Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T04:46:56.722Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Working memory following improvements in articulation rate in children with cerebral palsy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2009

Desirée A. White ,
Suzanne Craft ,
Sandra Hale ,
Jeffrey Schatz  and
T.S. Park
Desirée A. White
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
Suzanne Craft
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
Sandra Hale
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
Jeffrey Schatz
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
T.S. Park
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

It has been postulated that rehearsal rate is the primary determinant of working memory capacity for verbal material (Baddeley et al., 1975). A previous study of normal control children and children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SDCP) suggested that covert rather than overt rehearsal rate determines working memory capacity (White et al., 1994). In the current study, a subset of SDCP children who received a surgical treatment to relieve spasticity were retested on measures of articulation rate and memory span. A subset of control children from the original study were also retested. The SDCP group showed improvements in articulation rate at follow-up, though memory span did not change and was again equivalent to that of controls. These findings indicate that increases in articulation rate are not necessarily accompanied by improvements in memory span, and provide additional evidence that working memory capacity may be determined by covert rather than overt articulatory rehearsal. (JINS, 1995, I, 49–55.)

Keywords

Working memoryCerebral palsyRhizotomyArticulatory loopPerinatal brain injury
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 1 , Issue 1 , January 1995 , pp. 49 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arens, L.J., Peacock, W.J., & Peter, J. (1989). Selective posterior rhizotomy: a long-term follow-up study. Child's Nervous System, 5, 148–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baddeley, A.D. (1966). Short term memory for word sequences as a function of acoustic, semantic and formal similarity. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 362–365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baddeley, A.D. & Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. In Bower, G.H. (Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation (pp. 47–89). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Baddeley, A.D., Thomson, N., & Buchanan, M. (1975). Word length and the structure of short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14, 575–589.Google Scholar
Baddeley, A. & Wilson, B. (1985). Phonological coding and short-term memory in patients without speech. Journal of Memory and Language, 24, 490–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berman, B., Vaughan, C.L., & Peacock, W.J. (1990). The effect of rhizotomy on movement in patients with cerebral palsy. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 44, 511–516.Google Scholar
Binder, H. & Eng, G.D. (1989). Rehabilitation management of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Archives of Physical Medical Rehabilitation, 70, 482–489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bishop, D.V.M. & Robson, J. (1989). Unimpaired short-term memory and rhyme judgment in congenitally speechless individuals: Implications for the notion of “articulatory coding.” The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 41 A, 123–140.Google Scholar
Blasco, A.P. (1989). Cerebral palsy: Clinical diagnosis and natural history. Neurosurgery: State of the Art Reviews, 4, 371–378.Google Scholar
Conrad, R. & Hull, A.J. (1964). Information, acoustic confusion and memory span. British Journal of Psychology, 55, 429–432.Google Scholar
Craft, S., Gourovitch, M., Dowton, S.B., Swanson, J.M., & Bonforte, S. (1992). Lateralized impairment in visual attention in males with developmental dopamine depletion. Neu-ropsychologia, 30, 341–354.Google Scholar
Craft, S., Park, T.S., White, D.A., & Schatz, J. (1994). Changes in cognitive performance in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy following selective dorsal rhizotomy. Manuscript submitted for publication.Google Scholar
Craft, S., White, D.A., Park, T.S., & Hegel, G. (1994). Visual attention in children with perinatal brain injury: Asymmetric effects of bilateral lesions. Journal of Cognitive Neuro-science, 6, 165–173.Google Scholar
Gilhooly, K.J.Logie, R.H. (1980). Age-of-acquisition, imagery, concreteness, familiarity, and ambiguity measures for 1,944 words. Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 12, 395–427.Google Scholar
Henry, L.A. (1991). Development of auditory memory span: The role of rehearsal. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9, 493–511.Google Scholar
Hitch, G.J. & Halliday, M.S. (1983). Working memory in children. Journal of the Royal Society of London B, 302, 325–340.Google Scholar
Hulme, C, Thomson, N., Muir, C., & Lawrence, A. (1984). Speech rate and the development of short-term memory span. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 38, 241–253.Google Scholar
Landau, W.M. & Hunt, C.C. (1990). Dorsal rhizotomy, a treatment of unproven efficacy. Journal of Child Neurology, 5, 174–178.Google Scholar
Lang, W., Starr, A., Lang, V., Lindinger, G., & Deecke, L. (1992). Cortical DC potential shifts accompanying auditory and visual short-term memory. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 82, 285–295.Google Scholar
Neilson, P.D. & O'Dwyer, N.J. (1981). Pathophysiology of dys-arthria in cerebral palsy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 44, 1013–1019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neilson, P.D. & O'Dwyer, N.J. (1984). Reproducibility and variability of speech muscle activity in athetoid dysarthria of cerebral palsy. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 27, 502–517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nicolson, R. (1981). The relationship between memory span and processing speed. In Friedman, M.P., Das, J.P., & O'Connor, N. (Eds.), Intelligence and Learning (pp. 179–183). New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Park, T.S., Phillips, L.H., & Tomer, J.C. (1989). Magnetic resonance imaging in selective dorsal rhizotomy for spastic cerebral palsy. Neurosurgery: State of the Art Reviews, 4, 485–495.Google Scholar
Paulesu, E., Frith, C. D., & Frackowiak, R.S.J. (1993). The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory. Nature, 362, 342–345.Google Scholar
Phillips, L.H. & Park, T.S. (1989). Electrophysiologic studies of selective posterior rhizotomy patients. In Park, T.S., Phillips, L.H., & Peacock, W.J. (Eds.), Management of Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy and Spinal Cord Injury, (pp. 417–430). Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus.Google Scholar
Raine, A., Hulme, C, Chadderton, H., & Bailey, P. (1991). Verbal short-term memory span in speech-disordered children: Implications for articulatory coding in short-term memory. Child Development, 62, 415–423.Google Scholar
Salame, P. & Baddeley, A. (1982). Disruption of short term memory by unattended speech: Implications for the structure of working memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21, 150–164.Google Scholar
Schweickert, R. & Boruff, B. (1986). Short-term memory capacity: Magic number or magic spell? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 419–425.Google Scholar
Standing, L. & Curtis, L. (1989). Subvocalization rate versus other predictors of the memory span. Psychological Reports, 65, 487–495.Google Scholar
Tehan, G. & Humphreys, M.S. (1988). Articulatory loop explanations of memory span and pronunciation rate correspondences: A cautionary note. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 26, 293–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallar, G. & Baddeley, A.D. (1984). Fractionation of working memory: Neuropsychological evidence for a phonological short-term store. Journal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23, 151–161.Google Scholar
Vallar, G. & Cappa, S.F. (1987). Articulation and verbal short-term memory: Evidence from anarthria. Cognitive Neuro-psychology, 4, 55–78.Google Scholar
Waters, G.S., Rochon, E., & Caplan, D. (1992). The role of high-level speech planning in rehearsal: Evidence from patients with apraxia of speech. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 54–73.Google Scholar
White, D.A., Craft, S., Hale, S., & Park, T.S. (1994). Working memory and articulation rate in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Neuropsychology, 8, 180–186.Google Scholar
Wilson, J.M. (1989). Outpatient-based physical therapy program for children with cerebral palsy undergoing selective dorsal rhizotomy. In Park, T.S., Phillips, L.H., & Peacock, W.J. (Eds.), Management of Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy and Spinal Cord Injury (pp. 417–430). Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, Inc.Google Scholar
Woodcock, R.W. & Johnson, M.B. (1990). Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery-Revised, TX: DLM Teaching ResourcesGoogle Scholar