Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T08:06:14.468Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Script Generation of Activities of Daily Living in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2011

J. Cobb Scott ,
Steven Paul Woods ,
Ofilio Vigil ,
Robert K. Heaton ,
Igor Grant ,
Ronald J. Ellis  and
Thomas D. Marcotte
J. Cobb Scott*
Affiliation:
Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
Steven Paul Woods
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
Ofilio Vigil
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
Robert K. Heaton
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
Igor Grant
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
Ronald J. Ellis
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
Thomas D. Marcotte
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: J. Cobb Scott, Yale University Department of Psychiatry & National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division (151E), 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Script generation describes one's ability to produce complex, sequential action plans derived from mental representations of everyday activities. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on script generation performance. Sixty HIV+ individuals (48% of whom had HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders [HAND]) and 26 demographically comparable HIV- participants were administered a novel, standardized test of script generation, which required participants to verbally generate and organize the necessary steps for completing six daily activities. HAND participants evidenced significantly more total errors, intrusions, and script boundary errors compared to the HIV- sample, indicating difficulties inhibiting irrelevant actions and staying within the prescribed boundaries of scripts, but had adequate knowledge of the relevant actions required for each script. These findings are generally consistent with the executive dysfunction and slowing common in HAND and suggest that script generation may play a role in everyday functioning problems in HIV. (JINS, 2011, 17, 740–745)

Keywords

Human immunodeficiency virusCognitionNeuropsychologyActivities of daily livingExecutive functionsFrontal lobes
Type
Brief Communications
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , 21 June 2011 , pp. 740 - 745
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Antinori, A., Arendt, G., Becker, J.T., Brew, B.J., Byrd, D.A., Cherner, M., Wojna, V.E. (2007). Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurology, 69, 1789–1799.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giovannetti, T., Bettcher, B.M., Brennan, L., Libon, D.J., Kessler, R.K., Duey, K. (2008). Coffee with jelly or unbuttered toast: Commissions and omissions are dissociable aspects of everyday action impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology, 22, 235–245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Godbout, L., Doyon, J. (2000). Defective representation of knowledge in Parkinson's disease: Evidence from a script-production task. Brain and Cognition, 44, 490–510.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
González-Scarano, F., Martín-García, J. (2005). The neuropathogenesis of AIDS. Nature Reviews. Immunology, 5, 69–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grafman, J. (1995). Similarities and distinctions among current models of prefrontal cortical functions. In J. Grafman, K. J. Holyoak, and F. Boller (Eds.), Structure and functions of the human prefrontal cortex. New York: New York Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Grant, I., Atkinson, J.H., Hesselink, J.R., Kennedy, C.J., Richman, D.D., Spector, S.A., McCutchan, J.A. (1987). Evidence for early central nervous system involvement in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections. Studies with neuropsychologic testing and magnetic resonance imaging. Annals of Internal Medicine, 107, 828–836.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hiscock, M., Hiscock, C.K. (1989). Refining the forced-choice method for the detection of malingering. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 11, 967–974.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R.K., Giovannetti, T., MacMullen, L.R. (2007). Everyday action in schizophrenia: Performance patterns and underlying cognitive mechanisms. Neuropsychology, 21, 439–447.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koechlin, E., Danek, A., Burnod, Y., Grafman, J. (2002). Medial prefrontal and subcortical mechanisms underlying the acquisition of motor and cognitive action sequences in humans. Neuron, 18, 371–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piatt, A.L., Fields, J.A., Paolo, A.M., Tröster, A.I. (1999). Action (verb naming) fluency as an executive function measure: Convergent and divergent evidence of validity. Neuropsychologia, 37, 1499–1503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rippeth, J.D., Heaton, R.K., Carey, C.L., Marcotte, T.D., Moore, D.J., Gonzalez, R., Grant, I. (2004). Methamphetamine dependence increases risk of neuropsychological impairment in HIV infected persons. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosen, V.M., Caplan, L., Sheesley, L., Rodriguez, R., Grafman, J. (2003). An examination of daily activities and their scripts across the adult lifespan. Behavior Research Methods, Instrument, & Computers, 35, 32–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, J.C., Woods, S.P., Vigil, O., Heaton, R.K., Schweinsburg, B.C., Ellis, R.J., Marcotte, T.D. (2011). A neuropsychological investigation of multitasking in HIV infection: Implications for everyday functioning. Neuropsychology, [Epub ahead of print].CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shallice, T. (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 298, 199–209.Google ScholarPubMed
Shallice, T. (1988). From Neuropsychology to mental structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sirigu, A., Zalla, T., Pillon, B., Grafman, J., Agid, Y., Dubois, B. (1995). Selective impairments in managerial knowledge following pre-frontal cortex damage. Cortex, 31, 301–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woods, S.P., Carey, C.L., Tröster, A.I., Grant, I., The HNRC Group. (2005). Action (verb) generation in HIV-1 infection. Neuropsychologia, 43, 1144–1151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woods, S.P., Morgan, E.E., Dawson, M., Scott, J.C., Grant, I., The HNRC Group. (2006). Action (verb) fluency predicts dependence in instrumental activities of daily living in persons infected with HIV-1. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 28(Suppl. 1), 1030–1042.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woods, S.P., Rippeth, J.D., Frol, A.B., Levy, J.K., Ryan, E., Soukup, V.M., Heaton, R.K. (2004). Interrater reliability of clinical ratings and neurocognitive diagnoses in HIV. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 26, 759–778.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zalla, T., Plaissiart, C., Pillon, B., Grafman, J., Sirigu, A. (2001). Action planning in a virtual context after prefrontal cortex damage. Neuropsychologia, 39, 759–770.CrossRefGoogle Scholar