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Hydrozoan diversity on hard bottom in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2010

Andrey Voronkov ,
Sofia D. Stepanjants  and
Haakon Hop
Andrey Voronkov*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Marine Research, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaja emb., 1 199034 St Petersburg, Russia Institute for Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
Sofia D. Stepanjants
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Marine Research, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaja emb., 1 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
Haakon Hop
Affiliation:
Norwegian Polar Institute, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: A. Voronkov, Norwegian Polar Institute, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Hydroids in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, were studied on five hard-bottom transects along gradients of environmental conditions from the glacier at the fjord's head to the fjord's mouth at depth-range 0–30 m. Hydrozoa colonies are widely distributed on rock and gravel substrata in Kongsfjorden. In general, however, hydroids are not dominant or subdominant in zoobenthic communities. The exception is Symplectoscyphus tricuspidatus var. acuminatus, colonies of which were sometimes abundant enough to determine the community structure and characteristics of benthic diversity. Of the 23 species recorded in this study, Laomedea flexuosa, Phialella quadrata and Halecium tenellum as well as representatives of family Stylasteridae were recorded from Svalbard waters for the first time. Hydroid diversity was highest in the zoobenthic community structured by branched bryozoans. The abundance and distribution of hydroids were reduced, to some extent, in the inner part of the fjord compared to the outer fjord. Species richness of hydroids was high at shallow depths, decreased at around 15 m and then increased again to 30 m depth. Species with Low-boreal–Arctic and Panoceanic distributional ranges were the most frequently occurring species. Depth, type of background substratum and amount of silt on its surface were the main factors influencing hydroid distribution. Description of all recorded taxa distributions together with data on their habitat and associations in zoobenthic communities are presented in an Appendix.

Keywords

HydrozoaKongsfjordenSvalbardbenthic diversityhard substratazoobenthic communitiesenvironmental gradients
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 90 , Issue 7 , November 2010 , pp. 1337 - 1352
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2010

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