Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T17:47:35.908Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Assessing the temporal reliability of rhythm metrics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2011

Rachael-Anne Knight*
Affiliation:
Phonetics Laboratories, Department of Language and Communication Science, City University London [email protected]

Abstract

Despite the current popularity of rhythm metrics, there has been relatively little work aimed at establishing their validity or reliability, important characteristics of any empirical measure. The current paper focuses on the stability, or temporal reliability, of rhythm metrics by establishing if they give consistent results for the same speakers, in the same task, on successive occasions. Four speakers of Southern British English were recorded reading ‘The North Wind and the Sun’ (NWS) passage on three consecutive days. Results indicated that some measures correlate more highly across time than others, and the choice of a measure that is both reliable and valid is discussed. It is suggested that the metric that best fits these criteria is formulated in terms of the proportion of vowels within an utterance (%V).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International Phonetic Association 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, George & Hawkins, Sarah. 1980. Phonological rhythm: Definition and development. In Yeni-Komshian, Grace, Kavanagh, James & Ferguson, Charles (eds.), Child phonology, vol. 1: Production, 227256. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, Alan, Jurafsky, Daniel, Foster-Lussler, Eric, Girand, Cynthia, Gregory, Michelle & Gildea, Daniel. 2003. Effects of disfluencies, predictability, and utterance position on word form variation in English conversation. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America 113, 10011024.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bertoncini, Josiane, Bijeljac-Babic, Ranka, Jusczyk, Peter, Kennedy, Lori & Mehler, Jacques. 1988. Investigation of young infants’ perceptual representations of speech sounds. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 117 (1), 2133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carmines, Edward & Zeller, Richard. 1979. Research and validity assessment. London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Louis, Manion, Lawrence & Morrison, Keith. 2007. Research methods in education. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crohnbach, Lee & Meele, Paul. 1955. Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin 52, 281302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummins, Fred. 2002. Speech rhythm and rhythmic taxonomy. Prosody 2002, 121–126. Aix en Provence.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummins, Fred. 2003. Rhythmic grouping in word lists: competing roles of syllables, words and stress feet. 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS 15), 325328. Barcelona.Google Scholar
Cummins, Fred & Port, Robert. 1998. Rhythmic constraints on stress timing in English. Journal of Phonetics 26 (2), 145171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dauer, Rebecca. 1983. Stress-timing and syllable-timing re-analysed. Journal of Phonetics, 11, 5162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dellwo, Volker. 2004. Rhythm and speech rate: A variation coefficient for ΔC. 38th Linguistic Colloquium, 231241 Budapest.Google Scholar
Dellwo, Volker & Wagner, Petra. 2003. Relations between language rhythm and speech rate. 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS 15), 471474. Barcelona.Google Scholar
Deterding, David. 2006. The North Wind versus a Wolf: Short texts for the description and measurement of English pronunciation. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2) 187196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferragne, Emmanuel & Pellegrino, François. 2004. A comparative account of the suprasegmental and rhythmic features of British English dialects. Modelisations pour l'identification des langues. Paris. http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/fulltext/Ferragne/Ferragne_2004_midl.pdf (8 July 2011).Google Scholar
Grabe, Esther & Low, Ee Ling. 2002. Acoustic correlates of rhythm class. In Gussenhoven, Carlos & Warner, Natasha (eds.), Laboratory Phonology 7, 515546.Google Scholar
Hammersley, Martyn. 1987. Some notes on the terms ‘validity’ and ‘reliability’. British Educational Research Journal 13 (1), 7381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henrich, Jessica, Lowit, Anja, Schalling, Ellika & Mennen, Ineke. 2006. Rhythmic disturbance in ataxic dysarthria: A comparison of different measures and speech tasks. Journal of Medical Speech Language Pathology 14, 291296.Google Scholar
Hirst, Daniel. 2009. The rhythm of text and the rhythm of utterances: From metrics to models. Interspeech-2009, 15191522. Brighton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirk, Jerome & Miller, Marc. 1986. Reliability and validity in qualitative research. London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klatt, Dennis. 1976. Linguistic uses of segmental duration in English: Acoustic and perceptual evidence. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 59, 1208122l.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knight, Rachael-Anne & Cocks, Naomi. 2007. The rhythm of a person with right hemisphere damage: Applying the Pairwise Variability Index. Advances in Speech and Language Pathology 9 (3), 256264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ladefoged, Peter. 1999. American English. In International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Alphabet, 4144. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Laver, John. 1994. Principles of phonetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liss, Julie, White, Laurence, Mattys, Sven, Lansford, Kaitlin, Lotto, Andrew, Spitzer, Stephanie & Caviness, John. (2009). Quantifying speech rhythm abnormalities in the dysarthrias. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 52, 13341352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Low, Ee Ling, Grabe, Esther & Nolan, Francis. 2000. Quantitative characterisations of speech rhythm: ‘Syllable-timing’ in Singapore English. Language and Speech 43, 377401.Google Scholar
Peterson, Gordon & Lehiste, Ilse. 1960. Duration of syllable nuclei in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 32, 693703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prieto, Pilar, Vanrell, Maria del Mar, Astruc, Luisa, Payne, Elinor & Post, Brechtje. 2010. Speech rhythm as durational marking of prosodic heads and edges: Evidence from Catalan, English, and Spanish. Speech Prosody 2010, 100951, 14. Chicago, IL. http://speechprosody2010.illinois.edu/papers/100951.pdf (8 July 2011).Google Scholar
Ramus, Franck, Nespor, Marina & Mehler, Jacques. 1999. Correlates of linguistic rhythm in the speech signal. Cognition 73, 265292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roach, Peter. 1982. On the distinction between ‘stress-timed’ and ‘syllable-timed’ languages. In Crystal, David (ed.), Linguistic controversies, 7379. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Spencelayh, Brendan. 2001. Comparing rhythmic variation in four British dialects. Ms., University of York, UK. [BSc project]Google Scholar
Streiner, David & Norman, Geoffrey. 1995. Health measurement scales: A practical guide to their development and use. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications.Google Scholar
White, Laurence & Mattys, Sven. 2007a. Calibrating rhythm: First language and second language studies. Journal of Phonetics 35, 501522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, Laurence & Mattys, Sven. 2007b. Rhythmic typology and variation in first and second languages. In Pilar, Prieto, Mascaró, Joan & Solé, Maria-Josep (eds.), Segmental and prosodic issues in Romance phonology, 237257. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitworth, Nicole. 2002. Speech rhythm production in three German–English bilingual families. In Nelson, Diane (ed.), Leeds Working Papers in Linguistics 9, 175205.Google Scholar
Wiget, Lukas, White, Laurence, Schuppler, Barbara, Grenon, Izabelle, Rauch, Olesya & Mattys, Sven. 2010. How stable are acoustic metrics of contrastive speech rhythm? Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, 15591569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winter, Glyn. (2000). A comparative discussion of the notion of ‘validity’ in qualitative and quantitative research. The Qualitative Report [online serial] 4 (3/4). http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR4-3/winter.html (5 November 2010).Google Scholar