Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T19:56:08.120Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Apparatus for the Photo-Electric Measurement of Submarine Illumination assembled for the U.S.A. Research Ship Atlantis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

D. C. Gall  and
W. R. G. Atkins
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Shelford and Gail (1922) first used photo-electric cells for submarine photometry in the Puget Sound. Poole (1925) produced an apparatus which was suitable for use on small ships in the open sea. This apparatus was used near Plymouth by Poole and Atkins (1926, 1928, 1929) with various minor alterations in design which rendered it more reliable and less subject to errors due to electrical leakage. The object of these researches was to study illumination in relation to photosynthesis, but Russell perceived their bearing on his own work on the phototropic movements of the zooplankton. When considering the research programme of the Atlantis, Dr. George L. Clarke decided that it would be of value to carry out photo-electric measurements of submarine illuminations in connection with his work on vertical distribution of the plankton. A request was accordingly made by Dr. H. B. Bigelow, Director of the Wood's Hole Oceanographic Institute, that such an apparatus should be assembled under our direction. The apparatus here described has been constructed closely upon the lines of H. H. Poole's original apparatus as modified in 1928. Special attention, however, has been given to the elimination of electrical leakage. Furthermore, J. H. J. Poole (1928) devised an apparatus in which rate of flash of a neon lamp was used to measure light. This rate of flash method is one of integration and not an instantaneous measurement as is that of H. H. Poole. The value of the neon lamp method lies in the fact that light under the water is extremely variable near the surface owing to the motion of the waves. This method of measuring under-water illumination was used in Lough Bray, Co. Dublin, by J. H. J. and H. H. Poole (1930), and has since been used at sea by Poole and Atkins (1931). It seemed advisable to include a neon lamp photometer in the outfit so that errors in determining the loss of light on entering the water might be minimised.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 17 , Issue 3 , October 1931 , pp. 1017 - 1028
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1931

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Atkins, W. R. G. 1931. Some experiments on the accuracy obtainable with gas-filled photo-electric cells. Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc., 20, 67–73.Google Scholar
Campbell, N. R., and Ritchie, D. 1929. Photo-electric cells. London.Google Scholar
Poole, H. H. 1925. On the photo-electric measurement of submarine illumination. Loc. cit., 18, 99–115.Google Scholar
Poole, H. H., and Atkins, W. R. G. 1926. On the penetration of light into sea-water. J. Marine Biol. Assoc., 14, 177–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poole, H. H., and Atkins, W. R. G. 1928. Further photo-electric measurements of the penetration of light into sea-water. Loc. cit., 15, 455–483.Google Scholar
Poole, H. H., and Atkins, W. R. G. 1929. Photo-electric measurements of submarine illumination throughout the year. Loc. cit., 16, 297–234.Google Scholar
Poole, H. H., and Atkins, W. R. G. 1931. A preliminary comparison of the neon lamp and potentiometer methods of submarine photoelectric photometry. Loc. cit., 17, 617–631.Google Scholar
Poole, J. H. J. 1928. A simple form of photo-electric photometer, using a neon lamp to measure the current. Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc., 19, 17–25.Google Scholar
Poole, J. H. J., and Poole, H. H. 1930. The neon discharge tube photometer. In Photo-electric Cells and their Applications. Physical and Optical Societies Joint Discussion. June 4 and 5, 1930, 142–149.Google Scholar
Russell, F. S. 1925–1931. The vertical distribution of marine macro-plankton, Pts. 1–10. J. Marine Biol. Assoc., 13–17.Google Scholar
Shelford, V., and Gail, F. W. 1922. A study of light penetration into sea-water made with the Kunz photo-electric cell, with particular reference to the distribution of plants. Publ. Puget Sound Biol. Sta., 3, 141–176Google Scholar