Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T17:32:08.517Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Distribution of Gammarus Species in Estuaries. Part I

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

G. M. Spooner
G. M. Spooner
Affiliation:
Zoologist at the Plymouth Laboratory
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The work of which an account is here given was largely carried out from the autumn of 1937 to the spring of 1940, when it was interrupted by the war. In taking it up again (in July 1945) while, facilities for field work are still limited, the author feels it useful to publish results as they stand and indicate where further work is considered advisable.

In examinations of the free-swimming bottom fauna of the Tamar and other estuaries, attention was inevitably drawn to the populations of Gammarus species, which make up the greater bulk of it. Before quantitative observations were planned, some interesting points came to light with regard to the qualitative composition of populations. This aspect lent itself more readily to study and, though byno means a new field for exploration, soon proved worth examining ingreater detail than previous workers had attempted.

The broad fact of a replacement of one Gammarus species by another in passing up an estuary was well enough known, though exact knowledge for the British Isles only starts from the time when G. zaddachi Sexton was recognized as a regular member of the upper estuarine fauna of the Tay (Bassindale, 1933; Alexander, Southgate & Bassindale, 1935) and of the Deben (Serventy, 1935). This species proved to be the main brackish-water species overlapping with the marine G. locusta (L.) near the seaward end, and with the fresh-water G. pulex (L.) at the river end (or ‘head’) of the estuary. The status in estuaries of two other brackish-water species, G. duebeni Lillj. and G. chevreuxi Sexton, remained obscure.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 27 , Issue 1 , November 1947 , pp. 1 - 52
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1947

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexander, W. B., Southgate, B. A. & Bassindale, R., 1935. Survey of the River Tees. Part II. The estuary—chemical and biological. D.S.I.R. Water Pollution Research, Tech. Paper No. 5, H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Bassindale, R., 1933. Abnormal eyes in wild Gammarus zaddachi Sexton. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., Vol. XIX, pp. 297–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassindale, R., 1941. Studies on the biology of the Bristol Channel. IV. The invertebrate fauna of the southern shores of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary. Proc. Bristol Nat. Soc., Ser. iv. Vol. IX, pp. 143–201.Google Scholar
Bassindale, R., 1942 a. Studies on the biology ofthe Bristol Channel. VII. The distribution of amphipods in the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel. Journ. Anim. Ecol., Vol. XI, pp. 131–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassindale, R., 1942 b. Studies on the biology of the Bristol Channel. VIII. An account of collecting stations, and corrections to the fauna list. Proc. Bristol Nat. Soc., Ser. iv, Vol. IX, pp. 304–15.Google Scholar
Bassindale, R., 1943. Studies on the biology of the Bristol Channel. XI. The physical environment and intertidal fauna of the southern shores of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary. Journ. Ecol., Vol. XXXI, pp. 1–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beadle, L. C. & Cragg, J. B., 1940. The intertidal zone of two streams and the occurrence of Gammarns spp. on South Rona and Raasay (Inner Hebrides). Journ. Anim. Ecol., Vol. IX, pp. 289–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chevreux, E. & Fage, L., 1925. Amphipodes. Faune de France, Vol. IX, 488 pp. Paris.Google Scholar
Crawford, G. I., 1936. Additions to the Plymouth Marine Fauna (1931) in the crustacean orders Tanaidacea, Isopoda and Amphipoda. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., Vol. XXI, pp. 95–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, G. I., 1937. The fauna of certain estuaries in West England and South Wales, with special reference to the Tanaidacea, Isopoda and Amphipoda. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., Vol. XXI, pp. 647–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Della Valle, A., 1893. Gammarini del Golfo di Napoli. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte, Monographie XX. Berlin.Google Scholar
Goodhart, C. B., 1941. The ecology of the Amphipoda in a small estuary in Hampshire. Journ. Anim. Ecol., Vol. X, pp. 306–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Höfken, U., 1937. Statistische und experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Variabilität von Gammarus locusta (L.). Kieler Meeresforsch., Bd. II, pp. 116–48.Google Scholar
Howes, N. E., 1939. The ecology of a saline lagoon in south-east Essex. Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., Vol. XL, pp. 383–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milne, A., 1940. The ecology of the Tamar Estuary. IV. The distribution of the fauna and flora on buoys. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., Vol. XXIV, pp. 69–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Percival, E., 1929. A report on the fauna of the estuaries of the River Tamar and the River Lynher. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., Vol. XVI, pp. 81–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poulsen, E. M., 1932. On a collection of Gammarus from the waters south of Sealand. Vidensk. Medd. Naturh. Foren. Kjøb., Bd. 94, pp. 1–12.Google Scholar
Reid, D. M., 1940. Three species of Amphipoda (Crustacea) new to Britain. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. xi, Vol. VI, pp. 335–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sars, G. O., 1895. An Account of the Crustacea of Norway. I. Amphipoda. Oslo.Google Scholar
Segerstråle, S. G., 1947. New observations on the distribution and morphology of the amphipod, Gammarus zaddachi Sexton, with notes on related species. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., Vol. XXVII, pp. 219–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serventy, D. L., 1935. Observations on Gammarus zaddachi Sexton, an estuarine amphipod, and associated forms. Internat. Rev., Bd. XXXII, pp. 285–94.Google Scholar
Sexton, E. W., 1912. Some brackish-water Amphipoda from the mouths of the Weser and the Elbe, and from the Baltic. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1912, pp. 656–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sexton, E. W., 1913. On a collection of Gammarus from the Königsberg Museum. Schr. der Phys.-ökon. Ges. z. Königsberg i. Pr., Bd. LIV, pp. 90–4.Google Scholar
Sexton, E. W., 1942. The relation of Gammarus zaddachi Sexton to some other species of Gammarus occurring in fresh, estuarine and marine waters. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., Vol. XXV, pp.575–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sexton, E. W. & Spooner, G. M., 1940. An account of Marinogammarus (Schellenberg) gen.nov. [Amphipoda] with a description of a new species M. pirloti. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., Vol. XXIV, pp. 633–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spooner, G. M. & Moore, H. B., 1940. The ecology of the Tamar Estuary. VI. An account of the macrofauna of the intertidal muds. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., Vol. XXIV, pp. 283–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stebbing, T. R. R., 1906. Amphipoda. I. Gammaridea. Das Tierreich, Lief, XXI, 806 pp. Berlin.Google Scholar
Stephensen, K., 1940. The Amphipoda of N. Norway and Spitzbergen with adjacent waters. III. Tromsö Mus. Skr., Vol. III, pp. 279–362.Google Scholar
Tansley, A. G., 1939. The British Islands and their Vegetation. 970 pp. Cambridge.Google Scholar