile development of Armases rubripes (Rathbun 1897) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae) and comments on the morphology of the megalopa and first crab. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 55, 53–64. doi: 10.1080/07924259.2010.548645.Google Scholar
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L., Fransozo, A., Gonzalez-Gordillo, J.I. and Bertini, G. (2002) First appraisal on releasing and reinvasion of decapod larvae in a subtropical estuary from Brazil. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 14, 87–94.Google Scholar
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. and Fransozo, V. (2003) Morphometric study of the mud crab, Panopeus austrobesus Williams, 1983 (Decapoda, Brachyura) from a subtropical mangrove in South America. Crustaceana 76, 281–294. doi: 10.1163/156854003765911685.Google Scholar
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L., Wenner, E.L., Knott, D. and Fransozo, A. (2007) The megalopa and early juvenile stages of Calappa tortugae Rathbun, 1933 (Crustacea, Brachyura) reared in laboratory from neuston samples. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 120, 469–485. doi: 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[469:TMAEJS]2.0.CO;2.Google Scholar
Paul, R.K. (1981) The development of a fishery for portunid crabs of the genus Callinectes (Decapoda, Brachyura) in Sinaloa, Mexico. Technical Cooperation Officer, Overseas Development Administration, London, Final Report, 78 pp.Google Scholar
Paula, J. (1988) The larval and post-larval development of Pennant's swimming crab, Portumnus latipes (Pennant) (Brachyura, Portunidae), reared in the laboratory. Crustaceana 55, 202–216. doi: 10.1163/156854088X00537.Google Scholar
Paula, J. and Dos Santos, A. (2000) Larval and early post-larval stages of the crab, Xantho pilipes A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae), reared under laboratory conditions. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 38, 253–264. doi: 10.1080/07924259.2000.9652458Google Scholar
Paula, J. and Hartnoll, R.G. (1989) The larval and post-larval development of Percnon gibbesi (Crustacea, Brachyura, Grapsidae) and the identity of the larval genus Pluteocaris. Journal of Zoology 218, 17–37. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02522.xGoogle Scholar
Pinheiro, M.A.A. and Fransozo, A. (1998) Sexual maturity of the speckled swimming crab Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae), in the Ubatuba littoral, São Paulo state, Brazil. Crustaceana 71, 434–452. doi: 10.1163/156854098X00536.Google Scholar
Ragionieri, L. and Schubart, C.D. (2013) Population genetics, gene flow, and biogeographical boundaries of Carcinus aestuarii (Crustacea: Brachyura: Carcinidae) along the European Mediterranean coast. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 109, 771–790. doi: 10.1111/bij.12099.Google Scholar
Rajabai, K.G. (1959) Studies on the larval development of Brachyura. I. The early and post larval development of Dotilla blanfordi Alcock. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 13, 129–135.Google Scholar
Rajabai Naidu, K.G. (1954) The post larval development of the shore crab Ocypoda platytarsis M. Edwards and Ocypoda cordimana Desmarest. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B 40, 89–101.Google Scholar
Rieger, P.J. and Beltrão, R. (2000) Desenvolvimento juvenil de Cyrtograpsus angulatus Dana (Crustacea, Decapoda, Grapsidae), em laboratório. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 17, 405–420.Google Scholar
Rieger, P.J. and Nakagawa, C. (1995) Desenvolvimento juvenil de Chasmagnathus granulata Dana, 1851 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Grapsidae) em laboratório. Nauplius 3, 59–74.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, M.D. (1997) Desenvolvimento larval e juvenil de Panopeus rugosus A. Milne Edwards, 1889 e de Hexapanopeus heblingi sp. n. e juvenil de Panopeus occidentalis de Saussure, 1857 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae) em laboratório. PhD thesis. Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, A. and Paula, J. (1993) Larval and postlarval development of the mud crab Panopeus africanus A. Milne Edwards (Decapoda: Xanthidae) reared in the laboratory. Journal of Crustacean Biology 13, 296–308. doi: 10.1163/193724093X00084.Google Scholar
Román-Contreras, R. (1986) Análisis de la población de Callinectes spp. (Decapoda: Portunidae) en el sector occidental de la Laguna de Términos, Campeche, México. Anales del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología 13, 315–322. http://biblioweb.tic.unam.mx/cienciasdelmar/instituto/1986-1/articulo207.html.Google Scholar
Sahoo, D., Panda, S. and Guru, B.C. (2011) Studies on reproductive biology and ecology of blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus from Chilika Lagoon, Orissa, India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91, 257–264. doi: 10.1017/S0025315410000354.Google Scholar
Santos, S. and Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1995) Morphometric relationship and maturation in the Portunus spinimanus Latreille, 1819 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 55, 545–553.Google Scholar
Santos, S. and Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1996) Maturidade fisiológica em Portunus spinimanus Latreille, 1819 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Portunidae) na região de Ubatuba, SP. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 39, 365–377.Google Scholar
Santos, S. and Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1997) Fecundity in the swimming crab Portunus spinimanus Latreille, 1819 (Decapoda, Portunidae) from Ubatuba, Brazil. Interciencia 22, 259–263.Google Scholar
Santos, S. and Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1999) Reproductive cycle of the swimming crab Portunus spinimanus Latreille (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16, 1183–1193.Google Scholar
Santos, S., Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. and Fransozo, A. (1995) Estructura poblacional de Portunus spinimanus Latreille, 1819 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Portunidae) en la ensenada de la Fortaleza, Ubatuba (SP), Brasil. Revista de Investigaciones Marinas 16, 37–44.Google Scholar
Sforza, R., Nalesso, R.C. and Joyeux, J.C. (2010) Distribution and population structure of Callinectes danae (Decapoda: Portunidae) in a tropical Brazilian estuary. Journal of Crustacean Biology 30, 597–606. doi: 10.1651/09-3223.1.Google Scholar
Shen, C.J. (1935) An investigation of the post-larval development of the shore-crab Carcinus maenas, with special reference to the external secondary sexual characters. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1935, 1–33.Google Scholar
Sotelo, G., Morán, P. and Posada, D. (2009) Molecular phylogeny and biogeographic history of the European Maja spider crabs (Decapoda, Majidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53, 314–319. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.009.Google Scholar
Stuck, K.C. and Truesdale, F.M. (1988) Larval development of the speckled swimming crab, Arenaeus cribrarius (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae) reared in the laboratory. Bulletin of Marine Science 42, 101–132.Google Scholar
Taissoun, E.N. (1973) Biogeografía y ecología de los cangrejos de la familia ‘Portunidae’ (Crustaceos Decapodos Brachyura) en la costa Atlántica de América. Boletín del Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Universidad del Zulia 7, 7–23.Google Scholar
Vergamini, F.G. and Mantelatto, F.L. (2008) Microdistribution of juveniles and adults of the mud crab Panopeus americanus (Brachyura, Panopeidae) in a remnant mangrove area in the southwest Atlantic. Journal of Natural History 42, 1581–1589. doi: 10.1080/00222930802109157.Google Scholar
Vieira, R.R.R. (2000) Desenvolvimento larval e juvenil de Hexapanopeus caribbaeus (Stimpson, 1871) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae), em laboratório. MSc dissertation. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil.Google Scholar
Yatsuzuka, K. and Sakai, K. (1980) The larvae and juvenile crabs of Japanese Portunidae (Crustacea, Brachyura). I Portunus (Portunus) pelagicus (LINNÉ). Reports of the USA Marine Biological Institute, Kochi University 2, 25–41.Google Scholar