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The allometry of oysters: spatial and temporal variation in the length–biomass relationships for Crassostrea virginica

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2015

Eric N. Powell ,
Roger Mann ,
Kathryn A. Ashton-Alcox ,
Yungkul Kim  and
David Bushek
Eric N. Powell*
Affiliation:
Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Dr., Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA
Roger Mann
Affiliation:
Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
Kathryn A. Ashton-Alcox
Affiliation:
Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Rutgers University, 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349, USA
Yungkul Kim
Affiliation:
School of Science, Engineering & Mathematics, Bethune-Cookman University, 640 Dr Mary Mcleod Bethune Blvd, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
David Bushek
Affiliation:
Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Rutgers University, 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349, USA
*
Correspondence should be addressed to:E.N. Powell, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Dr., Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA. email: [email protected]
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Abstract

We examine the relationship of biomass B and length L in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica by focusing on the scaling exponent b in the allometric equation B = aLb using four datasets: Delaware Bay, Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay and a regionally extensive compilation from the NOAA Mussel Watch Program. The average value of the scaling exponent in Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay is about 2. For Galveston Bay, the value is distinctly higher, near 2.6. Over all Mussel Watch sites, the value is again near 2. Within Delaware Bay, the salinity gradient exerts an important effect. Shells are longer for their meat weight at lower salinities. The range of scaling exponents revealed by Mussel Watch data is exceedingly large (b < 1 to >3). Scaling exponents below 2.5 are unusual in bivalves. Among bivalves, only other oyster taxa have comparably low scaling exponents averaging near 2. We propose that oyster biomass routinely scales nearer the square of the length rather than the cube and that this is a constraint imposed by the exigency of carbonate production for reef maintenance and accretion in the face of high rates of taphonomic degradation. The adaptation as a reef builder requires the formation of carbonate that rapidly breaks down, thus requiring that carbonate produced be maximized. A biomass-to-length scaling exponent of 2 provides a mechanism to maximize shell production relative to biomass, while at the same time providing maximum surface area for the all-important settling of oyster spat to maintain the population.

Keywords

oysterallometryscaling exponentgeographic variationCrassostrea
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 96 , Issue 5 , August 2016 , pp. 1127 - 1144
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2015 

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