Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T20:59:13.177Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Relations between a computerized shopping task and cognitive tests in a group of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2009

FRANK LARØI*
Affiliation:
Cognitive Psychopathology Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium Intercommunale de Soins Spécialisés de Liège (Mental Health Sector), Liège, Belgium
JENNIFER CANLAIRE
Affiliation:
Cognitive Psychopathology Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
HAITHAM MOURAD
Affiliation:
Cognitive Psychopathology Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
MARTIAL VAN DER LINDEN
Affiliation:
Cognitive Psychopathology Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Frank Larøi, Cognitive Psychopathology Unit, Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of Liège, Bd. du Rectorat (B33), B-4000 Liège, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Cognitive deficits are clearly associated with poor everyday life functioning in persons diagnosed with schizophrenia. However, previous studies have primarily used questionnaires to assess everyday life functioning. We developed a computerized real-life activity task (shopping task), where participants are required to shop for a list of seven grocery store items. Thirty individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls were administered an extensive battery of cognitive tests and the computerized shopping task. Performances on the computerized shopping task significantly differentiated patients and healthy controls for several variables. Moreover, performance on the shopping task was significantly correlated with verbal episodic memory, cognitive flexibility, planning, processing speed, and inhibition. Finally, performance on the computerized shopping task was significantly correlated with various clinical variables and with a global measure of social functioning. These findings suggest that the computerized task used in the present study provides an indication of the level of everyday life functioning and cognitive functioning of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia, and, therefore, may be viewed as a valuable instrument in both an evaluation and remediation context. (JINS, 2010, 16, 180–189.)

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press.Google Scholar
Army Individual Test Battery. (1944). Manual of Directions and Scoring. Washington, DC: War Department, Adjutant General’s Office.Google Scholar
Bowie, C.R., Reichenberg, A., Patterson, T.L., Heaton, R.K., & Harvey, P.D. (2006). Determinants of real-world functioning performance in schizophrenia: Correlations with cognition, functional capacity, and symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 418425.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brickenkamp, R. (1966). Le Test d2 d’attention concentrée. Paris: Editest.Google Scholar
Burgess, P.W., Dumontheil, I., & Gilbert, S.J. (2007). The gateway hypothesis of rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10) function. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 290298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cardebat, D., Doyon, B., Puel, M., Goulet, P., & Joannette, Y. (1990). Evocation lexicale formelle et sémantique chez des sujets normaux: Performances et dynamiques de production en fonction du sexe, de l’âge et du niveau d’études. Acta Neurologica Belgica, 90, 207217.Google Scholar
Delis, D., Freeland, J., Kramer, J., & Kaplan, E. (1988). Integrating clinical assessment with cognitive neuroscience: Construct validation of California Verbal Learning Test. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 123130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickinson, D., Ramsey, M.E., & Gold, J.M. (2007). Overlooking the obvious: A meta-analytic comparison of Digit Symbol Coding tasks and other cognitive measures in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 532542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fioravanti, M., Carlone, O., Vitale, B., Cinti, M.E., & Clare, L. (2005). A meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in adults with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Neuropsychology Review, 15, 7395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Golden, C.J. (1978). Stroop Color and Word Test: A Manual for Clinical and Experimental Uses. Chicago: Skoelting.Google Scholar
Green, M.F. (1996). What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia? American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 321330.Google ScholarPubMed
Green, M.F., Kern, R.S., Braff, D.L., & Mintz, J. (2000). Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: Are we measuring the right stuff? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26, 119136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamera, E., & Brown, C. (2000). Developing context-based performance measures: Grocery shopping skills in individuals with schizophrenia. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54, 2025.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamera, E., Brown, C., Rempfer, M., & Davis, N. (2002). Test of grocery shopping skills: Discrimination of people with and without mental illness. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills, 6, 296311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heaton, R.K., Chelune, G., Talley, J.L., Kay, G.G., & Curtiss, G. (1993). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Heinrichs, R.W., & Zakzanis, K.K., (1998). Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: A quantitative review of the evidence. Neuropsychology, 12, 426445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hilsenroth, M.J., Ackerman, S.J., Blagys, M.D., Baumann, B.D., Baity, M.R., Smith, S.R., et al. (2000). Reliability and validity of DSM-IV axis V. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 18581863.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, S.H., Thornicroft, G., Coffey, M., & Dunn, G. (1995). A brief mental health outcome scale: Reliability and validity of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). British Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 654659.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kay, S.R., Opler, L.A., & Fiszbein, A. (1987). Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Rating Manual. San Rafael, CA: Social and Behavioral Sciences Documents.Google Scholar
Kern, R.S., Green, M.F., Mintz, J., & Liberman, R.P. (2003). Does “Errorless Learning” compensate for neurocognitive impairments in the work rehabilitation of persons with schizophrenia? Psychological Medicine, 33, 433442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kern, R.S., Liberman, R.P., Kopelowicz, A., Mintz, J., & Green, M.F. (2002). Application of “Errorless Learning” for improving work performance in persons with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 19211926.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kortte, K.B., Horner, M.D., & Windham, W.K. (2002). The Trail Making Test, Part B: Cognitive flexibility or ability to maintain set? Applied Neuropsychology, 9, 106109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kurtz, M.M., Baker, E., Pearlson, G.D., & Astur, R.S. (2007). A virtual reality apartment as a measure of medication management skills in patients with schizophrenia: A pilot study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33, 11621170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mackinnon, A., & Mulligan, R. (2005). Estimation de l’intelligence prémorbide chez les francophones. L’Encéphale, 31, 3143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGurk, S.R., & Meltzer, H.Y. (2000). The role of cognition in vocational functioning in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 45, 175185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKibbin, C.L., Brekke, J.S., Sires, D., Jeste, D.V., & Patterson, T.L. (2004). Direct assessment of functional abilities: Relevance to persons with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 72, 5367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, H.E. (1982). National Adult Reading Test. Windsor: NFER-Nelson.Google Scholar
O’Carroll, R.E., Russell, H.H., Lawrie, S.M., & Johnstone, E.C. (1999). Errorless learning and the cognitive rehabilitation of memory-impaired schizophrenic patients. Psychological Medicine, 29, 105112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patterson, T.L., Goldman, S., McKibbin, C.L., Hughs, T., & Jeste, D.V. (2001). UCSD Performance-based skills assessment: Development of a new measure of everyday functioning for severely mentally ill adults. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 27, 235245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poitenaud, J., Deweer, B., Kalafat, M., & Van der Linden, M. (2007). Adaptation en langue française du California Verbal Learning Test. Paris: Les Editions du Centre de Psychologie Appliquée.Google Scholar
Rempfer, M., Hamera, E., Brown, C., & Cromwell, R. (2003). The relations between cognition and the independent living skill of shopping in people with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 117, 103112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Semkovska, M., Bédard, M.A., Godbout, L., Limoge, F., & Stip, E. (2004). Assessment of executive dysfunction during activities of daily living in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 69, 289300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Velligan, D.I., Bow-Thomas, C., Mahurin, R.K., Miller, A.L., & Halgunseth, L.C. (2000). Do specific neurocognitive deficits predict specific domains of community functioning in schizophrenia? Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188, 518524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wechsler, D. (1981). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Manual. New York: Psychological.Google Scholar
Wechsler, D. (2000). WAIS-III: Echelle d’Intelligence de Wechsler pour Adultes (3rd ed.). Paris: Les éditions du Centre de Psychologie Appliquée.Google Scholar
Wechsler, D. (2001). MEM-III: Manuel de l’Echelle Clinique de Mémoire (3rd ed.). Paris: Les éditions du Centre de Psychologie Appliquée.Google Scholar
Wilson, B.A., Alderman, N., Burgess, P.W., Emslie, H., & Evans, J.J. (1996). BADS: Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome. Bury St Edmunds, UK: Thames Valley Test Company.Google Scholar