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Embryonic brooding and clonal propagation in tropical eastern Pacific cupuladriid bryozoans
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 August 2009
Abstract
Colonial invertebrates often mix sexual and asexual methods of propagation, and a comprehensive understanding of both is required for life history study. The asexual cloning of new colonies in cupuladriid bryozoans is much better studied than the formation of new colonies by sexual reproduction. As such, the relative investments of sexual and asexual modes of propagation remain uncertain. This preliminary study explores patterns of embryonic brooding as a measure of investment into sexual reproduction. We conduct a survey of quantity and arrangement of embryos in tropical eastern Pacific cupuladriid colonies and compare this to the frequency of cloning. Species populations show considerable variation in embryonic brooding. Patterns of brooding, both across and within species strongly support the hypothesis that as cloning increases, investment into sexual reproduction decreases. We find preliminary evidence that individual cupuladriid colonies that propagate sexually may senesce like solitary organisms, while species that regularly clone only appear to experience senescence at the level of the zooid.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 90 , Issue 2 , March 2010 , pp. 291 - 299
- Copyright
- Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2009
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