Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-b4m5d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-23T17:24:00.386Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reliable change on the Dementia Rating Scale

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 May 2007

OTTO PEDRAZA ,
GLENN E. SMITH ,
ROBERT J. IVNIK ,
FLOYD B. WILLIS ,
TANIS J. FERMAN ,
RONALD C. PETERSEN ,
NEILL R. GRAFF-RADFORD  and
JOHN A. LUCAS
OTTO PEDRAZA
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
GLENN E. SMITH
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
ROBERT J. IVNIK
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
FLOYD B. WILLIS
Affiliation:
Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
TANIS J. FERMAN
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
RONALD C. PETERSEN
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
NEILL R. GRAFF-RADFORD
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
JOHN A. LUCAS
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A central role for neuropsychological evaluations is the measurement of change in cognitive functioning over time. However, change scores obtained from repeated neuropsychological assessments may be affected by normal variability because of measurement error and practice effects caused by repeated measurements. The current study uses reliable change estimates to establish normative rates of change on the Dementia Rating Scale from baseline to first follow-up testing among 1080 cognitively normal adults aged 65 and older. Results showed that a 6-point decline by European Americans or a 9-point decline by African American adults within a 9–15 month test-retest interval represents reliable change. Within a 16–24-month test-retest interval, a 7-point decline among European Americans or an 8-point decline among African American adults represents reliable change. In addition, preliminary cross-validation was performed in a clinical comparison sample of another 22 older adults. The findings are discussed in the context of potential clinical and research applications. (JINS, 2007, 13, 716–720.)

Keywords

Cognitive agingAlzheimer's diseaseRCIDRSMOANSMOAANS
Type
BRIEF COMMUNICATION
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 13 , Issue 4 , July 2007 , pp. 716 - 720
Copyright
© 2007 The International Neuropsychological Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Black, S.A. & Rush, R.D. (2002). Cognitive and functional decline in adults aged 75 and older. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50, 1978–1986.Google Scholar
Heaton, R.K., Temkin, N., Dikmen, S., Avitable, N., Taylor, M.J., Marcotte, T.D., & Grant, I. (2001). Detecting change: A comparison of three neuropsychological methods, using normal and clinical samples. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 16, 75–91.Google Scholar
Hinton-Bayre, A. (2000). Reliable change formula query. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6, 362–363.Google Scholar
Hinton-Bayre, A. (2004). Holding out for a reliable change from confusion to a solution: A comment on Maassen's “The standard error in the Jacobson and Truax Reliable Change Index.” Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10, 894–898.Google Scholar
Hinton-Bayre, A.D. (2005a). Methodology is more important than statistics when determining reliable change. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 11, 788–789.Google Scholar
Hinton-Bayre, A.D. (2005b). Commentary on Maassen's “Reliable change assessment in sport concussion research.” British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 488–489.Google Scholar
Iverson, G.L., Lovell, M.R., & Collins, M.W. (2003). Interpreting change on ImPACT following sport concussion. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17, 460–467.Google Scholar
Ivnik, R.J., Malec, J.F., Tangalos, E.G., Petersen, R.C., Kokmen, E., & Kurland, L.T. (1990). The Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT): Norms of ages 55 and older. Psychological Assessment, 2, 304–312.Google Scholar
Jurica, P.J., Leitten, C.L., & Mattis, S. (2001). Dementia Rating Scale-2: Professional Manual. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Lucas, J.A., Ivnik, R.J., Smith, G.E., Bohac, D.L., Tangalos, E.G., Graff-Radford, N.R., & Petersen, R.C. (1998). Normative data for the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 20, 536–547.Google Scholar
Lucas, J.A., Ivnik, R.J., Smith, G.E., Ferman, T.J., Willis, F.B., Petersen, R.C., & Graff-Radford, N.R. (2005). Mayo's Older African American Normative Studies: Normative data for commonly used clinical neuropsychological measures. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 162–183.Google Scholar
Maassen, G.H. (2004a). The standard error in the Jacobson and Truax Reliable Change Index: The classical approach to the assessment of reliable change. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10, 888–893.Google Scholar
Maassen, G.H. (2004b). What do Temkin's simulations of reliable change tell us? Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10, 902–903.Google Scholar
Maassen, G.H. (2005). Reliable change assessment in sport concussion research: A comment on the proposal and reviews of Collie et al. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 483–488.Google Scholar
Maassen, G.H., Bossema, E.R., & Brand, N. (2006). Reliable change assessment with practice effects in sport concussion research: A comment on Hinton-Bayre. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40, 829–833.Google Scholar
McGlinchey, J.B. & Jacobson, N.S. (1999). Clinically significant but impractical? A response to Hageman and Arrindell. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 1211–1217.Google Scholar
Moody-Ayers, S.Y., Mehta, K.M., Lindquist, K., Sands, L., & Covinsky, K.E. (2005). Black–White disparities in functional decline in older persons: The role of cognitive function. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 60A, 933–939.Google Scholar
Rilling, L.M., Lucas, J.A., Ivnik, R.J., Smith, G.E., Willis, F.B., Ferman, T.J., Petersen, R.C., & Graff-Radford, N.R. (2005). Mayo's Older African American Normative Studies: Norms for the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 229–242.Google Scholar
Temkin, N.R. (2004). Standard error in the Jacobson and Truax Reliable Change Index: The “classical” approach leads to poor estimates. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10, 899–901.Google Scholar
Temkin, N.R., Heaton, R.K., Grant, I., & Dikmen, S.S. (1999). Detecting significant change in neuropsychological test performance: A comparison of four models. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 5, 357–369.Google Scholar