Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T13:20:37.188Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reproductive, genetic and ecological evidence that Actinia equina var. mesembryanthemum and var. fragacea are not conspecific

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

M. A. Carter  and
J. P. Thorpe
M. A. Carter
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Portsmouth Polytechnic, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth
J. P. Thorpe
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics and Department of Zoology, University College of Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The intertidal distributions of the two varieties of Actinia equina L. defined by Stephenson (1935), var mesembryanthemum and vai.fragacea, have been studied on several shores of the English Channel. The reproductive physiology and iso-enzyme genetics of sympatric populations of the two taxa have been investigated in greater detail on one shore. The genetic results show that the two taxa are reproductively isolated and, overall, the evidence indicates that they are separate species.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 61 , Issue 1 , February 1981 , pp. 79 - 93
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Avise, J. C., 1974. Systematic value of electrophoretic data. Systematic Zoology, 23, 465–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avise, J. C., Smith, J. & Ayala, F. J., 1975. Adaptive differentiation with little genetic change between two native Californian minnows. Evolution, 29, 411–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayala, F. J., 1975. Genetic differentiation during the speciation process. Evolutionary Biology, 8, 1–78.Google Scholar
Ayala, F. J., Tracey, M. L., Hedgecock, D. & Richmond, R. C., 1974. Genetic differentiation during the speciation process in Drosophila. Evolution, 28, 576–592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bassindale, R., 1941. Studies on the biology of the Bristol Channel. IV. The invertebrate fauna of the southern shores of the Bristol Channel and Seven Estuary. Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists’ Society, 9, 143–201.Google Scholar
Black, R. & Johnson, M. S., 1979. Asexual viviparity and population genetics of Actinia tenebrosa. Marine Biology, 53, 27–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brace, R. C. & Pavey, J., 1978. Size-dependent dominance hierarchy in the anemone Actina equina. Nature, London, 273, 752–753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brace, R. C., Pavey, J. & Quicke, D. L. J., 1979. Intra-specific aggression in the colour morphs of the anemone Actinia equina: the ‘convention’ governing dominance ranking. Animal Behaviour, 27, 553–561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cain, A. J., 1974. Breeding system of a sessile animal. Nature, London, 247, 289–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, M. A. & Funnell, M., 1980. Reproduction and brooding in Actinia. In Developmental and Cellular Biology of Coelenterates (ed. P., Tardent and R., Tardent), pp. 17–22. Elsevier/ North-Holland Biomedical Press.Google Scholar
Carter, M. A. & Thorp, C. H., 1979. The reproduction of Actinia equina L. var. mesembryanthemum. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 59, 989–1001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chia, F.-S. & Rostron, M. A., 1970. Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Actinia equina [Cnidaria: Anthozoa]. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 50, 253–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cocks, W. P., 1850. Contributions to the fauna of Falmouth. Report of the Cornwall Polytechnic Society, 17, 94–95.Google Scholar
Crisp, D. J. & Southward, A. J., 1958. The distribution of intertidal organisms along the coasts of the English Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 37, 157–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalyell, J. G., 1848. Rare and Remarkable Animals of Scotland represented from Living Subjects: with Practical Observations on their Nature, vol. 2. 322 pp. London: Van Voorst.Google Scholar
Edmunds, M., Potts, G. W., Swinfen, R. C. & Waters, V. L., 1976. Defensive behaviour of sea anemones in response to predation by the opisthobranch molluse Aeolidia papillosa (L.). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 56, 65–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elmhurst, R. & Sharpe, J. S., 1920. On the colours of two sea anemones Actinia equina and Anemonia sulcata. Biochemical Journal, 14, 48–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, A., 1979. Biochemical Systematics and Evolution. London: Blackie.Google Scholar
Fildes, R. A. & Harris, H., 1966. Genetically determined variation of adenylate kinase in man. Nature, London, 209, 261–263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fischer-Piette, E., 1932. Répartition des principales espèces fixées sur les rochers battus des côtes et des Îles de la Manche, de Lannion à Fécamp. Annales de l'Institut océanographique, 12, 107–213.Google Scholar
Francis, L., 1973. Intra-specific aggression and its affect on the distribution of Anthopleura elegantissima and some related sea anemones. Biological Bulletin. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., 144, 73–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francis, L., 1979. Contrast between solitary and clonal life styles in the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima. American Zoologist, 19, 669–681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gashout, S. E. & Ormond, R. F. G., 1979. Evidence for parthenogenetic reproduction in the sea anemone Actinia equina. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 59, 975–987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gosse, P. H., 1860. A History of the British Sea Anemones and Corals. 362 pp. London: Van Voorst.Google Scholar
Harris, H. & Hopkinson, D. A., 1977. Handbook of Enzyme Electrophoresis in Human Genetics. Amsterdam: North-Holland.Google Scholar
Jones, W. C., Pickthall, V. J. & Nesbitt, S. P., 1977. A respiratory rhythm in sea anemones (Actinia and Metridium). Journal of Experimental Biology, 68, 187–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lacaze-Duthiers, H. De, 1872. Développement des Corralaires. I. Développement de l'Actinia mesembryanthemum ou A. equina des côtes de Bretagne. Archives de zoologie expérimentale et générate, 1, 289–396.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C., 1767. Systema Naturae, vol. 1. 12th Edition. Holmiae.Google Scholar
Manwell, C. & Baker, C. M. A., 1963. A sibling species of sea cucumber discovered by starch gel electrophoresis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 10, 39–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manwell, C., Baker, C. M. A., Ashton, P. A. & Corner, E. D. S., 1967. Biochemical differences between Calanus finmarchicus and C. heligolandicus. Esterases, malate and triose-phosphate dehydrogenases, aldolase, ‘peptidases’, and other enzymes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 47, 145–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milne-Edwards, H., 1857. Histoire Naturelle des Coralliaires ou Polypes Proprement Dits, vol. 1. Paris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nei, M., 1972. Genetic distance between natural populations. American Naturalist, 106, 283–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newell, R. C. & Northcroft, H. R., 1967. A re-interpretation of the effect of temperature on the metabolism of certain marine invertebrates. Journal of Zoology, 151, 277–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orr, J., 1980. An Investigation into the Method of Reproduction of the Beadlet Anemone Actinia equina var. mesembryanthemum using Horizontal Starch Gel Electrophoresis. Thesis, University of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man.Google Scholar
Ottaway, J. R. & Kirby, G. C., 1975. Genetic relationships between brooding and brooded Actinia tenebrosa. Nature, London, 255, 221–223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poulik, M. D., 1957. Starch gel electrophoresis in a discontinuous system of buffers Nature, London, 180, 1477–1479.Google Scholar
Rostron, M. A. & Rostron, J., 1978. Fecundity and reproductive ecology of a natural population of Actinia equina L. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 33, 251–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, H., 1971. Taxonomie, Verbreitung und Variabilitat von Actinia equina Linné 1766 (Actiniaria: Anthozoa). Zeitschrift für die Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, 9, 161–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, P. R. & Prasad, R., 1970. Starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes – a compilation of recipes. Biochemical Genetics, 4, 297–320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephenson, T. A., 1935. The British Sea Anemones, vol. 2. 426 pp. London: Ray Society.Google Scholar
Teissier, L. & Teissier, G., 1930. Actinia fragacea Gosse est-elle une simple variétée d'Actinia equina ? Travaux de la Station biologique de Roscoff, 8, 190–192.Google Scholar
Templeton, R., 1836. A catalogue of the species of rayed animals found in Ireland. Natural History Magazine, 9, 301–305.Google Scholar
Thorpe, J. P., 1979. Enzyme variation and taxonomy: the estimation of sampling errors in measurements of interspecific genetic similarity. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 11, 369–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorpe, J. P., Beardmore, J. A. & Ryland, J. S., 1978. Genetic evidence for cryptic speciation in the marine bryozoan Alcyonidium gelatinosum. Marine Biology, 49, 27–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorpe, J. P. & Ryland, J. S., 1979. Cryptic speciation detected by biochemical genetics in three ecologically important intertidal bryozoans. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 8, 395–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorpe, J. P., Ryland, J. S. & Beardmore, J. A., 1978. Genetic variation and biochemical systematics in the marine bryozoan Alcyonidium mytili. Marine Biology, 49, 343–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tugwell, G., 1856. A Manual of Sea-Anemones Commonly Found on the English Coast. 123 pp. London.Google Scholar
Ward, R. D., 1978. Subunit size of enzymes and genetic heterozygosity in vertebrates. Biochemical Genetics, 16, 799–810.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ward, R. D. & Beardmore, J. A., 1977. Protein variation in the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Genetical Research, 30, 45–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed