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Genetic identification of South African Artemia species: invasion, replacement and co-occurrence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 March 2014

Athanasios D. Baxevanis ,
Stefania Maniatsi ,
Dimitrios Kouroupis ,
Konstantinos Marathiotis ,
Ilias Kappas ,
Horst Kaiser  and
Theodore J. Abatzopoulos
Athanasios D. Baxevanis
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Stefania Maniatsi
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Dimitrios Kouroupis
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Konstantinos Marathiotis
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Ilias Kappas
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Horst Kaiser
Affiliation:
Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, PO Box 94, Rhodes University, 6140, South Africa
Theodore J. Abatzopoulos*
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: T.J. Abatzopoulos, Department of Genetics Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Detailed molecular data of Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca) from South Africa are scarce. Here, we provide for the first time genetic data on the species status and phylogeography of Artemia from this region after an extensive sampling expedition. Our 16S rRNA RFLP analysis of 27 Artemia populations, including seven from South African sites, provides evidence for the presence of a mixed bisexual and parthenogenetic component in this area. Phylogenetic and network analyses reveal that three (out of seven) Artemia populations from South Africa belong to the invasive A. franciscana, two of them belong to A. salina while the last two contain both parthenogenetic and bisexual (A. salina) individuals. From a total of 18 haplotypes identified, seven were recorded from South Africa. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of A. franciscana in this region. Its invasiveness is reaffirmed by evidence for the complete replacement of the native A. salina population from Velddrif Saltworks. However, in other cases, parthenogens seem to modify the capacity of A. franciscana to replace natives. Results on the genetic identification of South African Artemia provide insights into the dynamics of invasion and co-occurrence and highlight effects on species interactions and on biodiversity in inland aquatic invertebrates.

Keywords

brine shrimpendemicitybiogeographyAfricaspecies interactionsArtemia
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 94 , Issue 4 , June 2014 , pp. 775 - 785
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2014 

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