Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-04T09:37:56.110Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Large-Volume Pump System for Studies of the Vertical Distribution of Fish Larvae Under Open Sea Conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

R. P. Harris ,
L. Fortier  and
R. K. Young
R. P. Harris
Affiliation:
The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB
L. Fortier
Affiliation:
The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB
R. K. Young
Affiliation:
The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

A large-volume pump system (2.8 m3 min-1) for sampling fish larvae under open-sea conditions is described. Comparative efficiency trials by day and night showed that the pump was generally as efficient, or in some cases more efficient, in capturing larvae than vertically hauled 200 μm WP2 nets, though there was some evidence of visual avoidance by particular larval size classes during daylight. The pump system is particularly appropriate for investigating fine-scale vertical aggregations (1–10 m3) of larval fish in relation to the distribution of their food organisms.

INTRODUCTION

Studies of the distribution of larval fish and their food organisms in relation to physical structure in the water column require sampling techniques capable of resolving fine-scale temporal and spatial distributions. As an alternative to conventional nets, large-volume pumps, sampling at rates in excess of 1 m3 min-1; provide such a capability. Major benefits of using large pumps in addition to temporal and spatial resolution are that a wide range of sizes of plankton including larval fish can be sampled simultaneously in relation to physical and chemical properties of the water column; there is reliable control of the volume of sample filtered and problems of clogging of towed nets are avoided; long series of sequential samples can be taken in studies of small-scale distribution; and instrumentation with in situ CTD and fluorometers at the intake enables real-time control of sampling in relation to physical structure.

General engineering considerations for using such pumps have been reviewed in detail by Miller & Judkins (1981), and a particular area of application has been in power-plant entrainment studies in shallow fresh water (Portner & Rhode, 1977; Bowles & Merriner, 1978; Gale & Mohr, 1978; Ney & Schumacher, 1978; Elder et al. 1979; Leithiser, Ehrlich & Thum, 1979; Cada & Loar, 1982).

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 66 , Issue 4 , November 1986 , pp. 845 - 854
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aron, W., 1958. The use of a large capacity portable pump for plankton sampling, with notes on plankton patchiness. Journal of Marine Research, 16, 158–173.Google Scholar
Bowles, R. R. & Merriner, J. V., 1978. Evaluation of ichthyoplankton sampling gear used in power plant entrainment studies. In Fourth National Workshop on Entrainment and Impingement (ed. Jensen, L. D.), pp. 33–44. Melville, New York: Ecological Analysts Communication.Google Scholar
Cada, G. F. & Loar, J. M., 1982. Relative effectiveness of two ichthyoplankton sampling techniques. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39, 811–814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colton, J. B., Green, J. R., Byron, R. R. & Frisella, J. J., 1980. Bongo net retention rates as affected by towing speed and mesh size. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37, 606–623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elder, J. A., Icanberry, J. W., Smith, D. J., Henriet, D. G & Steitz, C. E., 1979. Assessment of a large-capacity fish pump for sampling ichthyoplankton for power-plant entrainment studies. Report. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations, 20, 143–144.Google Scholar
Fridgeirsson, E., 1984. Cod larvae sampling with large pump at SW-Iceland. In The Propagation of Cod (Gadus morhua L.) (ed. Dahl, E.et al.), pp. 317–333. Arendal, Norway: Institute of Marine Research. [Flodevigen Rapportser, vol. 1.]Google Scholar
Gale, W. F. & Mohr, H. W. Jr, 1978. Larval fish drift in a large river with a comparison of sampling methods. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 107, 46–55.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, D. E., 1981. Effects of capture and fixation on gut contents and body size of Pacific herring larvae. Rapport et proces-verbaux des reunions. Conseil permanent international pour Vexploration de la mer, 178, 395–100.Google Scholar
Holligan, P. M., Harris, R. P., Newell, R. C, Harbour, D. S., Head, R. N., Linley, E. A. S., Lucas, M. I., Tranter, P. R. G. & Weekley, C. M., 1984. Vertical distribution and. partitioning of organic carbon in mixed, frontal and stratified waters of the English Channel. Marine Ecology - Progress Series, 14, 111–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, L. R., Smith, B. A., Kellogg, R. L. & Perry, E. S., 1981. Comparison of ichthyoplankton collected with a pump and stationary plankton net in a power plant discharge canal. In Issues Associated with Impact Assessment. Proceedings of the Fifth National Workshop on Entrainment and Impingement (ed. Jensen, L. D.), pp. 267–275. Melville, New York: Ecological Analysts Communication.Google Scholar
Leithiser, R. M., Ehrlich, K. F. & Thum, A. B., 1979. Comparison of a high volume pump and conventional plankton nets for collecting fish larvae entrained in power plant cooling systems. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 36, 81–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, C. B. & Judkins, D. C, 1981. Design of pumping systems for sampling zooplankton, with descriptions of two high-capacity samplers for coastal studies. Biological Oceanography, 1, 29–56.Google Scholar
Mullin, M. M. & Brooks, E. R., 1976. Some consequences of distributional heterogeneity of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Limnology and Oceanograpy, 21, 784–796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ney, J. J & Schumacher, P. D., 1978. Assessment of damage to fish larvae by entrainment sampling with submersible pumps. Environmental Science and Technology, 12, 715–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pillar, S. C, 1984. A comparison of the performance of four zooplankton samplers. South African Journal of Marine Science, 2, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portner, E. M. & Rhode, C. A., 1977. Tests of a High Volume Pump for Ichthyoplankton in the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Laurel, Maryland: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University. [Report JHU PPSE-T-3.]Google Scholar
Solemdal, P. & Ellertsen, B., 1984. Sampling fish larvae with large pumps; quantitative and qualitative comparisons with traditional gear. In The Propagation of Cod (Gadus morhua L.) (ed. Dahl, E.et al.), pp. 335—363. Arendal, Norway: Institute of Marine Research. (Fledevigen Rapportser, vol. 1.]Google Scholar
Taggart, C. T. & Leggett, W. C, 1984. Efficiency of large-volume plankton pumps, and evaluation of a design suitable for deployment from small boats. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 41, 1428–1435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Unesco, 1968, Zooplankton sampling. Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology, 2, 174 pp.Google Scholar
Wiborg, K. F., 1948. Experiments with the Clarke-Bumpus plankton sampler and with a plankton pump in the Lofoten area in northern Norway. Fiskeridirektoratets skrifter, 9, 22 pp.Google Scholar
Zeitoun, I. H., Gulvas, J. A. & Roarabaugh, D. B., 1981. Effectiveness of fine mesh cylindrical wedge-wire screens in reducing entrainment of Lake Michigan ichthyoplankton. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38, 120–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar