Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-19T09:14:44.953Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of vehicle traffic and trampling on the macrobenthic community of Amazonian macrotidal sandy beaches

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2022

T. M. T. Santos Open the ORCID record for T. M. T. Santos [Opens in a new window] ,
M. Petracco  and
V. Venekey
T. M. T. Santos*
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Grupo de Estudos de Nematoda Aquáticos (GENAQ), Belem, Brazil Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará. Av. Augusto Corrêa s/n, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
M. Petracco
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará. Av. Augusto Corrêa s/n, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil Laboratory of Biological Oceanography, Geosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará. Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
V. Venekey
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Grupo de Estudos de Nematoda Aquáticos (GENAQ), Belem, Brazil Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará. Av. Augusto Corrêa s/n, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: T. M. T. Santos, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We report for the first time the effects of vehicle traffic and beachgoer trampling on macrobenthic communities of Amazonian sandy beaches. Sampling was performed during four consecutive months with different beach use intensity in 2017 (before, during vacation, and two months after the vacation period) on three contrasting beaches with regard to disturbance (Urban: Atalaia; Intermediate: Farol-Velho; and Protected: Corvinas) in the intertidal zone along two equidistant transects at seven equidistant sampling stations from the high-tide water mark to the swash zone. At each sampling station, four biological and sediment samples were randomly collected. Also, in each station, the sediment compaction was determined using a manual penetrometer. Physical sediment variables remained constant over time in all beaches, whereas differences were found in sediment compaction over the months. Macrobenthic community differences in density and richness among months were observed at Atalaia and Farol-Velho beaches. In contrast, Corvinas beach remained constant throughout the study period. Furthermore, the vulnerability of the polychaetes Thoracophellia papillata, Scolelepis squamata and Paraonis sp. indicates that they might be potential indicators of recreational activity impact.

Keywords

Amazon coastenvironmental impactsmacrofaunasandy shorestourism
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 102 , Issue 3-4 , June 2022 , pp. 285 - 307
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Afghan, A, Cerrano, C, Luzi, G, Calcinai, B, Puce, S, Pulido Mantas, T, Roveta, C and Di Camillo, CG (2020) Main anthropogenic impacts on benthic macrofauna of sandy beaches: a review. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, 405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amaral, AC, Morgado, EH and Salvador, LB (1998) Poliquetas bioindicadores de poluição orgânica em praias paulistas. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 58, 307–316.Google Scholar
Anders, FJ and Leatherman, SP (1987) Disturbance of beach sediment by off-road vehicles. Environmental Geology and Water Sciences 9, 183–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barros, F (2001) Ghost crabs as a tool for rapid assessment of human impacts on exposed sandy beaches. Biological Conservation 97, 399–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beasley, CR, Fernandes, MEB, Figueira, EAG, Sampaio, DS, Melo, KR and Barros, RS (2010) Mangrove infauna and sessile epifauna. In Saint-Paul, U and Schineider, H (eds), Mangrove Dynamics and Management in North Brazil. Berlin: Springer, pp. 109–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, BK (2005) Geopolítica da Amazônia. Estudos Avançados 19, 71–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bessa, F, Scapini, F, Cabrini, TMB and Cardoso, RS (2017) Behavioural responses of talitrid amphipods to recreational pressures on oceanic tropical beaches with contrasting extension. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 486, 170–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bom, FC and Colling, LA (2020) Impact of vehicles on benthic macrofauna on a subtropical sand beach. Marine Ecology 41(1), e12595. https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braga, CF, Monteiro, VF, Rosa-Filho, JS and Beasley, CR (2011) Benthic macroinfaunal assemblages associated with Amazonian saltmarshes. Wetland Ecology and Management 19, 257–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braga, CF, Silva, RF, Rosa-Filho, JS and Beasley, CR (2013) Spatio-temporal changes in macroinfaunal assemblages of tropical saltmarshes, northern Brazil. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences 8, 282–298.Google Scholar
Bravo, G, Márquez, F, Marzinelli, EM, Mendez, MM and Bigatti, G (2015) Effects of recreational diving on Patagonian rocky reefs. Marine Environmental Research 104, 31–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brosnan, DM and Crumrine, LL (1994) Effects of human trampling on marine rocky shore communities. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 177, 79–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, PJ and Taylor, RB (1999) Effects of trampling by humans on animals inhabiting coralline algal turf in the rocky intertidal. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 235, 45–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, AC and Trueman, ER (1991) Burrowing of sandy-beach molluscs in relation to penetrability of the substratum. Journal of Molluscan Studies 57, 134–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, JB (1984) Sediment analysis. In Holme, NA and McIntyre, AD (eds), Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 41–65.Google Scholar
Che, J and Dorgan, KM (2010) It's tough to be small: dependence of burrowing kinematics on body size. Journal of Experimental Biology 213, 1241–1250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cisneros, KO, Smit, AJ, Laudien, J and Schoeman, DS (2011) Complex, dynamic combination of physical, chemical and nutritional variables controls spatiotemporal variation of sandy beach community structure. PLoS ONE 6, e23724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, KR and Gorley, RN (2006) Primer V6: User Manual/Tutorial. Plymouth: Primer-E.Google Scholar
Costa, LL, Madureira, JF and Zalmon, IR (2018) Changes in the behaviour of Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787) after experimental trampling. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99(5), 1135–1140. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315418001030CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, LL, Secco, H, Arueira, VF and Zalmon, IR (2020 a) Mortality of the Atlantic ghost crab Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787) due to vehicle traffic on sandy beaches: a road ecology approach. Journal of Environmental Management 260, 110168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, LL, Zalmon, IR, Fanini, L and Defeo, O (2020 b) Macroinvertebrates as indicators of human disturbances on sandy beaches: a global review. Ecological Indicators 118, 106764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davenport, J and Davenport, JL (2006) The impact of tourism and personal leisure transport on coastal environments: a review. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 67, 280–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, WE (1974) Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: comparison with other methods. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 44, 242–248.Google Scholar
Defeo, O, McLachlan, A, Schoeman, DS, Schlacher, TA, Dugan, J, Jones, A, Lastra, M and Scapini, F (2009) Threats to sandy beach ecosystems: a review. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 81, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorgan, KM (2015) The biomechanics of burrowing and boring. Journal of Experimental Biology 218, 176–183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dugan, J (1999) Utilization of sandy beaches by shorebirds: relationships to population characteristics of macrofauna prey species and beach morphodynamics. Draft Final Technical Report. In Outer Continental Shelf Study. Caramillo, CA: Minerals Management Service.Google Scholar
Fanini, L, Zampicinini, G and Pafilis, E (2014) Beach parties: a case study on recreational human use of the beach and its effects on mobile arthropod fauna. Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 26, 69–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feres, SJC, Santos, LA and Tagori-Martins, RMC (2008) Família Nereidae (Polychaeta) como bioindicadora de poluição orgânica em praias de São Luís, Maranhão Brasil. Boletim do Laboratório de Hidrobiologia 21, 95–98.Google Scholar
Ferreira, MN and Rosso, S (2009) Effects of human trampling on a rocky shore fauna on the Sao Paulo Coast, Southeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, 993–999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folk, RL and Ward, WC (1957) Brazos River bar: a study of significant of grain size parameters. Journal of Sedimentary and Petrology 27, 3–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glasby, TM and Underwood, AJ (1996) Sampling to differentiate between pulse and press perturbations. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 42, 241–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hardiman, N and Burgin, S (2010) Recreational impacts on the fauna of Australian coastal marine ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Management 91, 2096–2108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hsu, C-B, Chen, C-P and Hsieh, H-L (2009) Effects of sediment compaction on macroinfauna in a protected coastal wetland in Taiwan. Marine Ecology Progressive Series 375, 73–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IBGE, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2020) Available at http://www.ibge.gov.br.Google Scholar
INMET, Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (2009) Monitoramento das estaçoes automaticas. Available at http://www.inmet.gov.br/sonabra/maps/automaticas.php.Google Scholar
Klein, AHF and Short, AD (2016) Brazilian beach systems: introduction. In Short, AD and Klein, AHF (eds), Brazilian Beach Systems. Springer Coastal Research Library, p 74. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30394-9.Google Scholar
Lercari, D, Bergamino, L and Defeo, O (2010) Trophic models in sandy beaches with contrasting morphodynamics: comparing ecosystem structure and biomass flow. Ecological Modelling 221, 2751–2759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucrezi, S, Schlacher, TA and Robinson, W (2009) Human disturbance as a cause of bias in ecological indicators for sandy beaches: experimental evidence for the effects of human trampling on ghost crabs (Ocypode spp.). Ecological Indicators 9, 913–921.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacCord, FS and Amaral, ACZ (2005) Morphometric analyses of two species of Scolelepis (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, 829–834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Machado, PM, Suciu, MC, Costa, LL, Tavares, DC and Zalmon, IR (2017) Tourism impacts on benthic communities of sandy beaches. Marine Ecology 38, 12440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maguire, GS, Miller, KK, Weston, MA and Young, K (2011) Being beside the seaside: beach use and preferences among coastal residents of south-eastern Australia. Ocean and Coastal Management 54, 781–788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martinelli Filho, JE and Monteiro, RCP (2019) Widespread microplastics distribution at an Amazon macrotidal sandy beach. Marine Pollution Bulletin 145, 219–223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martorano, LG, Pereira, LC, Cezar, EGM and Pereira, ICB (1993) Estudos climatológicos do Estado do Pará, classificação climática (Köppen) e deficiência hídrica (Thornthwhite, Mather). Belém: SUDAM/EMBRAPA, SNLCS.Google Scholar
McLachlan, A and Defeo, O (2017 a) The Ecology of Sandy Shores. London: Elsevier Academic Press.Google Scholar
McLachlan, A and Defeo, O (2017 b) Human impacts. In McLachlan, A and Defeo, O (eds), The Ecology of Sandy Shores. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press, pp. 374–419.Google Scholar
Mendez, MM, Livore, JP, Calcagno, JA and Bigatti, G (2017) Effects of recreational activities on Patagonian rocky shores. Marine Environmental Research 130, 213–220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monteiro, MC, Pereira, LCC and Oliveira, SO (2009) Morphodynamic changes of a macrotidal sand beach in the Brazilian Amazon coast (Ajuruteua-Pará). Journal of Coastal Research 56, 103–107.Google Scholar
Morais, GC and Lee, JT (2013) Intertidal benthic macrofauna of rare rocky fragments in the Amazon region. Revista de Biologia Tropical 62, 69–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morais, LMS, Sarti, F, Chelazzi, D, Cincinelli, A, Giarrizzo, T and Martinelli Filho, JE (2020) The sea anemone Bunodosoma cangicum as a potential biomonitor for microplastics contamination on the Brazilian Amazon coast. Environmental Pollution 448, 137692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114817.Google Scholar
Neves, FM and Bemvenuti, CE (2006) The ghost crab Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787) as a potential indicator of anthropic impact along the Rio Grande do Sul coast, Brazil. Biological Conservation 133, 431–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paula, JHC, Rosa Filho, JS, Souza, ALB and Aviz, D (2007) A meiofauna como indicadora de impactos da carcinicultura no estuário de Curuçá (PA). Boletim do Laboratório de Hidrobiologia 19, 61–72.Google Scholar
Pereira, LCC, Oliveira, SMO, Costa, RM, Costa, KG and Vila-Concejo, A (2013) What happens on an equatorial beach on the Amazon coastal when La Niña occurs during the rainy season? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Sciences 135, 116–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pereira, LCC, Ribeiro, CMM, Monteiro, MC and Asp, N (2009) Morphological and sedimentological changes in a macrotidal sand beach in the Amazon littoral (Vila dos Pescadores, Pará, Brazil). Journal of Coastal Research 56, 113–117.Google Scholar
Pereira, LCC, Sousa-Felix, RC, Costa, RM and Jimenez, JA (2018) Challenges of the recreational use of Amazon beaches. Ocean and Coastal Management 165, 52–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pereira, LCC, Sousa-Felix, RC, Dias, ABB, Pessoa, RMC and Silva, BRP (2021) Beachgoer perceptions on health regulations of COVID-19 in two popular beaches on the Brazilian Amazon. Ocean and Coastal Management 206, 105576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105576CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pereira, LCC, Trindade, WN, Silva, IR, Vila-Concejo, A and Short, AS (2016 b) Maranhão beach systems, including the human impact on São Luís beaches. In Short, AD and Klein, AHF (eds), Brazilian Beach Systems. Suíça: Springer, pp. 125–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pereira, LCC, Vila-Concejo, A and Short, AD (2016 a) Coastal morphodynamic processes on the macro-tidal beaches of Pará state under tidally-modulated wave conditions. In Short, AD and Klein, AHF (eds), Brazilian Beach Systems. Suíça: Springer, pp. 95–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinto, AJA, Costa, VB, Pinheiro, SCC, Lima, MO, Aviz, D and Lima, AMM (2020) Benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of environmental quality of Pará river estuary, a wetland of Eastern Amazon. Brazilian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1, 1–20.Google Scholar
Priskin, J (2003) Physical impacts of four-wheel drive related tourism and recreation in a semi-arid, natural environment. Ocean and Coastal Management 46, 127–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ranieiri, LA and El-Robrini, M (2015) Evolução da linha de costa de Salinópolis, Nordeste do Pará, Brasil. Pesquisa em Geociências 42, 207–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ranieiri, LA and El-Robrini, M (2016) Condição Oceanográfica, Uso e Ocupação da Costa de Salinópolis (Setor Corvina – Atalaia), Nordeste do Pará, Brasil. Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management 16, 133–146.Google Scholar
Reyes-Martínez, MJ, Lercari, D, Ruíz-Delgado, MC, Sanchez-Moyano, JE, Jimenez-Rodríguez, AJ, Perez-Hurtado, A and García-García, FJ (2014) Human pressure on sandy beaches: implications for trophic functioning. Estuaries and Coasts 38, 1782–1796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reyes-Martínez, MJ, Ruíz-Delgado, MC, Sánchez-Moyano, JE and García-García, FJ (2015) Response of intertidal sandy-beach macrofauna to human trampling: an urban vs natural beach system approach. Marine Environmental Research 103, 36–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ribeiro-Brasil, DRG, Castro, IB, Petracco, M, Batista, RM, Brasil, LS, Ferreira, JA, Borba, TAC, Rollnic, M, Fillmann, G and Amado, LL (2021) Spatial distribution of butyltins and imposex in eastern Brazilian Amazon. Marine Pollution Bulletin 165, 112155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodgers, KS and Cox, EF (2003) The effects of trampling on Hawaiian corals along a gradient of human use. Biological Conservation 112, 383–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosa Filho, JS, Almeida, MF and Aviz, DE (2009) Spatial and temporal changes in the benthic fauna of a macrotidal Amazon sandy beach, Ajuruteua, Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research 56, 1796–1780.Google Scholar
Rosa Filho, JS, Busman, DV, Viana, AP, Gregório, AM and Oliveira, DM (2006) Macrofauna bentônica de zonas entre-marés não vegetadas do estuário do rio Caeté (Bragança-PA). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi 2, 109–121.Google Scholar
Rosa Filho, JS, Gomes, TP, Almeida, MF and Silva, RF (2011) Benthic fauna of macrotidal sandy beaches along a small-scale morphodynamic gradient on the Amazon coast (Algodoal Island, Brazil). Journal of Coastal Research 64, 435–439.Google Scholar
Rossi, F, Forster, RM, Montserrat, F, Ponti, M, Terlizzi, A, Ysebaert, T and Middelburg, JJ (2007) Human trampling as short-term disturbance on intertidal mudflats: effects on macrofauna biodiversity and population dynamics of bivalves. Marine Biology 151, 2077–2090.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santos, TMT, Almeida, MF, Aviz, D and Rosa Filho, JS (2021 b) Patterns of spatial and temporal distribution of the macrobenthic fauna on an estuarine macrotidal sandy beach on the Amazon coast (Brazil). Marine Ecology 00, e12675.Google Scholar
Santos, TMT, Almeida, MF, Aviz, D and Rosa Filho, JS (2021) Patterns of spatial and temporal distribution of the macrobenthic fauna on an estuarine macrotidal sandy beach on the Amazon coast (Brazil). Marine Ecology 42(5). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maec.v42.5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, TMT and Aviz, D (2018) Macrobenthic fauna associated with Diopatra cuprea (Onuphidae: Polychaeta) tubes on a macrotidal sandy beach of the Brazilian Amazon Coast. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, 751–759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, TMT and Aviz, D (2020) Effects of a fish weir on the structure of the macrobenthic community of a tropical sandy beach on the Amazon coast. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100(2), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315419001231CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, TMT and Aviz, D (2021) Macrobenthic community of an estuarine tidal flat on the Amazon coast: spatial variations and presence of polychaetes tubes. Papéis Avulsos em Zoologia 61, e2026149.Google Scholar
Santos, TMT, Petracco, M and Venekey, V (2021 a) Recreational activities trigger changes in meiofauna and free-living nematodes on Amazonian macrotidal sandy beaches. Marine Environmental Research 167, 105289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santos, TMT, Rabelo, DML, Beasley, CR and Braga, CF (2020) Vertical distribution of macrobenthic community of tropical saltmarshes on the Amazon coast. Regional Studies in Marine Sciences 40, 101536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlacher, TA, Lucrezi, S, Connolly, RM, Peterson, CH, Gilby, BL, Maslo, B, Olds, AD, Walker, SJ, Leon, JX, Huijbers, CM, Weston, MA, Turra, A, Hyndes, GA, Holt, RA and Schoeman, DS (2016) Human threats to sandy beaches: a meta-analysis of ghost crabs illustrates global anthropogenic impacts. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Sciences 169, 56–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlacher, TA, Richardson, D and McLean, I (2008 a) Impacts of off-road vehicles (ORVs) on macrobenthic assemblages on sandy beaches. Journal of Environmental and Management 41, 878–892.Google ScholarPubMed
Schlacher, TA, Schoeman, DS, Dugan, J, Lastra, M, Jones, A, Scapini, F and Mclachlan, A (2008 c) Sandy beach ecosystems: key features, management challenges, climate change impacts, and sampling issues. Marine Ecology 29, 70–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlacher, TA, Schoeman, DS, Jones, AR, Dugan, JE, Hubbard, DM, Defeo, O, Peterson, CH, Weston, MA, Maslo, B, Olds, AD, Scapini, F, Nel, R, Harris, LR, Lucrezi, S, Lastra, M, Huijbers, CH and Connolly, RM. (2014) Metrics to assess ecological condition, change, and impacts in sandy beach ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Management 144, 322–335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schlacher, TA and Thompson, LMC (2007) Exposure of fauna to off-road vehicle (ORV) traffic on sandy beaches. Coastal Management 35, 567–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlacher, TA and Thompson, LMC (2008) Physical impacts caused by off-road vehicles to sandy beaches: spatial quantification of car tracks on an Australian barrier island. Journal of Coastal Research 2, 234–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlacher, TA and Thompson, LMC (2012) Beach recreation impacts benthic invertebrates on ocean-exposed sandy shores. Biological Conservation 147, 123–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlacher, TA, Thompson, LMC and Price, S (2007) Vehicles vs conservation of invertebrates on sandy beaches: quantifying direct mortalities inflicted by off-road vehicles (ORVs) on ghost crabs. Marine Ecology 28, 354–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlacher, TA, Thompson, L and Walker, S (2008 b) Mortalities caused by off-road vehicles (ORVs) to a key member of sandy beach assemblages, the surf clam Donax deltoides. Hydrobiologia 610, 345–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, RM, Mehlig, U, dos Santos, JUM and Menezes, MPM (2010) The coastal Restinga vegetation of Pará, Brazilian Amazon: a synthesis. Brazilian Journal of Botany 33, 563–573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, NIS, Pereira, LCC, Vila-Concejo, A, Gorayeb, A, Sousa, RC, Asp, NE and Costa, RM (2011) Natural and social conditions of Princesa, a macrotidal sandy beach on the Amazon Coast of Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research 64, 1979–1983.Google Scholar
Sousa-Felix, RC, Pereira, LCC, Trindade, WN, Souza, IP, Costa, RM and Jimenez, JA (2017) Application of the DPSIR framework to the evaluation of the recreational and environmental conditions on estuarine beaches of the Amazon coast. Ocean and Coastal Management 149, 96–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sousa, RC, Pereira, LCC, Silva, NIS, Oliveira, SMO, Pinto, KST and Costa, RM (2011) Recreational carrying capacity of three Amazon macrotidal beaches during the peak vacation season. Journal of Coastal Research 64, 1292–1296.Google Scholar
Souza-Filho, PWM, Paradella, WR and Silveira, OFM (2005) Coastal observing system and the role of the remote sensors in the Northern Brazilian coast monitoring. Amazon. Revista Brasileira de Cartografia 57, 79–86.Google Scholar
Suguio, K (1973) Introdução à sedimentologia. São Paulo: EDUSP.Google Scholar
Szlafstein, CF (2012) Development projects for small rural communities in the Brazilian Amazon region as potential strategies and practices of climate change adaptation. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 19, 143–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, LMC and Schlacher, TA (2008) Physical damage to coastal foredunes and ecological impacts caused by vehicle tracks associated with beach camping on sandy shores: a case study from Fraser Island, Australia. Journal of Coastal Conservation 12, 67–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ugolini, A, Ungherese, G, Somigli, S, Galanti, G, Baroni, D, Borghini, F, Cipriani, N, Nebbiai, M, Passaponti, M and Focardi, S (2008) The amphipod Talitrus saltator as a bioindicator of human trampling on sandy beaches. Marine Environmental Research 65, 349–357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van der Merwe, D and van der Merwe, D (1991) Effects of off-road vehicles on the macrofauna of a sandy beach. South African Journal of Science 87, 210–213.Google Scholar
Veloso, VG, Neves, G and Almeida Capper, L (2011) Sensitivity of a cirolanid isopod to human pressure. Ecological Indicators 11, 782–788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veloso, VG, Neves, G, Lozano, M, Perez-Hurtado, A, Gago, CG, Hortas, F and Garcia, F (2008) Responses of talitrid amphipods to a gradient of recreational pressure caused by beach urbanization. Marine Ecology 29, 126–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veloso, VG, Sallorenzo, IA, Ferreira, BCA and Souza, GN (2009) Atlantorchestoidea brasiliensis (Crustacea: Amphipoda) as an indicator of disturbance caused by urbanization of a beach ecosystem. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 58, 13–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veloso, VG, Silva, ES, Caetano, CH and Cardoso, RS (2006) Comparison between the macroinfauna of urbanized and protected beaches in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Biological Conservation 127, 510–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vieira, JV, Borzone, CA, Lorenzi, L and Carvalho, FG (2012) Human impact on the benthic macrofauna of two beach environments with different morphodynamic characteristics in southern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 60(2), 135–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-87592012000200004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weslawski, JM, Stanek, A, Siewert, A and Beer, N (2000) The sandhopper (Talitrus saltator, Montagu 1808) on the Polish Baltic Coast. Is it a victim of increased tourism? Oceanological Studies 29, 77–87.Google Scholar
Wolcott, TG and Wolcott, DL (1984) Impact of off-road vehicles on macroinvertebrates of a Mid-Atlantic beach. Biological Conservation 29, 217–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, X, Zou, X, Zhong, C, Yu, W, Li, Y and Wang, T (2018) Assessing the response of sandy-beach macrobenthos to recreation and the ecological status of the beach ecosystem at Liandao, China. Marine Ecology 41(1), e12580. https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12580.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Santos et al. supplementary material

Santos et al. supplementary material

Download Santos et al. supplementary material(File)
File 36.6 KB